标签： 南京梧桐客栈

Binding China enterprise ZF to automatic parking on a large scale

　　[car home Industry] When people talk about ZF, they must have a high evaluation of its 8AT gearbox. There are countless partners in this star product, especially BMW, which is famous for its control. Most of its models use ZF 8AT gearbox. Today, ZF will no longer be a simple gearbox company, but will gradually evolve into a technology company focusing on the future travel field.

　　"Before 2030, ZF’s contribution to the Asia-Pacific region needs to reach 30% of the group’s income, and the China market will become the main source of growth to achieve this goal." At the strategic cooperation ceremony between ZF and China technology company Tiantong Weishi on June 15th, Dr.Holger Klein, director of ZF Group, said, "This requires us to cooperate with forward-looking partners in the local ecosystem of China."

Home of the car

■Why did you choose Tianqi Weiwei?

　　On June 15th, ZF signed a strategic cooperation agreement with CalmCar to jointly develop cost-effective automatic parking (APA) and automatic parking service (AVP) systems. At the same time, this is the first time that ZF has invested in a local start-up technology company in China.

　　In Ke Haozhe’s view, it is now in an era full of challenges and changes. On the one hand, the travel industry is facing common challenges such as COVID-19 epidemic, chip trade and climate change; On the other hand, software-defined cars, as well as the development of technologies such as autonomous driving, artificial intelligence and 5G, will combine the digital world in the field of travel with the real world. These common challenges and opportunities are complex and interrelated, and ZF should cooperate with upstream suppliers, first-class suppliers and automobile manufacturers.

Home of the car

"Ke Haozhe, Director of ZF Group"

　　In recent years, by actively participating in the domestic ecological circle, ZF has actively deployed its work focus and company resources in the high-tech development of China, and taking a stake in Tiantong Weishi is a major move of ZF. "This year coincides with the 40th year of ZF’s operation in China. At this key node, ZF participates in the China automobile ecosystem and has deeper cooperation with China start-ups. This is also an important performance of the Group’s emphasis on the China market. " Ke Yuzhe said.

　　ZF has made some achievements in the key technical fields of automatic driving, from high-precision sensors and intelligent actuators to high-efficiency on-board central computers and service-oriented software systems. Perhaps the outside world will ask, start-ups are overwhelming, why did ZF choose Tianqi Weiwei?

Home of the car

　　Xing Xun, Engineering Director of China Electronics and Driver Assistance System Division of ZF Group, said, "As early as 2017, ZF cooperated with Tianzhu, and now the technical achievements of our cooperation have been verified in 3-4 years. This also means that this technology is reliable. "

　　"ZF is not willing to invest in a company if it is only famous, rather than the two sides spend time and energy on joint development. This is a starting point for ZF to cooperate with start-ups in China-it takes some time and technical precipitation. " Xing Xun added.

　　At the same time, Damon, founder and CEO of Tiantong Weishi, predicted that in 2023, L2-class and L3-class advanced assisted driving will achieve large-scale development in the China market, and in 2025, China will usher in large-scale mass production of L4-class autonomous driving. Compared with the global OEM layout, China will be two years ahead, among which low-speed assisted autonomous driving has completed 35% assembly rate in 2020.

　　ZF and Tiantong Weishi have come a long way, and now is the right time to strengthen and deepen cooperation.

Home of the car

Wang Runyi, President of ZF China and Senior Vice President of Asia Pacific Operations, and Damon, Founder and CEO of Tiantong Weishi.

■AVP system landed in China on a large scale?

　　"The automatic parking system, whether it is the end consumer or the OEM, has a very strong demand for this function." Asked why ZF laid out the AVP field, Xing Xun said, "Aiming at the problem of parking difficulty, automatic parking service is a product that really comes from the demand side."

　　ZF will start with automatic parking and automatic parking service, and build future-oriented autonomous driving technology to support the next generation of travel modes. If we look back at the Shanghai Auto Show in April this year, ZF released AVP automatic parking service technology for the first time. In fact, this technology is based on the deep cooperation between the two parties.

　　ZF’s specialty in sensor actuators and system integration, combined with the software support of Tiantong Weishi and the crowdsourcing map technology of another partner, this AVP automatic parking service technology can provide an economical and efficient solution for car companies without relying on the transformation of parking lot infrastructure and the prefabrication of high-precision maps of parking lots.

Home of the car

　　"Actually, ZF has a relatively comprehensive layout in L2-level assisted autonomous driving and L4-level autonomous driving on highways. Comparatively speaking, there are shortcomings in the low-speed automatic parking scene." Xing Xun said frankly, "In this field, the working conditions in China are very different from those in foreign countries, including the parking environment and garage construction methods. Cooperation with Tianzhu Weishi is essentially a supplement and improvement to ZF’s construction of autonomous driving map. "

　　Just as the technical route of self-driving cars is divided into bicycle intelligence and vehicle-road coordination, automatic parking service also has two major routes: vehicle end and field end. It is reported that the AVP system jointly developed by ZF and Tianzhu is mainly based on vehicle intelligence.

　　The automatic parking service system is equipped with four fisheye cameras with a panoramic view of 192. By using the fusion of 360 panoramic view perception of Tiantong Weishi and ultrasonic radar perception, the system can effectively identify parking spaces and obstacles, help vehicles locate indoors and outdoors, and plan automatic parking paths in real time.

Home of the car

　　"There are 400,000 paid parking lots in China. If we carry out large-scale field-side renovation, it is actually unrealistic. Therefore, Tianzhu Weishi uses its own unique algorithm advantages and combines ZF’s century-old experience to realize automatic parking service without increasing the cost of the vehicle on a large scale. " Damon, founder and CEO of Tianzhu Weishi, stressed, "Only in this way can the AVP system land quickly and on a large scale."

　　It is understood that ZF AVP system is scheduled to be installed for the first time on the models of China automobile manufacturers at the end of 2022, and the landing scenes are airports, shopping malls and parking lots.

■Meet the new challenges of China market

　　"The cooperation between ZF and Tiantong Weishi is a good start, but such cooperation is definitely not the only cooperation of ZF. We will conduct a very profound and comprehensive investigation in the future to find a partner that complements ZF in culture and technology in the automobile ecosystem, making the overall business model of the group more flexible." Wang Runyi said, "This is our goal, and ZF will carefully and openly choose China partners."

Home of the car

　　2021 is the 40th year that ZF entered China. In these 40 years, ZF has witnessed the rapid development of China automobile industry. From 1981, ZF received its first order in China, to 1994, ZF opened its first factory in Langfang, and now, ZF has nearly 50 manufacturing enterprises and three R&D centers in China. ZF has gone through the process from "sales in China" to "manufacturing in China" and then to "R&D in China".

　　It is worth mentioning that ZF’s sales in China increased by 10.3% in 2020, which is at the same level as that in its home market. In the past two years, as a Tier1 supplier, ZF found that the demand of China OEM changed greatly.

　　"First of all, the OEM’s own research and development capabilities have been significantly improved; Secondly, the technology and services provided by the main engine factory to suppliers need to be faster in response speed; Finally, it is more flexible in technical requirements, and tends to combine the specific needs of OEMs, with a more systematic and deeper understanding. " Wang Runyi told car home.

　　"In the past, a new model was developed for three or four years. This era no longer exists. What we see is the average aging of 6-18 months. This puts higher demands on ZF’s R&D team. " Wang Runyi believes that ZF needs the help of local start-ups in China to respond to customers’ requirements quickly.

Home of the car

　　In fact, at the technical level, the supply mode of black box or white box in the past can no longer meet the needs of OEMs. "OEMs hope that ZF can help tailor the architecture based on them and make technical synthesis according to customer needs." Wang Runyi said.

　　For example, the cooperation between ZF and Tiantong Weishi not only speeds up the R&D process of ZF localization, but also shortens the technology R&D cycle, accelerates the technology iteration speed, and enables the latest technology to be put into the market better and faster. By strengthening technical exchanges, the two sides will jointly build a new platform with complementary advantages and win-win cooperation.

　　As Wang Runyi said, "China is the top priority of ZF’s future development strategy. We will continue to increase investment in China, welcome the deepening exchanges between partners inside and outside the industry with an open mind, look forward to the future together, and explore different cooperation modes. Qi Xin will work together to turn challenges into opportunities, which will make it impossible and possible."

■ Editor’s summary:

　　In addition to the automatic parking service technology launched this time, ZF has continuously expanded its business boundaries in recent years, focusing on the "next generation travel" strategy. For example, the establishment of the electric drive technology division, the integration with the commercial vehicle technology company Webeco, the sales of independent software solutions and the establishment of a brand-new software center. There are no enterprises that are always successful, only enterprises that constantly adapt to the general trend of the times. (Text/car home Peng Fei)

＂State Compensation＂ Halves ＂Land Compensation＂ Cancels New Energy Vehicle Enterprises Facing Survival of the fittest

　　The new subsidy policy for new energy vehicles has appropriately raised the threshold of technical indicators, focused on supporting high-quality products with excellent energy consumption and high technical level, and encouraged enterprises to pay attention to safety and consistency.

　　At the same time, the implementation of the New Deal has also accelerated the "reshuffle" of the industry. Low-end enterprises that rely on subsidies for survival are doomed to be eliminated. Only by accelerating innovation drive and improving product strength can new energy vehicle companies hedge the impact of subsidies.

　　The much-anticipated financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles has finally been introduced. On the 26th, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on Further Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles, which clarified the subsidy standards and liquidation methods for new energy vehicles in 2019. Compared with the previous subsidy policy, what specific changes will the New Deal have, what impact will it bring to the industry, and how should enterprises respond?

　　Pure electric vehicle compensation is reduced by nearly half

　　In 2019, the New Deal proposed that the driving range of pure electric passenger cars should not be less than 250 kilometers, that of plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including extended range) should not be less than 50 kilometers, and that the subsidized driving range should only be divided into "two grades" of 250 to 400 kilometers and more than 400 kilometers, with subsidy amounts of 18,000 yuan and 25,000 yuan respectively, and that of plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including extended range) should be 10,000 yuan.

　　Last year, except for vehicles below 150km, subsidies for pure electric vehicles were divided into "four gears" with cruising range of 150-200km, 200-250km, 250-300km and 300-400km and above, with subsidies of 15,000 yuan, 24,000 yuan, 34,000 yuan and 45,000 yuan respectively. Plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including increase)

　　"Compared with the previous year, the subsidy for pure electric passenger cars has been reduced by nearly half." Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of the National Passenger Car Association, said that unlike previous years, when the energy density threshold of the power battery system of new energy vehicles was greatly raised, this policy appropriately raised the threshold of technical indicators according to the principles of advanced technology, reliable quality and guaranteed safety, and kept the upper limit of technical indicators basically unchanged, focusing on supporting high-quality products with excellent energy consumption and high technical level, while encouraging enterprises to pay attention to safety and consistency.

　　Pre-allocation of subsidy funds in time

　　In view of the problem of untimely payment of subsidy funds, the New Deal proposes to improve the liquidation system and improve the efficiency of funds. It is required that from 2019, some funds will be pre-allocated after the vehicles with operating mileage requirements are sold and licensed. After meeting the mileage requirements, they can apply for liquidation according to procedures. After the release of the policy, vehicles with operating mileage requirements will not be subsidized if they run less than 20,000 kilometers within 2 years from the date of registration, and the pre-allocated funds will be deducted at the time of liquidation.

　　It is understood that subsidies for new energy vehicles are divided into central financial subsidies and local financial subsidies. After enterprises submit application documents and materials, the central financial subsidies need to be approved and tested by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Finance Committee, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance; Local financial subsidies involve many cities, and the declaration process is also different. Some enterprises report that compared with central financial subsidies, local financial subsidies have many application links and long processes, and the progress of distribution is more difficult to determine.

　　"If there is no cash flow and financing is difficult, it will affect the bank’s guarantee and mortgage. The superposition of layers will increase the investment cost of car companies and bring some pressure to the operation of upstream batteries and other enterprises." Cui Dongshu said that new energy vehicle enterprises themselves need cash flow, and this subsidy policy clarifies the rules for timely payment of subsidy funds, so that enterprises can research and develop and promote the market with peace of mind, thus achieving sustainable development.

　　Local financial withdrawal subsidy

　　The new policy also clearly states that local governments should improve their policies. After the transition period, they will no longer give purchase subsidies to new energy vehicles (except new energy buses and fuel cell vehicles), and instead use them to support the "short board" construction of charging (hydrogenation) infrastructure and supporting operational services. If the local government continues to grant purchase subsidies, the central government will deduct the relevant financial subsidies accordingly.

　　"This means that local finance will withdraw its subsidies to vehicle manufacturers, and the policy based on financial subsidies will shift more to the non-financial system, focusing on optimizing the development environment of new energy vehicles, including road rights, charging facilities, power battery recycling, commercial insurance, used cars and so on. At the same time, it also helps to reduce local protectionism. " Cui Dongshu said that China’s policy of encouraging the development of new energy vehicles is a systematic policy, aiming at realizing the joint support system of national and local new energy vehicle policies, ensuring that after the subsidy is completely withdrawn in 2021, new energy vehicle products still have certain advantages over the policy environment of traditional fuel vehicles, and promoting the establishment of a market-oriented independent new energy vehicle selection system.

　　In addition, the transitional policy also allows car companies to have a reasonable layout and time period for calibrating new products.

　　The influence of the New Deal has different reactions.

　　"The intensity of this slope retreat is expected, and the impact on enterprises is not too great." Zhao Changjiang, general manager of BYD Auto Sales Co., Ltd. said that only by accelerating innovation drive and enhancing product strength can enterprises better hedge the impact of subsidy retreat.

　　However, many people in the industry said that with the increase of subsidies, many uncertainties have been added to the original high-speed development of new energy vehicles. Chen Hong, chairman of SAIC, bluntly said that without subsidies, China’s new energy vehicle market would decline significantly.

　　"After the subsidy for new energy vehicles has declined, car companies can ‘ Complement ’ 。” Jia Xinguang, executive director of china automobile dealers association, pointed out that the power battery occupies a very important position in the manufacturing cost of new energy vehicles. If the battery cost can be reduced through technological innovation, the impact of subsidy retreat on the market will be weakened.

　　"It is not necessarily a good thing for a powerful enterprise. Subsidies should be seen dialectically." Gu Huinan, general manager of GAC New Energy, told reporters that with the gradual withdrawal of financial subsidies, the reshuffle of new energy vehicles is coming, and those low-end enterprises that rely on subsidies for survival are doomed to be eliminated. What can stand out must be the outstanding enterprises that actively face the market and can provide products with market competitiveness.

Express： Everyone here may be short of folic acid.

Original DY MedSci Metz

Lead: spoiler of folic acid new consensus.

Medical news today

On September 5th, the conference of "Consensus of Multidisciplinary Experts on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement in China" was successfully held in Beijing. After being checked by authoritative experts, the consensus gives personalized and detailed folic acid supplementation suggestions to the general population and the special population according to different physiological stages.

Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin, which naturally exists in some foods, can also be added to other foods, and can be used as a dietary supplement. "Folic acid" used to be called "folic acid protein", sometimes also called "vitamin B9", which is a general term for naturally occurring food folic acid and folic acid in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Food folic acid is in the form of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), which usually has other glutamic acid residues, making it a polyglutamate. Some dietary supplements also contain 5-methyl -THF (also known as L-5-MTHF, 5-MTHF, L- methyl folic acid or methyl folic acid) in the form of monosodium glutamate.

Folate, wiki

Folic acid helps to form DNA and RNA, and participates in protein metabolism. It plays a key role in the decomposition of homocysteine, which is an amino acid. If the content is too high, it will have harmful effects on human body. Folic acid is also needed to produce healthy red blood cells. Folic acid is very important in the period of rapid human growth, such as pregnancy and fetal development. Therefore, folic acid deficiency is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as neonatal neural tube defects (NTDs), various pregnancy damages (abortion, premature delivery, etc.), hypertension, stroke, abnormal mental behavior and other cognitive disorders.

Who is short of folic acid?

The following situations may increase people’s risk of folic acid deficiency:

1. drinking too much. Alcohol will interfere with the absorption of folic acid and accelerate the decomposition of folic acid. In addition, alcoholics tend to eat inferior diets with low folic acid content, which increases the risk of folic acid deficiency in this group of people.

2. Pregnancy. Because folic acid plays an important role in fetal cell development, the demand for folic acid will increase during pregnancy.

3. Intestinal surgery or digestive system diseases. Surgery involving digestive organs or lowering normal gastric acid levels may affect folic acid absorption. Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease can also reduce the absorption of folic acid. Studies show that about 20%-60% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease suffer from folic acid deficiency.

4. Genetic variation. People with MTHFR gene mutation can not convert folic acid into its active form, which accounts for about 29% of Hispanic population, 10% of Caucasians and Asians, and 1% of African-Americans.

Lack of folic acid may lead to anemia, weakness and fatigue; Irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath; It is difficult to concentrate; Hair loss; Pale skin; Symptoms such as aphtha.

How do the general population supplement folic acid?

In fact, folic acid deficiency is rare, but some people may be in marginal folic acid state. Folic acid can’t be synthesized in the human body and can only be taken from food. For individuals with folic acid deficiency or deficiency, it is first recommended to supplement folic acid with "food therapy" by improving diet structure. The consensus points out that green leafy vegetables, bean products, animal livers, lean meat and egg yolks are good food sources of folic acid, and chicken livers (1172.2μgDFE/100g), amaranth (419.8μgDFE/100g), pig livers, sheep livers and soybeans are rich in folic acid. Foods with folic acid content ≥ 120 gdfe/100g (solid) or 60μgDFE/100g (liquid) are "high or rich in folic acid", and foods with folic acid content or folic acid source are half. However, if the absorption and utilization rate of natural food is low, the general population should also take measures such as folic acid supplement or fortified food, and the effective and safe dose is 0.4-1mg per day.

Photographing network

However, it should be noted that long-term large-dose (> 1 mg) folic acid supplementation may cause health risks. Studies have shown that taking more folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency most often occurs in the elderly or people who eat vegetarian food, among which B12 deficiency is more common. Folic acid and B12 are both involved in the production of red blood cells, and the shortage of either will lead to anemia. People who take high-dose folic acid supplements may correct anemia and feel better, but B12 deficiency still exists. In this case, if high folic acid intake continues to "mask" the symptoms of B12 deficiency for a long time, it may cause slow but irreversible damage to the brain and nervous system. In addition, long-term folic acid overdose also has the effects of increasing cancer risk, aggravating neurodegenerative diseases, affecting zinc absorption and reducing immunity. Therefore, it is suggested that if natural folic acid is still available every day, folic acid supplements should not be used more than 400μg per day.

How do special people supplement folic acid?

Pregnant women (including pregnant women)

During pregnancy, folic acid demand will increase due to nucleic acid synthesis. Folic acid deficiency during perinatal period will increase the risk of NTDs, leading to birth defects of fetal spine (spina bifida) and brain (anencephaly). Fifty years ago, no one knew what caused these birth defects. Later, two large trials randomly assigned women to take folic acid or placebo, showing that too little folic acid would increase the birth probability of deformed babies, and getting enough folic acid could greatly reduce this incidence.

In addition, folic acid deficiency during pregnancy may also increase the risk of abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, autism spectrum disorder’s offspring and other diseases.

At present, folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age is a basic policy in China. The incidence of NTDs in China decreased from 27.4/ 10,000 in 1987 to 1.5/ 10,000 in 2017, a decrease of 94.5%.

The blood folic acid level of rural women in northern China is low. The research results show that this group of people can reach the level of preventing NTDs by taking folic acid 0.4mg/d for at least three months. In addition, many studies suggest that increasing dietary folic acid intake can also reduce the risk of NTDs by about 30%-60%.

Therefore, it is suggested by consensus that women should try their best to take food supplements during pregnancy preparation and early pregnancy, and women in the middle and late pregnancy and lactation can take food supplements and folic acid supplements. It is suggested to supplement folic acid 0.4mg/d or 0.8mg/d from the possible pregnancy or at least 3 months before pregnancy until the third month of pregnancy. The intake of folic acid in the second and third trimester of pregnancy should reach 600 gdfe/d, and it is suggested to supplement folic acid with 400 gdfe/d in addition to food supplement. It is recommended to take 550 gdfe/d folic acid during lactation, and it is recommended to supplement 350 gdfe/d folic acid in addition to food supplement. Personalized supplements are needed for people who live in the north, eat less vegetables and fruits, and have low blood folic acid levels. For women with NTDs reproductive history, diseases such as diabetes, and TT genotype at MTHFR677 locus, the consensus also made tailor-made suggestions.

Cardiovascular disease

The increase of Hcy level caused by folic acid deficiency is considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Folic acid deficiency Several large-scale randomized trials of B vitamin supplements to reduce homocysteine levels and prevent heart disease and stroke have not found the benefits of folic acid supplementation. These trials have a similar design: adults with a history of heart disease or stroke or at high risk of heart disease are given pills or placebos containing high doses of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid. Studies have found that taking high doses of three B vitamins can reduce the level of homocysteine, but it does not lead to a decrease in coronary heart disease events.

However, looking at cardiovascular diseases as a whole may mask the potential benefits of at least one B vitamin, and it may be too late to study people with advanced vascular diseases. An analysis of several studies shows that folic acid supplements can reduce the risk of stroke in people who have not yet had a stroke, but they cannot reduce the risk of a second stroke in people who have already had a stroke.

Effect of folic acid supplementation on stroke risk in preset subgroups

Therefore, it is not recommended to use folic acid to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but folic acid supplementation is recommended for cardiovascular high-risk groups and hypertensive patients with HHcy to reduce Hcy levels. In order to reduce the risk of the first stroke, folic acid monotherapy or fixed compound preparation containing folic acid can be used for patients with HHcy with hypertension. Taking 0.8mg folic acid combined with vitamin B12 daily can achieve the best effect of reducing Hcy.

Neurobehavioral disorders

1. autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by difficulties in communication and interaction with others, limited interests and repetitive behaviors. More and more evidence shows that folic acid supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of ASD or reduce the increase of ASD risk caused by prenatal exposure to certain drugs and toxic chemicals. The mechanism of these potential benefits is not clear, but it may be related to the role of folic acid in DNA methylation, which in turn will affect neural development.

Some (but not all) observational studies show that there is a correlation between the use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements by pregnant women before and/or during pregnancy and the lower risk of ASD in female offspring. A case-control cohort study of 45,300 Israeli children in 2018 showed that the risk of ASD in children was significantly reduced when mothers took folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements before and/or during pregnancy.

Up to now, the evidence shows that there may be a negative correlation between folic acid intake of mothers during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in their offspring, but there is no evidence to support it in large-scale clinical studies. In addition, some studies believe that children with ASD also have different degrees of abnormal folic acid metabolism due to bad eating behavior, so not exceeding folic acid in these children may be beneficial to the treatment of ASD, but there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, it is recommended that women of childbearing age should be supplemented with 0.8mg/d regularly to reduce the risk of ASD in their offspring.

2. Depression

Nowadays, depressive disorder has become the second disease in China, with a prevalence rate of 3.02%, ranking first in the total burden of various mental diseases. Some studies have shown that folic acid deficiency is related to depression and low response to antidepressants. The mechanism may be related to the involvement of folic acid in the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain. In addition, HHcy is related to depression, and folic acid can degrade Hcy.

In a racial diversity study of 2948 Americans aged 15-39, the concentration of folic acid in serum and red blood cells of patients with severe depression was significantly lower than that of patients who had never suffered from depression. Some clinical studies have shown positive results about whether folic acid supplementation may help depression when used with traditional antidepressants. In addition, the guidelines for the treatment of depression revised by the British Psychopharmacology Association in 2015 and the Canadian network for the treatment of depression and anxiety both recommended folic acid as a supplement to the treatment of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression. Therefore, the consensus is that folic acid deficiency is related to depression, and low folic acid level is related to low response of antidepressants. It is recommended that patients with depression should be supplemented with folic acid reasonably on the basis of antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the recommended dose is 0.5-2.5 mg/d.

Cognitive dysfunction

Statistics show that there are 178 million elderly people over 60 years old in China, accounting for about 13% of the total population. There are about 50 million people with dementia and cognitive impairment, and the social burden is huge. Most observational studies conducted so far show that there is a positive correlation between HHcy and the incidence of dementia. Scientists hypothesize that the increase of homocysteine level may have negative effects on the brain through various mechanisms, including the death of neurons caused by cerebrovascular ischemia, abnormal deposition of tau kinase activation and inhibition of methylation reaction.

A Dutch study involving 818 subjects aged 50-70 years showed that folic acid supplementation could reduce Hcy concentration by 26%. Although the cognitive function of subjects declined with age, the folic acid group was superior to the placebo group in memory, information processing speed and sensory motor speed.

Although folic acid supplementation can effectively reduce the level of Hcy, and hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for dementia, based on the current evidence-based medical evidence, it cannot be considered that folic acid supplementation can significantly improve cognitive function. Therefore, the consensus points out that people with cognitive impairment should not advocate long-term use of folic acid without evidence of folic acid deficiency. For those with folic acid deficiency, folic acid 0.8 mg/d can be supplemented (grade C evidence).

kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to Hcy excretion disorder, and dietary restriction in such patients can also increase the risk of folic acid deficiency. Can folic acid supplementation delay the progress of CKD? China’s CSPPT study pointed out that compared with simple antihypertensive therapy, folic acid supplementation of 0.8mg/d can reduce the progress of CKD. But foreign studies show negative results. It is speculated that the difference of research conclusions may be related to the different baseline folic acid levels, that is to say, fortified foods have not been used to supplement folic acid in China, so folic acid supplementation may be beneficial to delay the progression of nephropathy for people with low baseline folic acid levels.

The consensus suggests that folic acid should not be routinely used to delay the progress of CKD, but folic acid supplementation (0.8mg/d) should be considered for patients with folic acid deficiency.

In addition, in the field of cancer, some epidemiological studies show that folic acid intake (or status) is inversely related to colorectal cancer and lung cancer. The exact nature of folic acid on carcinogenesis has not been established, but scientists speculate that folic acid may affect cancer development through its role in carbon metabolism, DNA replication and cell division. Evidence also shows that folic acid may play a dual role in the occurrence and development of cancer. That is to say, folic acid may inhibit some types of cancer in the early stage of development, and taking large doses of folic acid after the establishment of precancerous lesions may promote the development and progress of cancer. We need more research to fully understand how folic acid in diet and folic acid supplementation affect cancer risk, and whether their effects vary with exposure time.

In a word, folic acid is firmly listed in the World Health Organization standard list of essential drugs, and it is one of the most effective and safe drugs needed in the basic public health system. The application of folic acid has achieved great success in improving neonatal malformation, and its application prospect in other fields and disciplines is also very promising. With the deepening of future research, scientists will also find and solve more problems and set more precise guidance for personalized folic acid use.

Note: The content of this article is only for promoting consensus and popular science, and it is not intended to provide personal medical advice.

references

1.Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation.DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199212243272602.

2.Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90133-A.

3.Effects of Homocysteine-Lowering With Folic Acid Plus Vitamin B12 vs Placebo on Mortality and Major Morbidity in Myocardial Infarction Survivors.doi:10.1001/jama.2010.840.

4.B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70187-3.

5.Efficacy of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid in Stroke Prevention.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573410.

6.Association of Maternal Use of Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplements in the Periods Before and During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring.JAMA Psychiatry. 2018; 75(2):176-184. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4050.

7.Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60109-3.

8. Information on the conference of China Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement.

Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report

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Ministry of Finance： In 2023, the national lottery sales totaled 579.696 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.5%.

　　On January 30th, statistics released by the Ministry of Finance showed that in 2023, the national lottery sales totaled 579.696 billion yuan, an increase of 155.044 billion yuan or 36.5%. Among them, the sales of welfare lottery institutions was 194.441 billion yuan, an increase of 46.311 billion yuan, an increase of 31.3%; The sales of sports lottery institutions reached 385.255 billion yuan, an increase of 108.733 billion yuan or 39.3%.

　　Compared with the same period of last year, lottery sales in all provinces in China increased, with Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong increasing by 16.321 billion yuan, 12.946 billion yuan, 12.442 billion yuan and 10.832 billion yuan respectively.

　　The Ministry of Finance requires that lottery agencies at all levels should closely follow up and analyze new situations and new problems, effectively strengthen the issuance and sales of lottery tickets, and ensure the smooth operation of the market. Financial departments at all levels should further strengthen lottery supervision, actively create a good external environment, maintain market order, and promote the sustained and healthy development of lottery. (Economic Daily reporter Zeng Jinhua)

Looking back on the first anniversary： how did the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis change the world？

　　On February 24, 2022, local time, in Kharkov, Ukraine, black smoke rose from a military airport in Chuguyev near Kharkov. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced military action against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and then explosions were heard all over the country. Vision china diagram

　　On February 24, 2022, the Ukrainian crisis suddenly escalated. Looking back on this year, people deeply feel the impact of this crisis on the world.

　　Over the past year, what has changed is not only the jagged confrontation front, but also NATO’s aid to Ukraine from protective helmets to main battle tanks, and the increasing number of casualties every day, as well as the European economy that is constantly losing blood, the doubled electricity and flour bills of Hungarian bakeries, and the high feed price faced by Tunisian farmers … … This "the largest military conflict in Europe since the 21st century" has brought severe global security challenges, drastic geopolitical changes and extensive economic and social impacts, far exceeding expectations.

　　Over the past year, more and more people of insight in the world have realized that the United States is clinging to unilateralism, hegemonism and the Cold War mentality, playing geopolitical games under the banner of ideology, and its various bad actions are fundamentally shaking world peace and stability. When the world is in turmoil and intertwined, only by adhering to peace, development, cooperation and win-win, replacing division with unity, confrontation with cooperation and exclusion with tolerance, is the correct way for human society to overcome the difficulties together.

　　On March 3, 2022, in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, children looked out of the window on a train bound for Lviv. Vision china diagram

　　The security situation is even more severe.

　　Artillery, tanks, drones, smoke, ruins, refugees … … Similar images are scrolled on TV and social media almost every day, telling the world that the intensity of this conflict has not diminished with the passage of time. On the contrary, the western countries led by the United States are trying their best to defeat Russia, and the global security situation is facing the risk of spiral deterioration.

　　Under the leadership of the United States, NATO continued to send weapons and equipment to Ukraine, providing personnel training and intelligence support, which constantly fueled the crisis. Since the Biden administration came to power, the total amount of military assistance promised by the United States to Ukraine has reached $30 billion. From the initial provision of non-lethal military equipment such as helmets to the provision of lethal weapons such as individual anti-tank missiles, to the provision of heavy weapons such as armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery, recently, it promised to provide main battle tanks and began to discuss the provision of offensive weapons such as fighter jets. The western aid to the Ukrainian army has been continuously upgraded. NATO has continuously strengthened its military deployment in the surrounding areas of Russia, such as Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries, actively recruited Sweden and Finland into the treaty, and NATO member countries such as Germany, France and Denmark have substantially increased their defense expenditures. These actions are constantly stimulating Russia’s security nerves.

　　In the view of Hungarian Prime Minister Orban, Europe "has actually indirectly fought with Russia", "We will soon hear the so-called ‘ Peacekeeping forces ’ This kind of thing. " Fyodor Lukjanov, research director of the Valdai International Debate Club in Russia, believes that the supply of tanks by the West to Ukraine is likely to lead Russia and NATO to the brink of direct conflict. In an interview with Tass news agency, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov also warned that western policies aimed at comprehensively containing Russia are extremely dangerous and may lead to direct armed conflicts between nuclear powers.

　　In response to western military pressure, Russia is also stepping up its military strength and demonstrating its strategic deterrent capability. On the one hand, the Russian army increased its attack on the military, communications and energy infrastructure of Ukraine in order to undermine the potential of the Ukrainian war. On the other hand, Russia has expanded its military strength through partial mobilization, and plans to carry out large-scale adjustment from 2023 to 2026, expanding the number of troops to 1.5 million, and at the same time strengthening equipment supply guarantee and infrastructure construction to meet national defense needs.

　　The reason why this crisis has reached this stage lies in the fact that NATO, led by the United States, sticks to the Cold War mentality, indulges in zero-sum games and is keen on camp confrontation, trying to weaken Russia to the maximum extent through "proxy war". "With the closure of the dialogue channel, the artillery became a megaphone." Pan Kajie Mishra, a columnist of Bloomberg News, wrote that the escalating military assistance from the United States and Europe to Ukraine has opened a "dangerous new era" in global politics.

　　On March 25th, 2022, in Kharkov, Ukraine, after an attack, a man searched for items from a burning shop. Vision china diagram

　　Geopolitical map remodeling

　　As Mishra said, the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis profoundly reshaped the global geopolitical pattern.

　　The confrontation between the west and Russia, led by the United States, has intensified. Fu Limin, a former US Assistant Secretary of Defense and senior diplomat, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency a few days ago that US President Biden repeatedly stressed that the US supports Ukraine "as long as it takes". If Biden’s meaning is consistent with that of US Secretary of Defense Austin, that is, the main goal of the United States is to weaken and isolate Russia, then this goal will not only be achieved, but also lead to a series of negative consequences. If the bloody conflict continues for a long time, it will not be good for Europe, Russia, Ukraine and the United States.

　　There is a growing rift between Europe, which has been hit, and the United States, which is profiting from it. At the beginning of the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, Europe and the United States showed a gesture of "unity", but soon Europe strongly felt the anti-itself effect brought by sanctions against Russia: energy prices soared, prices rose sharply, and people complained. The United States not only sold energy and arms to Europe at high prices, but also enacted the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chip and Science Act of 2022, which contained huge industrial subsidies and overbearing provisions to curb competition, seriously hurting European interests and causing strong dissatisfaction among European countries. Michele Geraci, former Italian Deputy Minister of Economic Development, said that NATO’s eastward expansion under the leadership of the United States is one of the root causes of the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, and the cost of the crisis is mainly borne by Europe.

　　Most developing countries refuse to take sides and show their willingness to be independent. The US government once pressured Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and other allies in the Middle East to increase oil production to lower international oil prices, and cooperated with Western sanctions against Russia, resulting in a cold reception. At the 59th Munich Security Conference held a few days ago, the leaders of the United States and other western countries trumpeted the "Russian threat theory", which was refuted by developing countries. Colombian Vice President Francesca Marquez said: "We don’t want to continue to discuss who will win or lose the war. We are all losers. " The Financial Times website pointed out that some leaders in African and South American countries were obviously disappointed. They believed that the Ukrainian crisis consumed time, money and attention at the expense of other pressing issues.

　　In fact, developing countries are increasingly dissatisfied with the western-led international order. The Munich Security Report 2023 released by the Mu An Conference pointed out that the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis has brought challenges to the international order, and many Asian, African and Latin American countries have "reasonable dissatisfaction" with the existing international order. Such dissatisfaction needs to be respected and the world needs to reshape the vision of the international order.

　　On June 15th, 2022, local time, in Donbass region, Ukrainian soldiers opened fire on Russian positions on the front line of Donbass region in eastern Ukraine with a French Caesar gun of 155 mm /52 times caliber. Vision china diagram

　　Spillover effects spread all over the world

　　Faced with the double price of tomatoes, rice, eggs and other foods, Egyptian garbage collector Abdarrahman had to find a part-time job at night to support three children; Meria, a small Tunisian farmer, could not afford the surge in the cost caused by the surge in feed prices and had to sell one-third of his livestock to reduce losses; Margit, a Hungarian bread shop owner, watched the natural gas bill rise more than six times and his business was in trouble … … The escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, especially the severe western sanctions against Russia, has had a major impact on the economic and social fields of various countries, and the spillover effect has spread all over the world.

　　On the economic level, the prices of food, energy and other commodities have risen, which has aggravated global inflation. Russia is a major producer of oil and natural gas in the world. Many rounds of western sanctions against Russia interfered with and destroyed the market mechanism, which led to a record high in European natural gas prices. Russia and Ukraine are both major grain exporters, and the conflict has blocked the exports of the two countries. In particular, the western countries set up "hidden barriers" against Russian agricultural products exports, which caused Russian exporters to be "stuck in the neck" in many links, and international food prices fluctuated greatly. According to the data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2022, a total of about 205 million people in 45 countries and regions were in a state of "crisis" or more serious food insecurity, with a significant increase over the previous year. According to the latest data of the International Monetary Fund, the global inflation rate was 8.8% in 2022, much higher than 4.7% in 2021. The inflation rates in the United States, Europe and Japan are all at high points in decades, and the inflation situation in some emerging markets and developing economies such as Turkey and Argentina is even more severe.

　　On the social level, the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis triggered a new wave of refugees, which also aggravated the global poverty problem. Over the past year, millions of refugees have fled Ukraine, forming the largest refugee tide in Europe since World War II, crowding out public resources such as housing, education and medical care in European countries, making the finances of these countries overwhelmed and posing a severe test to their social security and coordination capabilities. From a global perspective, high food prices have the most serious impact on the poorest people in the world. According to the World Bank’s estimation, for every 1% increase in food prices, 10 million people in the world will fall into extreme poverty. The intensification of inflation is also intensifying social contradictions in many countries, and protests and riots caused by the decline in purchasing power occur from time to time.

　　On November 13th, 2022, local time, members of a Ukrainian family were reunited for the first time since Russian troops withdrew from Hellson. Vision china diagram

　　At present, the Ukrainian crisis has no signs of calming down, and the spillover effect on the world economy and society will continue. Georgieva, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said that the Ukrainian crisis was the "biggest negative factor" facing the world economy in 2022, and it may be the same in 2023.

　　劝和促谈方为正道

　　乌克兰危机负载着上世纪冷战遗留的历史问题，凸显当下百年大变局中的复杂博弈。

　　世界又一次站在历史的十字路口。

　　中国对冲突扩大化、长期化感到担忧。一年来，中国始终站在和平一边，站在对话一边，倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，为推动局势降温、尽早实现停火止战和避免人道主义危机作出努力。

　　回顾中方历次表态，劝和促谈始终是关键词，呼吁理性冷静一以贯之。

　　从冲突发生的第二天起，习近平主席就提议通过对话寻求政治解决争端。习近平主席明确指出，冲突战争没有赢家，复杂问题没有简单答案，大国对抗必须避免。他多次同法国、德国、美国等国领导人和欧盟等区域组织负责人通话，清晰阐明在乌克兰问题上的立场主张：“各国主权、领土完整都应该得到尊重，联合国宪章宗旨和原则都应该得到遵守，各国合理安全关切都应该得到重视，一切有利于和平解决危机的努力都应该得到支持”，“要坚持劝和促谈”“要防止出现更大规模人道主义危机”“要构建欧洲和亚欧大陆持久和平”“要防止局部冲突扩大化”。

　　2022年4月，习近平主席提出全球安全倡议，为应对国际安全挑战、实现世界长治久安提出中国方案，在国际上获得广泛认同与支持。日前，中国政府发布《全球安全倡议概念文件》，为解决全球安全难题提供更系统的思路、更可行的举措。

　　巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹·谢里夫说，全球安全倡议倡导协同合作的发展方式，这超越了通过强权竞争与军备竞赛来实现自身安全最大化的零和思维。印尼智库亚洲创新研究中心主席班邦·苏尔约诺表示，不同于某些西方国家片面追求自身安全的思维，中国提出的全球安全倡议追求的是共同安全，是强调和平、合作的安全观，有利于建立相互尊重、平等互信的国际秩序，对人类实现持久和平与长远发展具有重要意义。

　　观察人士指出，人类社会绝不能重走阵营对立、分裂对抗的老路，绝不能陷入零和博弈、战争冲突的陷阱。建设一个更加安全的世界，是各国人民的强烈愿望，是世界各国的共同责任，更是时代前进发展的正确方向。全球安全倡议所倡导的理念主张，所提出的“支持通过对话谈判政治解决乌克兰危机等热点问题”的具体路径，为化解危机、维护世界和平稳定提供了重要指引。