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A batch of new laws and regulations came into effect on March 1st.

　　　 Xinhuanet Beijing, February 29 (Reporter Jia Nan) Since March 1, 2008, a number of new regulations and departmental rules, such as the revised regulations for the implementation of the individual income tax law of the People’s Republic of China and the measures for the administration of central sugar reserves, have been officially implemented, which will have an important impact on the production and life of the public.

　　　 The threshold for personal income tax is raised to 2000 yuan.

　　　 The revised Regulations for the Implementation of the Individual Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China shall come into force on March 1st. The newly revised regulations stipulate that the deduction standard for personal income tax wages and salaries will be raised from 1,600 yuan per month to 2,000 yuan per month. This adjustment not only implements the principle of fair tax burden and reasonable burden, but also reflects the policy intention of taking care of low-and middle-income people.

　　　 The newly revised regulations stipulate that, while the deduction standard for wages and salary income of foreign-related personnel is raised from 1,600 yuan/month to 2,000 yuan/month, the additional deduction standard is adjusted from 3,200 yuan/month to 2,800 yuan/month. In this way, the total deduction standard for foreign-related personnel remains unchanged at 4,800 yuan/month, which not only narrows the gap, but also maintains the continuity of tax policies. At present, the general deduction standard of wages and salaries of foreign-related personnel is higher than that of China citizens in China. The regulations also clarify that the forms of personal income include other forms of economic benefits besides cash, physical objects and securities. For other forms of economic benefits, the taxable income shall be verified with reference to the market price.

　　　 Measures for the administration of central reserve sugar: coping with abnormal market fluctuations caused by unexpected events

　　　 The measures for the administration of central sugar reserves jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce, the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance came into effect on March 1st. The purpose of the method is to ensure that the reserve sugar is used for disaster relief, to ensure that the reserve sugar is true in quantity, qualified in quality and safe in storage, and to be well stored, managed, adjusted and used to effectively play its role.

　　　 The measures stipulate the division of responsibilities of the Ministry of Commerce, the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance in the management of central reserve sugar, stipulate the storage and processing, storage, rotation, storage and utilization, quality and other aspects of central reserve sugar, and set corresponding punishment clauses for those who violate relevant regulations.

　　　 Joint notice of units: standardize the inquiry, freezing and deduction of securities and transaction settlement funds by law enforcement agencies.

　　　 The Notice on Inquiring, Freezing and Deducting Securities and Securities Trading Settlement Funds jointly issued by the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Ministry of Public Security and China Securities Regulatory Commission has been implemented since March 1.

　　　 The circular stipulates that people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs must produce relevant certificates and valid legal documents when inquiring, freezing or deducting securities and securities trading settlement funds; Securities and funds in centralized settlement accounts established by registration and settlement institutions, settlement risk funds and settlement mutual insurance funds collected by registration and settlement institutions, funds in special accounts for capital verification of new share issuance and offline subscription funds accounts, and funds in special deposit accounts for settlement reserve funds opened by registration and settlement institutions in banks shall not be frozen or deducted; The funds in the client’s fund settlement account and the minimum self-operated settlement reserve in the securities company’s self-operated fund settlement account and the funds payable determined according to the transaction results shall not be frozen or deducted; For all kinds of delivery collateral collected by registration and settlement institutions in accordance with business rules, freezing and deduction are exempted before the delivery procedures are completed; The people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs shall freeze the securities for two years, and the funds for securities trading settlement shall be frozen for six months, which will remain for two years and six months at the time of renewal. The circular also stipulates the settlement mechanism for disputes arising from freezing or deduction among the people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs that request freezing or deduction.

　　　 Civil airport fee reform plan: the overall expenditure level of airlines will decline

　　　 CAAC has implemented the reform plan of civil airport charges since March 1st. The main contents of this reform are: classified management of civil airport charges, and airports are divided into class I airports, class II airports, class II airports and class III airports. Civil airport charges are unified into aviation business charges, important non-aviation business charges and other non-aviation business charges. Reform the management mode of civil airport charges, and implement government-guided prices for aviation business charges and important non-aviation business charges. The government will set the benchmark price and floating range, and the airport and airlines will negotiate and determine specific standards within the floating range stipulated by the government; Other charges for non-aviation services are mainly based on market-adjusted prices in principle, and the charging standards for charging items with insufficient market competition will be managed according to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and the pricing catalogue.

　　　 A new scheme of implementing the upper limit standard for mobile roaming charges

　　　 The new scheme of the mobile roaming fee ceiling standard issued by the Ministry of Information Industry and the National Development and Reform Commission has been implemented since March 1st.

　　　 The new scheme stipulates that 0.6 yuan calls every minute and 0.4 yuan calls every minute when roaming. The new scheme combines domestic roaming call charges and domestic long-distance call charges in roaming state; Do not distinguish between post-paid and pre-paid users. In the current tariff scheme, if the domestic roaming call charges (including domestic long-distance call charges under roaming conditions) are higher than the new scheme standards, the telecom enterprises will reduce them according to the above standards; Below the above standards, shall not take the opportunity to raise prices.

　　　 Some local policies and regulations will be implemented on March 1st.

Jiangxi: Accidents in volunteer service can be protected by law.

　　　 According to the regulations on youth volunteer service in Jiangxi Province, when organizing volunteer service activities, youth volunteer organizations should provide safety education to volunteers, provide corresponding personal insurance for volunteers who may endanger their personal safety, and provide timely assistance to volunteers who are accidentally injured in the service process.

Yunnan new regulations: media supervision will become the basis of administrative accountability

　　　 The accountability measures of Yunnan provincial government departments and state and city administrative heads stipulate that the chief executive will be held accountable under 10 circumstances: there are orders that can’t be done, and there are prohibitions; Arbitrary and wrong decision-making; Abuse of power and illegal administration; Procrastination, buck passing; Do not seek progress, mediocrity and inaction; Deceive the superior and deceive the inferior, resort to deceit; Indifferent attitude and rude style; Extravagance, comparison and enjoyment; Black-box operation and evasion of supervision; Poor supervision and improper disposal.

Beijing’s Eleventh Five-Year Environmental Protection Plan will raise vehicle emission standards.

　　Starting from March 1st, Beijing will implement the new motor vehicle emission standards in two stages, formally in line with the developed countries in Europe, and implement the national IV standard equivalent to the Euro IV standard. New cars that fail to meet the standards will stop selling and registering.

A number of new regulations will be implemented in March: the tax threshold will be adjusted to 2,000 yuan per month.

Xinhua All Media+What’s the Five Ones？ Let’s see how the most beautiful workers are tempered.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 30th Question: this five "one" depends on how the most beautiful workers are tempered.

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　Labor creates happiness, and strives to write Chinese chapter. In the arena of life, they carry the pursuit of a better future with small tools, and interpret and carry forward the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit with wisdom and sweat. On the eve of May Day, the reporter approached five of the most beautiful laborers and listened to their initial stories of forging the "most beautiful".

　　A notebook computer: releasing the potential of labor creation

　　"I am lucky to be able to release my labor enthusiasm and creative potential in China’s space industry." When the reporter saw the 23-year-old Hu Xingsheng next to the CNC machine tool of the No.283 Factory of the Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology in China, he had just won this year’s National May 1 Labor Medal.

　　In addition to using traditional old pliers, bolts and wrenches, maintenance workers who maintain CNC machine tools rely more on a notebook computer to troubleshoot port and signal failures.

　　Hu Xingsheng checks faults at work. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　The operation of CNC machine tools requires high precision. In the aspects of geometric accuracy inspection and geometric accuracy compensation, he and his colleagues have conducted thousands of drills to make the machine tool operation more accurate to meet the requirements of workpiece production. Not only that, but in more than a year, he also developed a number of equipment.

　　One of the automatic grinding devices for graphite casing breaks through the existing production bottleneck and improves the production efficiency of unmanned automatic grinding by 80%; The existing manual grease coating method was changed to realize automatic grease coating of bearings, which improved the production efficiency by 200%… …

　　In 2021, he participated in the trial competition of "CNC machine tool assembly and adjustment" project in the seventh national vocational skills competition for employees in Beijing, and won the first place. In the subsequent national competition of the same project, he won the national first prize of the project, the national champion of the event, and won the title of national technical expert. In the competition, he finished the parts processing, and the accuracy error was controlled at 0.02 mm, which is equivalent to one tenth of a hair.

　　"The stage is as big as the heart." Hu Xingsheng said, serve the country with skills and strive to become a higher-level skill leader.

　　A leaky spoon: persistent tempering and concentration

　　Being a good cook, Liu Yang persisted for 18 years.

　　Liu Yang is hanging soup. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　The reporter went to a restaurant in downtown Yuzhong, Chongqing, and the chef Liu Yang was busy preparing a pot of soup. "I have loved cooking since I was a child, and I have tried to cook a pot of soup. Customers think it is delicious and I like it. Time seems to be in the taste of soup. "

　　"A bowl of good soup can warm the stomach of the world", and a colander is his favorite tool. Every day at first light, Liu Yang went to the kitchen, and after several hours of cooking, hundreds of kilograms of water and more than 20 kilograms of beef, with the stirring of the colander, the soup base was clear and bright, and the fragrance was fragrant.

　　Without persistence, it is difficult to temper concentration. He once failed to make soup, so he had to sum up the rules, keep trying and even work all night.

　　Deeply cultivated in soup, but not limited to soup. Liu Yang learns from others’ strengths, captures the trend of experiential consumption, develops a variety of new dishes, and vacuum cooking is the first in its business. He participated in the innovation and improvement of 186 Chongqing Sichuan dishes, which promoted the development of Chongqing food culture.

　　This year, Liu Yang won the National May 1st Labor Medal. He said that diet bears the culture of China, and every dish should be cooked well, so that customers can feel the humanistic power behind the food and the spiritual temperament of the Chinese nation.

　　A microscope: precision in the microscopic world

　　A microscope and a 4-square-meter workbench. The world of precision parts created by Lin Yudeng ranges from the research and development of watch movements to China’s manned spaceflight project.

　　Lin Yudeng makes debugging molds on the workbench. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　Lin Yudeng, 49, is the deputy director and senior technician of the model center of Fujian Shangrun Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., and a national model worker in 2020. From an ordinary die fitter to a master of skills, every day is "dead" with precision.

　　After graduating from technical school, the master in the workshop gave him a ring on the spot, which was exquisite and smooth, as if it were alive, and opened an unprecedented world for Lin Yudeng and his "artisan life".

　　In the world of precision manufacturing, it’s a drop in the bucket. When completing the research and manufacture of CH31 chronograph and seconds movement mold, 108 different sizes and accuracy requirements reached plus or minus 5 microns, and 18 tests were carried out before and after. After three months, Yu Lin Deng and his team finally tackled the problem and broke the foreign monopoly in this field.

　　More than 19,000 truss structural shafts on the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" giant telescope were created by the team of model worker innovation studio led by Lin Yudeng. "Everything is not the same, there is no shortcut, and it is constantly fine-tuned while groping." "Eye of the Sky" was completed, and he was very proud at that moment.

　　For more than 20 years, Lin Yudeng led the team to design and manufacture more than 200 pairs of molds, more than 100 varieties and more than 10,000 mold design drawings … … "It’s great to do one thing well all your life." — — This teaching from the master is often quoted by Lin Yudeng. "As long as simple things are done to the extreme, no matter how small the work is, it can also create a vast world."

　　A flashlight: illuminating the "craftsman’s soul"

　　Holding a flashlight and full of pulp, you often sweat in a high temperature environment of 30 to 40 degrees Celsius.

　　Gu Ancheng judged the pulp color by flashlight irradiation. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　This is the normal work of Gu Ancheng, the winner of the National May 1st Labor Medal in 2022 and the squad leader of Class B production in Qidashan Concentrator of Liaoning Angang Mining Company, as a flotation worker.

　　On average, in each class, Gu ‘an and Chengdu have to go to the sampling point more than a dozen times. Pick up the pulp, carefully check the pulp color with a flashlight, then twist it by hand, feel the particle size of the pulp, analyze the material grade, and finally make records. In 23 years, he has done this action more than 40 thousand times.

　　Under the tempering of time, it is becoming more and more firm, and the "artisan soul" slowly precipitates in repeated fishing, observation and twisting.

　　In 2015, the industrial test of flotation column approved by Angang Mining Company was in the initial stage in the first dressing operation area of Qidashan Concentrator, and the indicators failed to achieve the expected results. Gu Ancheng carefully observed and studied, and put forward measures such as improving equipment operation speed and optimizing ore feeding granularity, and the technical indicators were obviously improved.

　　A small flashlight can accomplish a big dream. For more than 10 years, Gu Ancheng has been honored. For the future, Gu Ancheng has made a good plan. Do not forget your initiative mind, be honest and innovative, and let "ingenuity" pass on from generation to generation.

　　A paintbrush: Draw a happy life of the struggler.

　　A brush, simple outline, clay sculpture seems to be endowed with life, vivid. This is what Zhang Xueyi, a sculpture technician in Licheng County, Shanxi Province, has done for 20 years.

　　Zhang Xueyi is making clay colored sculptures. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　When he was a child, he liked local traditional opera costumes and facial makeup in Licheng. When the opera was left out in the cold, Zhang Xueyi had the idea of making opera masks into clay colored sculptures, "let the opera masks be circulated in the form of handicrafts."

　　At that time, there were six or seven colors of painted pigments on the market, while painting faces needed more than a dozen colors. Zhang Xueyi groped for making pigments, which took him more than two years. When I first started painting, I sat in front of the painting table for more than ten hours every day, and a writing brush often had to be replaced in less than a week. The most important part of drawing a figure is the eyes. He has developed the habit of "staring at others when he meets", and some people tease him if he shows people faces.

　　Persistence will pay off. His clay sculptures with local folk characteristics, such as One Hundred Faces of Shangdang Opera and Li Houhu, have won many awards.

　　Li Hou’s color carving skills were listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Shanxi Province in 2017. As a non-genetic inheritor, he founded a non-legacy technology innovation studio, trained and taught apprentices and employees hand in hand, and started a business with the villagers. Clay colored sculptures are exported, and more people know the local traditional culture of Licheng.

　　This year, Zhang Xueyi won the National May 1st Labor Medal. "Happiness is a struggle!" He said, "Life is like a paintbrush, and the wonderful is in our own hands." (Reporter Tai Sicong, Huang Xing, Wu Jianfeng, Bai Yongquan, Liu Yangtao)

Express： Everyone here may be short of folic acid.

Original DY MedSci Metz

Lead: spoiler of folic acid new consensus.

Medical news today

On September 5th, the conference of "Consensus of Multidisciplinary Experts on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement in China" was successfully held in Beijing. After being checked by authoritative experts, the consensus gives personalized and detailed folic acid supplementation suggestions to the general population and the special population according to different physiological stages.

Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin, which naturally exists in some foods, can also be added to other foods, and can be used as a dietary supplement. "Folic acid" used to be called "folic acid protein", sometimes also called "vitamin B9", which is a general term for naturally occurring food folic acid and folic acid in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Food folic acid is in the form of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), which usually has other glutamic acid residues, making it a polyglutamate. Some dietary supplements also contain 5-methyl -THF (also known as L-5-MTHF, 5-MTHF, L- methyl folic acid or methyl folic acid) in the form of monosodium glutamate.

Folate, wiki

Folic acid helps to form DNA and RNA, and participates in protein metabolism. It plays a key role in the decomposition of homocysteine, which is an amino acid. If the content is too high, it will have harmful effects on human body. Folic acid is also needed to produce healthy red blood cells. Folic acid is very important in the period of rapid human growth, such as pregnancy and fetal development. Therefore, folic acid deficiency is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as neonatal neural tube defects (NTDs), various pregnancy damages (abortion, premature delivery, etc.), hypertension, stroke, abnormal mental behavior and other cognitive disorders.

Who is short of folic acid?

The following situations may increase people’s risk of folic acid deficiency:

1. drinking too much. Alcohol will interfere with the absorption of folic acid and accelerate the decomposition of folic acid. In addition, alcoholics tend to eat inferior diets with low folic acid content, which increases the risk of folic acid deficiency in this group of people.

2. Pregnancy. Because folic acid plays an important role in fetal cell development, the demand for folic acid will increase during pregnancy.

3. Intestinal surgery or digestive system diseases. Surgery involving digestive organs or lowering normal gastric acid levels may affect folic acid absorption. Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease can also reduce the absorption of folic acid. Studies show that about 20%-60% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease suffer from folic acid deficiency.

4. Genetic variation. People with MTHFR gene mutation can not convert folic acid into its active form, which accounts for about 29% of Hispanic population, 10% of Caucasians and Asians, and 1% of African-Americans.

Lack of folic acid may lead to anemia, weakness and fatigue; Irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath; It is difficult to concentrate; Hair loss; Pale skin; Symptoms such as aphtha.

How do the general population supplement folic acid?

In fact, folic acid deficiency is rare, but some people may be in marginal folic acid state. Folic acid can’t be synthesized in the human body and can only be taken from food. For individuals with folic acid deficiency or deficiency, it is first recommended to supplement folic acid with "food therapy" by improving diet structure. The consensus points out that green leafy vegetables, bean products, animal livers, lean meat and egg yolks are good food sources of folic acid, and chicken livers (1172.2μgDFE/100g), amaranth (419.8μgDFE/100g), pig livers, sheep livers and soybeans are rich in folic acid. Foods with folic acid content ≥ 120 gdfe/100g (solid) or 60μgDFE/100g (liquid) are "high or rich in folic acid", and foods with folic acid content or folic acid source are half. However, if the absorption and utilization rate of natural food is low, the general population should also take measures such as folic acid supplement or fortified food, and the effective and safe dose is 0.4-1mg per day.

Photographing network

However, it should be noted that long-term large-dose (> 1 mg) folic acid supplementation may cause health risks. Studies have shown that taking more folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency most often occurs in the elderly or people who eat vegetarian food, among which B12 deficiency is more common. Folic acid and B12 are both involved in the production of red blood cells, and the shortage of either will lead to anemia. People who take high-dose folic acid supplements may correct anemia and feel better, but B12 deficiency still exists. In this case, if high folic acid intake continues to "mask" the symptoms of B12 deficiency for a long time, it may cause slow but irreversible damage to the brain and nervous system. In addition, long-term folic acid overdose also has the effects of increasing cancer risk, aggravating neurodegenerative diseases, affecting zinc absorption and reducing immunity. Therefore, it is suggested that if natural folic acid is still available every day, folic acid supplements should not be used more than 400μg per day.

How do special people supplement folic acid?

Pregnant women (including pregnant women)

During pregnancy, folic acid demand will increase due to nucleic acid synthesis. Folic acid deficiency during perinatal period will increase the risk of NTDs, leading to birth defects of fetal spine (spina bifida) and brain (anencephaly). Fifty years ago, no one knew what caused these birth defects. Later, two large trials randomly assigned women to take folic acid or placebo, showing that too little folic acid would increase the birth probability of deformed babies, and getting enough folic acid could greatly reduce this incidence.

In addition, folic acid deficiency during pregnancy may also increase the risk of abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, autism spectrum disorder’s offspring and other diseases.

At present, folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age is a basic policy in China. The incidence of NTDs in China decreased from 27.4/ 10,000 in 1987 to 1.5/ 10,000 in 2017, a decrease of 94.5%.

The blood folic acid level of rural women in northern China is low. The research results show that this group of people can reach the level of preventing NTDs by taking folic acid 0.4mg/d for at least three months. In addition, many studies suggest that increasing dietary folic acid intake can also reduce the risk of NTDs by about 30%-60%.

Therefore, it is suggested by consensus that women should try their best to take food supplements during pregnancy preparation and early pregnancy, and women in the middle and late pregnancy and lactation can take food supplements and folic acid supplements. It is suggested to supplement folic acid 0.4mg/d or 0.8mg/d from the possible pregnancy or at least 3 months before pregnancy until the third month of pregnancy. The intake of folic acid in the second and third trimester of pregnancy should reach 600 gdfe/d, and it is suggested to supplement folic acid with 400 gdfe/d in addition to food supplement. It is recommended to take 550 gdfe/d folic acid during lactation, and it is recommended to supplement 350 gdfe/d folic acid in addition to food supplement. Personalized supplements are needed for people who live in the north, eat less vegetables and fruits, and have low blood folic acid levels. For women with NTDs reproductive history, diseases such as diabetes, and TT genotype at MTHFR677 locus, the consensus also made tailor-made suggestions.

Cardiovascular disease

The increase of Hcy level caused by folic acid deficiency is considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Folic acid deficiency Several large-scale randomized trials of B vitamin supplements to reduce homocysteine levels and prevent heart disease and stroke have not found the benefits of folic acid supplementation. These trials have a similar design: adults with a history of heart disease or stroke or at high risk of heart disease are given pills or placebos containing high doses of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid. Studies have found that taking high doses of three B vitamins can reduce the level of homocysteine, but it does not lead to a decrease in coronary heart disease events.

However, looking at cardiovascular diseases as a whole may mask the potential benefits of at least one B vitamin, and it may be too late to study people with advanced vascular diseases. An analysis of several studies shows that folic acid supplements can reduce the risk of stroke in people who have not yet had a stroke, but they cannot reduce the risk of a second stroke in people who have already had a stroke.

Effect of folic acid supplementation on stroke risk in preset subgroups

Therefore, it is not recommended to use folic acid to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but folic acid supplementation is recommended for cardiovascular high-risk groups and hypertensive patients with HHcy to reduce Hcy levels. In order to reduce the risk of the first stroke, folic acid monotherapy or fixed compound preparation containing folic acid can be used for patients with HHcy with hypertension. Taking 0.8mg folic acid combined with vitamin B12 daily can achieve the best effect of reducing Hcy.

Neurobehavioral disorders

1. autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by difficulties in communication and interaction with others, limited interests and repetitive behaviors. More and more evidence shows that folic acid supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of ASD or reduce the increase of ASD risk caused by prenatal exposure to certain drugs and toxic chemicals. The mechanism of these potential benefits is not clear, but it may be related to the role of folic acid in DNA methylation, which in turn will affect neural development.

Some (but not all) observational studies show that there is a correlation between the use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements by pregnant women before and/or during pregnancy and the lower risk of ASD in female offspring. A case-control cohort study of 45,300 Israeli children in 2018 showed that the risk of ASD in children was significantly reduced when mothers took folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements before and/or during pregnancy.

Up to now, the evidence shows that there may be a negative correlation between folic acid intake of mothers during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in their offspring, but there is no evidence to support it in large-scale clinical studies. In addition, some studies believe that children with ASD also have different degrees of abnormal folic acid metabolism due to bad eating behavior, so not exceeding folic acid in these children may be beneficial to the treatment of ASD, but there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, it is recommended that women of childbearing age should be supplemented with 0.8mg/d regularly to reduce the risk of ASD in their offspring.

2. Depression

Nowadays, depressive disorder has become the second disease in China, with a prevalence rate of 3.02%, ranking first in the total burden of various mental diseases. Some studies have shown that folic acid deficiency is related to depression and low response to antidepressants. The mechanism may be related to the involvement of folic acid in the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain. In addition, HHcy is related to depression, and folic acid can degrade Hcy.

In a racial diversity study of 2948 Americans aged 15-39, the concentration of folic acid in serum and red blood cells of patients with severe depression was significantly lower than that of patients who had never suffered from depression. Some clinical studies have shown positive results about whether folic acid supplementation may help depression when used with traditional antidepressants. In addition, the guidelines for the treatment of depression revised by the British Psychopharmacology Association in 2015 and the Canadian network for the treatment of depression and anxiety both recommended folic acid as a supplement to the treatment of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression. Therefore, the consensus is that folic acid deficiency is related to depression, and low folic acid level is related to low response of antidepressants. It is recommended that patients with depression should be supplemented with folic acid reasonably on the basis of antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the recommended dose is 0.5-2.5 mg/d.

Cognitive dysfunction

Statistics show that there are 178 million elderly people over 60 years old in China, accounting for about 13% of the total population. There are about 50 million people with dementia and cognitive impairment, and the social burden is huge. Most observational studies conducted so far show that there is a positive correlation between HHcy and the incidence of dementia. Scientists hypothesize that the increase of homocysteine level may have negative effects on the brain through various mechanisms, including the death of neurons caused by cerebrovascular ischemia, abnormal deposition of tau kinase activation and inhibition of methylation reaction.

A Dutch study involving 818 subjects aged 50-70 years showed that folic acid supplementation could reduce Hcy concentration by 26%. Although the cognitive function of subjects declined with age, the folic acid group was superior to the placebo group in memory, information processing speed and sensory motor speed.

Although folic acid supplementation can effectively reduce the level of Hcy, and hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for dementia, based on the current evidence-based medical evidence, it cannot be considered that folic acid supplementation can significantly improve cognitive function. Therefore, the consensus points out that people with cognitive impairment should not advocate long-term use of folic acid without evidence of folic acid deficiency. For those with folic acid deficiency, folic acid 0.8 mg/d can be supplemented (grade C evidence).

kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to Hcy excretion disorder, and dietary restriction in such patients can also increase the risk of folic acid deficiency. Can folic acid supplementation delay the progress of CKD? China’s CSPPT study pointed out that compared with simple antihypertensive therapy, folic acid supplementation of 0.8mg/d can reduce the progress of CKD. But foreign studies show negative results. It is speculated that the difference of research conclusions may be related to the different baseline folic acid levels, that is to say, fortified foods have not been used to supplement folic acid in China, so folic acid supplementation may be beneficial to delay the progression of nephropathy for people with low baseline folic acid levels.

The consensus suggests that folic acid should not be routinely used to delay the progress of CKD, but folic acid supplementation (0.8mg/d) should be considered for patients with folic acid deficiency.

In addition, in the field of cancer, some epidemiological studies show that folic acid intake (or status) is inversely related to colorectal cancer and lung cancer. The exact nature of folic acid on carcinogenesis has not been established, but scientists speculate that folic acid may affect cancer development through its role in carbon metabolism, DNA replication and cell division. Evidence also shows that folic acid may play a dual role in the occurrence and development of cancer. That is to say, folic acid may inhibit some types of cancer in the early stage of development, and taking large doses of folic acid after the establishment of precancerous lesions may promote the development and progress of cancer. We need more research to fully understand how folic acid in diet and folic acid supplementation affect cancer risk, and whether their effects vary with exposure time.

In a word, folic acid is firmly listed in the World Health Organization standard list of essential drugs, and it is one of the most effective and safe drugs needed in the basic public health system. The application of folic acid has achieved great success in improving neonatal malformation, and its application prospect in other fields and disciplines is also very promising. With the deepening of future research, scientists will also find and solve more problems and set more precise guidance for personalized folic acid use.

Note: The content of this article is only for promoting consensus and popular science, and it is not intended to provide personal medical advice.

references

1.Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation.DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199212243272602.

2.Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90133-A.

3.Effects of Homocysteine-Lowering With Folic Acid Plus Vitamin B12 vs Placebo on Mortality and Major Morbidity in Myocardial Infarction Survivors.doi:10.1001/jama.2010.840.

4.B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70187-3.

5.Efficacy of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid in Stroke Prevention.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573410.

6.Association of Maternal Use of Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplements in the Periods Before and During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring.JAMA Psychiatry. 2018; 75(2):176-184. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4050.

7.Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60109-3.

8. Information on the conference of China Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement.

Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report

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How did Ziguangge, a century-old shop, sell waste oil？

　　CCTV News:These days, the hip-hop singer PG One has been criticized by Ziguangge, the official website of the Communist Youth League Central Committee, People’s Daily, CCTV News and other authoritative organizations because there are a lot of negative factors in her lyrics. Among them, Ziguangge even issued three Weibo articles in succession, criticizing PG One for drug-related, vulgar music and insulting women.

　　Screenshot of Weibo Hot Search List

　　Screenshot of PG One fan group chat circulating on the Internet (authenticity to be tested)

　　On January 7th, it was revealed in Weibo that PG One fans mistakenly thought that Ziguangge was a hotel official micro, and they suspected that the hot search topic "Ziguangge gutter oil" wanted to destroy it. At the same time, searching for "Ziguangge" in Weibo, besides the first-ranked gutter oil, other topics include "selling incense burners", "marketing numbers" and "restaurants".

　　After the "Ziguangge Waste Oil" was listed, Ziguangge Guanwei publicly responded in a humorous tone. "# Ziguangge Waste Oil # was hot searched? How to deal with this negative public opinion? The purple baby can only hide in the Ziguangge Hotel in the downstairs canteen and tremble. "

　　According to the certification data of Ziguangge in Weibo, Ziguangge is a Weibo established by Ziguangge magazine of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China State Organs Working Committee, which is an important party magazine of the State Council system. Obviously, as an authoritative media, Ziguangge has nothing to do with hotels.

　　The reply from the official of Ziguangge, Microcomputer Zhi, triggered a network carnival. The major officials "practiced the party’s mass line education and practice activities, and truly came from the masses, went to the masses, and became one with the people!"

　　According to media reports, hot search in Weibo has become an industrial chain, with the top three quotes in the hot search list ranging from 50,000 to 60,000 yuan. This further strengthens the suspicion that PG One fans buy hot search black Ziguangge. Some netizens even broke the news that PG One fans are launching crowdfunding, and each 50 yuan is preparing for the next round of action.

　　The behavior of PG One fans suspected of buying hot search has attracted a lot of criticism, and netizens have accused fans of being distorted and losing their minds. Some netizens pointed out: "Everyone criticized PG One because they were worried that he would bring bad young people. Fans of PG One proved to the central media with practical actions that PG One did bring bad young people."

　　However, the incident began to reverse on the afternoon of the 8 th. In response to the hot search behavior, Weibo officially responded publicly, saying "‘ Ziguangge waste oil ’ I didn’t go to the hot search list yesterday! " Weibo said that the word began to be searched by users at 19:30 on the 7th. In the normal search volume, only 3.26% of users paid attention to "Honghuahui PG_ONE", and the rest were enthusiastic participants of a large number of (onlookers) users, which led to the continuous rise of the popularity. It was displayed in the "real-time rising hotspot" at 20:42 and lasted for more than ten minutes. However, due to the lack of search volume, it failed to board the website. In other words, the "hot search list" of netizens’ screenshots is not the top "hot search list", but a "real-time rising hot spot", because the participation of onlookers led to an increase in heat, and later it did not go to the real hot search list.

　　Weibo’s official response proves that the hot search on "Ziguangge Waste Oil" is not driven by PG One fans, but is caused by onlookers.

　　In addition, Weibo also said that there are indeed promotions and advertisements on the hot search list, and advertisements are displayed with the word "recommendation" on the right side of the list. However, "Ziguangge gutter oil" cannot be purchased as a hot word. "Advertising also has a review mechanism, and it can only be used if it is legal and compliant."

　　This practice of setting up a target and then criticizing it has naturally aroused the resentment of some netizens. Netizens began to reflect on the attack on PG One fans:

　　In fact, if you only attack your own vertical target, it will only make the supporter more determined and attract some resentment from the neutral party. It is said that there is a way to whitewash the pink circle, that is, fans themselves add a little false black material and then overthrow it, which will make people who don’t know the truth think that all these black materials are false. This situation must not be what the masses of onlookers want to see.

　　However, although the "Ziguangge gutter oil" incident is just the entertainment of onlookers, idolize, whose fans are blind and irrational, is still worthy of attention. From the "seeking for a hammer" of Joker Xue fans to the blind maintenance of PG One fans, the reality has proved that idolize, who is irrational, can not only help idols, but also harm idols and even lead the fire to himself. When our favorite idol does something wrong, we should support him to bear the due price, and then believe that he will turn over a new leaf instead of desperately defending him.

　　Bacon said, "People think that their reason dominates words, but sometimes words dominate reason." Blind powder and brainless black are not desirable. Don’t give up the bottom line because of love or disgust! (Text/Huang Zuochun)

Hit the water in the middle stream： artistic representation and innovation of party history

　　To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a major revolutionary historical TV series "Hit the Water in the Middle Stream" highlights the great initiative, struggle and dedication of communist party people, and focuses on the purity of communist party people’s initial heart, the truth of doctrine, the firmness of faith and the beauty of personality. The play was produced by the Central Radio and Television General Station, produced by the TV Drama Documentary Center of the General Station and produced by China TV Drama Production Center Co., Ltd. After it was broadcast in the prime time of CCTV’s comprehensive channel at the main station, it triggered a hot discussion in the society and the communication effect was obvious. According to the data of CSM national network, the highest viewing share of "Mid-stream Hit Water" is 3.32%. On the platform of Iqiyi, "Mid-stream Hit Water" ranked third in the hot list of historical dramas. The audience and netizens have a good reputation and are known as "the pathfinding journey of revolutionary pioneers and a vivid teaching material for learning the history of the party." Analysis of its reasons, in addition to the grand structure, well-made, rich characters, there are many internal inevitable factors.

　　First, aim high and focus on the initial heart.

　　No great cause can be short of ideals and beliefs that run through it. The Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people from poverty and weakness to prosperity and strength, fulfilling the dream of several generations of China people since 1840 — — National independence, national prosperity and people’s happiness. The core of communist party’s success is, as always, to practice the concept of "seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation". Focusing on this concept, Midstream Hit the Water uses a variety of innovative artistic expressions to show the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-long glorious course from birth, development to continuous growth, leading the people of China to forge ahead courageously.

　　Looking at "Hit the Water in the Middle Stream", people can see that the Communist Party of China (CPC) people not only inherited and developed Marxism, but also constantly strengthened and sublimated their "initial heart". "Do not forget your initiative mind" is an important proposition put forward by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the new era, but this proposition is by no means abstract. It is rooted in every party member’s life choices and actions. From this theme work, we can see that it is also rooted in the daily work and life of TV and literary and art workers. Only by abandoning snobbery can we aim high; Only the initial resonance can resonate. Because of its accurate position and high vision, it is vivid and tough, and full of strong appeal. It not only provides rich spiritual and cultural food for the people, but also consolidates the dominant position of socialist culture in silence.

　　Second, artistic creation, the courage to innovate

　　Successful TV dramas with revolutionary historical themes must be derived from and loyal to history, but they must transcend history and sublimate their spirit, and make moderate artistic creation on the basis of reality, which just reflects the artistic accomplishment and political height of the creative team.

　　Red revolutionaries can be seen in every episode of "Hit the Water in the Middle Stream". In many chapters describing revolutionary figures, there are many plots that increase the emotional color of the creative team. On the basis of respecting history, many unknown storylines are excavated and the psychological descriptions of the creators are superimposed. For example, when Mao Zedong saw the Chinese version of the communist party Declaration for the first time, he was so excited that he couldn’t sleep at night. When he saw the wonderful place, he couldn’t help stamping his feet and praising it, which affected the sleep of the downstairs tenants several times. This interpretation depicts the pure passion of devout revolutionaries and the ecstasy when they see the way forward, which has strong political vitality and artistic appeal.

　　Hit the water in the middle stream presents the historical essence to the audience artistically, and realizes the dialectical unity of "historical truth" and "artistic fiction" Under the narrative principle of "big things are not empty, small things are not limited", the innovative media products systematically sort out the timeline of historical events, and the plot is full of chronological texture. For example, many historical events such as the diplomatic failure of the Paris Peace Conference, the May 4th Movement and the Zhang-Zhang Movement were successively restored, among which a series of events such as progressive students studying in France, the establishment of the Enlightenment Society by Zhou Enlai, Li Dazhao’s dispute with Hu Shi, and Yang Changji’s death were interspersed. Many audiences were moved by the vivid portrayal in the play, and sincerely commented that "this play can be said to have summed up that period of history in an all-round way", "the stories of revolutionary ancestors are worth understanding, and the TV series truly reflects the original appearance of history" and "there are many events without chaos, as if they were brought into the historical situation". Such historical re-creation, from the creator himself, is a sublimation and improvement again and again; For the audience, it can more easily arouse emotional resonance, thus enhancing the communication effectiveness of the main melody melody literary works and creating a spiritual atmosphere of strong confidence, warmth and gathering people’s hearts.

　　Third, see the big from the small, and moisten things silently

　　How to tell a good story about major revolutionary history is a realistic proposition faced by the propaganda ideological and cultural front, and it is also an innovative topic that the majority of creators must keep up with the changes of the times. In a revolutionary historical drama, it is not easy to keep pace with thoughts and stories, and the details and connotations complement each other.

　　Hit the water in the middle stream blends sublimity with daily life, mission with human nature, and moistens the ideal of the red revolution and the indomitable and down-to-earth spirit of struggle with silent artistic means. Starting from a small place and setting off the lofty revolutionary ideal with simple and touching details, the play can not only deeply impress the ordinary audience, but also make people sincerely pay high respect to the leaders. The main characters in the film are not only ambitious and self-sacrificing talents for saving the country, but also good sons and daughters of China with flesh and blood, affection and righteousness. For example, Yang Changji, as a modern ethicist and educator who accepted the dual influence of Confucian traditional culture and western culture, can be said to be a very discerning Bole. He once predicted: "Mao Ersheng and Cai Ersheng will inevitably be the pillars of China in the future." His thoughts and personality had a profound influence on Mao Zedong. Yang Changji died, and Mao Zedong, as a revolutionary who was concerned about the country and people, made a wreath of snow to pay homage to his father-in-law. This seemingly ordinary scene has made countless people cry. It is these well-intentioned artistic designs that vividly depict the touching images of the party’s leaders and predecessors "seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation", and prove from the depths of human nature that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has strong vitality and continues to be supported by the people.

　　"Hit the water in the middle stream" is a representative of the outstanding works of the main theme that stimulates positive energy and promotes truth, goodness and beauty, and has realistic value and historical influence that cannot be underestimated. The times change and the spirit is eternal. It is more and more excellent works like this that convey the accumulation and nutrition of the Red Revolution to the broad audience silently, which not only plays an important role in ideological education, but also provides a vivid creative model for propaganda and ideological front. (Tang Jinggang)

The US Defense Secretary visited Israel and said that the war will transition to the next stage, from ＂large-scale fighting to low-intensity conflict.＂

Israeli Defense Minister galante said in Tel Aviv on the 18th that the Israeli army’s operations in the Gaza Strip will gradually transition to the next stage.

It is reported that US Defense Secretary Austin visited Israel on the same day and met with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and galante to discuss the situation in the Gaza Strip.

At a joint press conference after his talks with galante, Austin said that he had discussed with Israeli Defense Minister galante how to reduce the harm to civilians, and mentioned that the war would transition from "large-scale fighting to low-intensity conflict". "Any campaign will have several stages, and we will continue to urge (Israel) to protect civilians during the conflict and increase humanitarian assistance into Gaza."

Galante said that the Israeli army will continue to carry out operations with different intensities according to the situation in the Gaza Strip, and will soon be able to distinguish different regions. In "every region where we complete our mission", we will gradually transition to the next stage. The northern Gaza Strip may achieve this goal faster than the southern Gaza Strip.

In addition, some American officials predict that Israel may gradually adopt a low-intensity and localized war strategy before January next year, including targeting specific Hamas militants and leaders.

Some analysts said that Austin’s visit can be called "a delicate balancing act". Because Netanyahu’s violent bombing of Gaza has triggered strong global protests and ceasefires, Biden’s government is facing increasing pressure at home and abroad. However, when meeting with Netanyahu, Austin stressed that the United States will continue to provide Israel with military assistance such as ammunition, vehicles and air defense systems.

Wen Hao reporter leng Shuang
Tuqi foreign media