标签： 上海后花园论坛网

Seeking Truth： Persisting in liberating and developing productive forces is a distinctive feature of China’s reform and opening up.

　　In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements and accumulated valuable experience. Among them, it is one of the most important experiences to insist on liberating and developing productive forces, which has become a distinctive feature of China’s reform and opening up.

　　First, the liberation and development of productive forces is the essential requirement of socialism.

　　The basic task of socialism is to develop productive forces, and Marxist classical writers have long put forward a clear view. In the communist party Declaration, Marx and Engels pointed out that after the proletariat gained political power and concentrated all its capital in its own hands, it was necessary to "increase the total productivity as soon as possible". Classical Marxist writers’ basic view that the fundamental task of socialism is to develop productive forces is based on historical materialism. Historical materialism holds that the development of human society is regular, that is, productivity determines the relations of production and economic base determines the superstructure. Among them, productivity is the most revolutionary and active factor, and production relations must adapt to the development of productivity; At the same time, the relations of production have a negative effect on the productive forces and the superstructure on the economic base, which will promote the development of productive forces when adapting, and hinder the development of productive forces when not adapting. Human society is constantly advancing under the action of such basic contradictions.

　　Taking the liberation and development of productive forces as the fundamental task is a major theoretical and practical topic put forward by China’s socialist development. The establishment of the socialist system has laid a fundamental institutional foundation for the liberation and development of productive forces. Great achievements have been made in socialist construction before China’s reform and opening up, but the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure has not been reasonably resolved, and the development of productive forces has been restricted, which has affected the full play of the superiority of the socialist system. How to liberate and develop the productive forces is a major issue to be solved urgently.

　　The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party started the historical journey of reform and opening up, and the primary task was to liberate and develop productive forces. Taking the liberation and development of productive forces as the primary task of China’s reform and opening up, in addition to following the general laws revealed by historical materialism, is also determined by the following special factors: First, this is the requirement of the essence of socialism. Only by vigorously developing the productive forces can the material wealth of the society be continuously increased and the common prosperity and all-round development of all the people become a reality. Secondly, it is determined by the primary stage of socialism and its main contradictions. China is and will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the unbalanced development of productive forces is the main aspect of social contradictions. Only by liberating and developing productive forces can the main social contradictions be gradually solved. Thirdly, it is determined by the grand goal of "two hundred years". The development of productive forces is the ultimate force to promote economic and social development. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is impossible without the high development of productive forces. Finally, it is determined by the lofty ideal of finally realizing communism. Lenin once pointed out: "Labor productivity, in the final analysis, is the most important thing to make the new social system win." If the socialist system wants to give play to its greater superiority than the capitalist system and move towards the lofty goal of communism, it must further accelerate the development of productive forces.

　　In a word, the key to solving all problems in our country is to rely on the development of productive forces. Whether it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries and improving people’s living standards is the starting point and the end result of all problems in China’s planning of reform, opening up and modernization, and it is also the fundamental criterion for testing the success of all reform measures.

　　Two, adhere to the liberation and development of productive forces is an important experience of the success of reform and opening up.

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, around the fundamental task of liberating and developing the productive forces, our party has comprehensively deepened reform, continuously expanded opening up, concentrated the wisdom of the whole party and society to the maximum, mobilized all positive factors to the maximum, and broke through the shackles of ideas and ideas and the barriers of solidified interests, thus greatly promoting the development of productive forces.

　　Reform ownership and establish a basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. The liberation and development of productive forces must be guaranteed by the basic economic system. Capitalist private ownership has finally become the shackles of productivity development because it does not meet the development requirements of production socialization; The reason why the single public ownership does not give full play to the superiority of the socialist system is because it is divorced from the development of productive forces in the primary stage of socialism in China. Since the reform and opening up, starting from the greatest reality in the primary stage of socialism and centering on the fundamental task of liberating and developing productive forces, we have carried out reforms in the field of ownership and property rights system, abandoned the single public ownership model, and innovatively formed a basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. On this basis, we should actively explore the realization forms of the basic economic system, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, and develop diversified ownership economies and mixed ownership economies, thus greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of various ownership economies and making all sources of promoting the development of productive forces and creating social wealth fully flow in.

　　Reform the economic system, establish and constantly improve the socialist market economic system. Market economy plays a joint role of price mechanism, supply and demand mechanism and competition mechanism. Although it is spontaneous and blind, it is generally conducive to the effective allocation of resources. The bourgeoisie once used this form, "in its less than one hundred years of class rule, it created more productive forces than all the productive forces created by all generations in the past, even greater." Since the reform and opening up, after repeated exploration, we have taken the establishment of a socialist market economic system as the direction and goal of economic system reform, making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, giving better play to the role of the government, and realizing the effective combination of the market economy and the socialist system, thus providing institutional and institutional guarantees for the development of productive forces and greatly promoting the development of productive forces.

　　Reform the distribution system and establish a distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple distribution methods coexisting. Man is the most active factor in productive forces, and the scientific distribution system can fully mobilize people’s enthusiasm, while the unreasonable distribution system will dampen people’s enthusiasm. Distribution according to capital will inevitably lead to polarization between the rich and the poor and constrain the development of productive forces; The egalitarian distribution affects the enthusiasm of workers and is not conducive to the development of productive forces. Since the reform and opening up, around the liberation and development of productive forces, we have carried out reforms in the field of distribution, established a distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, implemented the principle of distribution according to work, improved the system and mechanism of distribution according to production factors, and given consideration to efficiency and fairness, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of operators and workers and provided a guarantee for the distribution system for the liberation and development of productive forces.

　　Innovate the concept of development and implement a major development strategy to promote the development of productive forces. Since the reform and opening up, around the fundamental task of liberating and developing the productive forces, our party has been exploring continuously, formed important ideas of promoting the development of the productive forces, such as people-centered, science and technology being the primary productive force, and implemented major development strategies such as rejuvenating the country through science and education, innovation-driven development and sustainable development. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward a new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, which has achieved a profound change and major innovation in our party’s development concept. Under the guidance of the new development concept, our party takes the supply-side structural reform as the main line to promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development; Building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality economic development; Insist on promoting the coordination of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and implement major strategies such as rural revitalization, coordinated regional development and integration of defense and civilian technologies development; Innovating macro-control methods, resolutely fighting the tough battles of preventing and resolving major risks, accurately getting rid of poverty, and preventing and controlling pollution have promoted the development of productive forces step by step.

　　Continue to open wider to the outside world and make good use of the international and domestic markets and resources. Opening-up can promote reform, development and economic and social progress. Since the reform and opening up, our party has persisted in continuously expanding its opening up, actively participated in and promoted the process of economic globalization, from the establishment of special economic zones to the establishment of free trade pilot zones, and from coastal opening up to all-round opening up, which has greatly promoted the development of productive forces. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have persisted in developing an open economy at a higher level, focused on the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, paid equal attention to bringing in and going abroad, strengthened open cooperation in innovation capacity, optimized regional open layout, innovated foreign investment methods, promoted international cooperation in production capacity, formed a global trade, investment and financing, production and service network, and accelerated the cultivation of new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition, thus achieving unprecedented development in productivity.

　　Third, further emancipate and develop productive forces by comprehensively deepening reform and opening up.

　　There is no end to the development of productive forces, and there is no end to reform and opening up. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. However, there are still many problems of insufficient imbalance in China’s development. For example, some core technologies are still controlled by people, long-term structural contradictions and extensive growth patterns have not been fundamentally changed, and institutional and institutional obstacles affecting the development of productive forces still exist, and so on. The "anti-globalization" trend in the process of world economic development and the trade war provoked by the United States have increased the external environmental risks and uncertainties of China’s development. In the face of new situations and challenges, we must unswervingly follow the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, unswervingly deepen reform and open wider to the outside world, and consistently regard the liberation and development of productive forces as the fundamental task of China’s reform and development.

　　Accelerate the innovation-driven development strategy. Strengthening innovation and developing new kinetic energy is the proper meaning of supply-side structural reform and the key task at this stage. Science and technology are the concentrated expression and main symbol of advanced productive forces. To speed up the development of productive forces, we must speed up the development of science and technology. We should pay attention to combining the superiority of China’s socialist system with the mastery, application and development of advanced science and technology, vigorously promote scientific and technological progress and innovation, constantly transform and improve the national economy with advanced science and technology, and strive to achieve a new leap in the development of China’s productive forces. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is ready to go, and scientific and technological progress is increasingly becoming the decisive factor of economic development. We must accelerate the innovation-driven development strategy, make up for the shortcomings of innovation, get rid of all the shortcomings of institutional mechanisms that hinder innovation and development, and enhance the country’s scientific and technological strength and its ability to transform into real productive forces.

　　Intensify reform in key and difficult areas. To further emancipate and develop productive forces, we must deepen the reform in key areas from a higher starting point, study and launch a number of effective and significant reform measures, continuously enhance the traction role of reform, and fully stimulate the vitality of development and innovation. It is necessary to deepen the market supervision reform, further promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, fully implement a unified national market access system, and promote the implementation of key reform tasks such as "Internet+government services". Deepen enterprise reform, further deepen the reform of state-owned assets of state-owned enterprises, further encourage, support, guide and protect the reform and development of the private economy, continuously reduce the burden on enterprises, reduce their costs, and stimulate and protect entrepreneurship. To deepen the reform in the macro field, fiscal policy should play a greater role in expanding domestic demand and structural adjustment, and the money supply should maintain a reasonable and abundant liquidity, better combine preventing and resolving financial risks with serving the real economy, and improve the ability of financial services to the real economy. Deepen the reform in the distribution field, solve the problem of widening income gap, do a good job in ensuring people’s livelihood, put stable employment in a more prominent position, and strengthen poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas.

　　Accelerate the implementation of major measures to open to the outside world. It is a strategic choice for China to develop itself and benefit the world to continue to promote high-level opening up and form a new pattern of all-round opening up. It is necessary to promote the in-depth development of the "One Belt, One Road" and strengthen policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support with relevant countries. Create a more attractive environment for foreign investment, further open the service industry on the basis of actively relaxing market access and expanding imports, implement major measures to relax market access, and strengthen intellectual property protection. Promote the construction of a higher-level free trade pilot zone, give it greater autonomy in reform, and promote a higher level of reform and opening up with the construction of a free trade zone. Actively and steadily promote foreign investment, persist in making good use of two markets and two resources, innovate foreign investment methods, and continue to support qualified enterprises to go global.

　　(Author: Professor Feng Jinju, Political Economy Research Center, Nankai University)

India has been hit by severe floods, and Brahmins would rather die than be rescued by Christian fishermen.

[Observer Network Comprehensive Report] Kerala, India, suffered a "once in a hundred years" flood. Since the end of May and the beginning of June, the number of victims has exceeded 300, and tens of thousands of people have been displaced.

In the face of this cruel flood, a group of fishermen spontaneously joined the rescue team. Although most people welcomed the fishermen heroically, some people exposed the discrimination between caste and religion.

According to a report by CNN on the 21st, these fishermen loaded their boats on trucks and went to towns and villages in Kerala with a water depth of more than 3m to rescue people who climbed tall buildings and waited for help.

Indian fishermen transport victims by boat. Photo from "India Today"

Marion George, a 47-year-old fisherman, participated in the rescue in Quilon last Friday, and 17 people in one family were trapped.

When he told the family that he had come to help them, the other party asked his religious belief, "Isn’t this a Christian ship?"

After George identified himself as a Christian, the family from Brahman, the highest caste in Hinduism, refused to board the boat.. According to the report,Although they were desperate in the face of the flood, they waved to George to leave and refused to go near him.

Five hours later, George returned to the block and saw the family calling for help just now.

When he docked the boat to prepare for rescue, the group told him again,Only when George doesn’t have physical contact with them, do they want to get on the boat.

Christian fisherman George from CNN

“Usually, that’s their attitude, and we thought they would change in this case., "said George.

According to George’s estimation, he rescued 150 people in two days until his ship was damaged beyond rescue.

CNN interviewed several other fishermen who participated in the rescue. They also said that when they wanted to help, some victims insulted them or didn’t trust them at all.

Fisherman Arun Michael saw the disaster on the news last Wednesday, and the next morning he took his boat with three others to the disaster area. They evacuated more than 1,500 people in three days.

Fisherman Michael and his daughter from CNN

Among them, some victims asked them to bring their dogs on board first, and then go up by themselves. Others refused to leave their homes. "They are arrogant and just want us to give them food."

Others refused to help because they were worried that their property would be looted after leaving home.

Despite this, Michael insisted on saving people. "Anyone may encounter a flood. If something happens in the future, we hope we can get help."

According to the Kerala government,More than 2,800 fishermen participated in the rescue work. The government has announced that it will pay each fisherman 3,000 rupees (about 294 yuan) as compensation for the damage of his ship.

Poor female college students helped three students sell waste paper and distribute leaflets, and donated 20,000 yuan for three years.

　　Lisa Tang is finishing her and her classmates’ designs.

　　In mid-May, the scorching summer is approaching. Vivi, Zhong Qian and Hai Kuo (both pseudonyms), junior three students of Longxi Middle School in Dazu District, Chongqing, are sitting at their desks, holding their pens tightly, making a final sprint for the senior high school entrance examination which is coming in less than a month.

　　These three 14-and 15-year-old children have three things in common, one is excellent grades, the other is poor families, and the third is that they all finished junior high school with the support of Sister Sha.

　　What they know is that "Sister Sally" is Lisa Tang, who is now a junior in chengdu normal university and studying painting. From the first day of junior high school, they received the living expenses remitted by Sister Sally and the new clothes and nutrition from them irregularly, with a total amount of nearly 20,000 yuan.

　　But what they don’t know is that Sister Sha’s family is as poor as theirs. What they don’t know is that in order to support themselves and ensure their living expenses, Sister Sha has taken more than ten part-time jobs: polishing shoes, selling waste paper, distributing leaflets and working as a teaching assistant … … Many a mickle makes a mickle, and it has become their "junior high school fund".

　　Female college students from poor families work part-time to help three poor students finish junior high school.

　　Teacher: "I didn’t expect her to be so difficult."

　　A few days ago, Mr. Tang, the head teacher of a class in the third grade of Longxi Middle School in Dazu District, Chongqing, contacted the reporter of Chengdu Business Daily and begged the reporter to pay attention to a "particularly difficult" female college student named Tang Lisha, who is now studying in chengdu normal university.

　　Not easy. Where? Teacher Tang listed one, two, three on the other end of the phone in an eager tone.

　　"First, Lisa Tang has been insisting on subsidizing three poor students in our class for three years. If it weren’t for her, the three families might not even be able to afford the living expenses of the dolls."

　　Vivi, Zhong Qian and Hai Kuo are the three poor students who receive financial aid. Vivi’s father is disabled, and he has a young brother who relies on his mother to do high-intensity manual work on the construction site — — Tie the iron and struggle to maintain the life of a family of four; Haikuo’s parents suffer from heart disease and diabetes respectively, and the family still lives in a mud house on the mountain; Zhong Qian is a lost child, whose father has never been heard from, and whose mother remarried and lived with her elderly grandparents. Haikuo’s mother told reporters: "If it weren’t for Sister Sha’s help in recent years, I don’t know where to spare money to send my children to junior high school."

　　"Second, I used to be the head teacher of Lisa Tang, knowing that her family is also poor. My father is a rural teacher and earns more than 2,000 yuan. The whole family depends on this money, and my mother takes care of her paralyzed grandmother at home. Third, it was not long before I learned that it was also the most difficult thing for her. That is, the money she gave to students in recent years was saved by her shoeshine and teaching children to paint everywhere. " Teacher Tang told reporters that when Lisa Tang proposed to subsidize students three years ago, she did not ask her where the money came from. "I thought that learning to paint was based on her skills, and the paintings she painted could sell at a good price in a big city like Chengdu. It was not until she chatted with me some time ago about these experiences that I realized that she was so difficult. "

　　Shoe shoes, sell waste paper, and attend classes in three institutions a week. My monthly living expenses are less than 200 yuan.

　　Lisa Tang: "Of course, there will be times when it is difficult."

　　On the 13th, the reporter saw 21-year-old Lisa Tang at the gate of chengdu normal university, with a blue shirt, small white shoes, waist-length straight black hair and a face without makeup behind round-rimmed glasses. The thin Lisa Tang looks just like other female college students on campus.

　　On the way across the campus, she chatted with reporters about her part-time experience in the past three years. I happened to pass the trash can downstairs of the American Education Institute, and she pointed to several large bags of black plastic bags half a meter high next to her and said, "I also collected waste paper for students’ painting in the building, so I packed it up and dragged it out for sale." "Generally, 7 packs are received, and 1 pack can sell for a few dollars." The reporter mentioned that one hand can only drag a bag.

　　In addition to collecting waste paper, Lisa Tang handed out leaflets and polished her shoes for a year when she was a freshman. "I found waste wood to make a shoe rack and bought shoe polish online." On weekends, she took the bus for more than an hour and ran to the station in the city and the subway station where there was a lot of people.

　　The experience during this period was recorded in her mobile phone in short paragraphs, which was bitter: "Some colleagues were afraid of robbing the business and invited customers to polish their shoes, saying that they were not clean and left without giving money." There are also warm ones: "Uncle asked: ‘ How can you shine your shoes when you are so young? ’ I am embarrassed to say: ‘ Experience the hardships of life, earn living expenses for yourself, and help poor students remit living expenses. ’ After cleaning, my uncle insisted on giving love to 100 people, and at the same time attracted onlookers to explain my identity to them. Some people may be moved and lined up to tell me to clean my shoes. The highest income on this day is near 1000 yuan. " However, Tang Lisha told reporters that she is not a Xianglinsao-style person. When she meets people, she says her identity, and sometimes she says that she is helping several poor students after much communication with others.

　　Later, with the accumulation of professional knowledge, she finally found a part-time job as a teaching assistant in a training institution. Teach children to draw, from a lesson in 30 yuan to a lesson in 80 yuan now. Last semester, she ran three institutions a week and earned one or two thousand a week. The income is much higher than shoeshine, and the money sent to three children has gone from tens of dollars a month to three or five hundred dollars a month now, but her own life is still frugal.

　　When I walked into Tang Lisha’s bedroom, the reporter saw that there were less than ten clothes hanging on the rope beside her bed, from down jackets to T-shirts. Tang Lisha said that they were all her clothes from winter to summer, and they were worn for several years. She pointed to the blue shirt on her body. "I borrowed it from a friend for tomorrow’s interview." In addition to not buying clothes, Tang Lisha insisted on eating in the canteen to save money. "One yuan for porridge and steamed bread in the morning, three yuan for two vegetarian dishes at noon, and only over 100 yuan for a month’s living expenses." She said frankly, "Of course, there will be times when I feel difficult, and I am too tired to get out of bed. But when I think of a few students, I get up. "

　　Teacher’s plot rooted in the bottom of my heart

　　Determined to help promising students.

　　Aided students: "In the future, I will pass on the goodwill like Sister Sally."

　　The family is not rich, and their lives are so frugal. Why do they insist on subsidizing others?

　　Tang Lisha pointed to a thick stack of teaching AIDS on the bedroom table and told reporters that she was preparing for the college entrance examination. "I am an advertising design major now and can’t be a teacher. Therefore, I hope to be admitted to the art education major of our school, improve myself, and become an art teacher in the future. "

　　Being a teacher is a career plan that Tonlisha has set for herself since high school. The teacher complex has been rooted in her heart since childhood. "From personal experience, my father is a conscientious rural teacher. I also met many teachers who gave me a good influence when I was studying. So I know that a good teacher is very important for the next generation. "

　　However, Lisa Tang, who is still struggling for her studies, can’t take on such responsibilities yet. So her first thought is to help the poor students in her alma mater with money. "Those three students are all excellent and promising. They need a good platform. I don’t want them to be unable to go to high school and go to college because of money."

　　Teacher Tang, the head teacher, said that the three children worked very hard in the class and were among the best in every exam. The senior high school entrance examination should be admitted to a good high school in Dazu. "If it weren’t for the funding of Lisa Tang, like Zhong Qian’s family, there would be no conditions for junior high school." When the reporter contacted Zhong Qian, because she didn’t have a phone at home, she finally contacted her who was doing farm work at home through her neighbors. When she heard that it was "Sister Sha", Zhong Qian, whose voice had been timid, suddenly spoke loudly. She said, "I will be like Sister Sha in the future, and I will help poor students like me when I have the ability to pass on my goodwill."

　　In less than a month, these three junior high school students will graduate smoothly. At the same time, Tang Lisha is also worried about the high school expenses that students are about to face. Because high school is outside the compulsory education stage, the annual tuition, living expenses and tuition and miscellaneous fees of three students add up to tens of thousands. "I’ll try my best, and I’ll find a part-time job after the exam." Lisa Tang said, without flinching.

The 9th issue of ＂Party Construction＂ issued an article by Comrade Sun Shaocheng, secretary of the Party Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region： Listening to the Party’s words, I feel that the

Follow the instructions of the PartyFeeling grateful to the party and walking with the party in the new era will continue to maintain the lofty honor of the model autonomous region.

Sun Shaocheng

Inner Mongolia is the first provincial minority autonomous region established under the leadership of our party. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been deeply concerned about the people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia and attached great importance to ethnic work in Inner Mongolia. On March 5 this year, when attending the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation of the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, the General Secretary gave us important instructions and made clear requirements on building a strong sense of the Chinese nation community and promoting national unity. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has visited Inner Mongolia twice for investigation and research, and participated in the deliberations of the Inner Mongolia delegation of the 13th National People’s Congress for five consecutive years. In every important speech, he earnestly urged us to do a good job in national work and safeguard national unity. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to hold high the banner of great unity of all ethnic groups, fully implement the Party’s ethnic policy, deepen education on ethnic unity and progress, practice the concept of mutual help, build a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation, closely unite people of all ethnic groups around the Party, jointly guard the frontiers of the motherland, jointly create a better life, and continue to maintain the lofty honor of a model autonomous region in the new era.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 75 years ago, the establishment of the autonomous region opened a new era for the development of Inner Mongolia. Over the past 75 years, under the strong leadership and cordial care of the CPC Central Committee, people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia have listened to the Party’s words, felt grateful to the Party, and followed the Party. The region’s economic and social development and national unity and progress have made brilliant achievements, maintaining a good situation of national unity, social harmony and border peace for a long time.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established under the direct leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the success of national work and the great unity of all ethnic groups. Without strong political leadership, it is unthinkable for a multi-ethnic country to achieve unity. " Looking back at the history of the establishment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, under the complicated situation at that time, without the direct and correct leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no establishment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

On the eve of the establishment of the autonomous region, the situation in Inner Mongolia is extremely complicated, and it even faces serious danger of splitting from the territory of China. At that time, various political forces competed in Inner Mongolia, including officials at all levels of the former puppet Mongolian regime and Manchukuo, some Mongolian princes and nobles, political speculators who went to the Kuomintang reactionaries, and Kuomintang troops who occupied Baotou and Guisui. All kinds of forces have put forward their own political intentions, many of which are mixed with false claims such as "Inner Mongolia’s high degree of autonomy", "Inner Mongolia’s independence" and "Inner Mongolia’s merger". These propositions are essentially aimed at splitting Inner Mongolia and splitting the country. As far as the situation at that time was concerned, Inner Mongolia really reached a historical crossroads. At the critical moment of deciding the future and destiny, in the face of complicated chaos, it was the Communist Party of China (CPC) who directly led the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau, the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Northeast Bureau, the Ximan Branch and the Jireliao Branch all did a lot of work in different ways, directly leading, guiding and promoting the establishment of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. At that time, Comrade Xi Zhongxun, as the secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, presided over a meeting to study the work of Yike Zhaomeng, and made a phased summary and strategic deployment. By strengthening political guidance and adopting flexible strategies, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has successively led the "Provisional Government of Inner Mongolia People’s Republic" established in Sunite Right Banner, the "East Mongolia People’s Autonomous Government" established in Gegen Temple of Xing ‘an League and the "Hulunbeier Autonomous Provincial Government" established in Hailar to the right track, crushing some political forces to "run outward".An attempt to "make independence".

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established under the historical conditions at that time because during the process of leading the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement, the CPC Central Committee formulated guidelines in a timely manner, effectively directed military operations, and firmly grasped the leadership and initiative of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement. At that time, the establishment of the autonomous region would not have been so smooth without the great army of the People’s Liberation Army pressing the border and effectively containing the enemy in the Jining campaign. At present, the instructions issued by the CPC Central Committee in those years are displayed in the "May 1 Meeting Site" and the Jining Campaign Memorial Hall in Inner Mongolia, and the telegrams and letters drafted by leading comrades such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai are treasured, which are historical testimony of our party’s direct leadership over the establishment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The present zoning scope of Inner Mongolia was also determined under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee. During the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed to "restore the original appearance in the history of Inner Mongolia". To achieve this, the difficulty mainly focuses on solving the problem of "the merger of Mongolia and Sui". At that time, due to the inconsistent understanding of regional issues in Inner Mongolia within the Party, there was no substantial progress in the "merger of Mongolia and Suiyuan". At the beginning of 1952, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that after learning that the "merger of Mongolia and Suiyuan" had been delayed for a long time because some leading cadres disagreed, it could not be delayed any longer, and whoever disagreed would be withdrawn. Comrade Zhou Enlai said that this matter was decided by the Central Committee. I will do the work. Please rest assured. Under the leadership and support of the CPC Central Committee, Suiyuan Province was officially abolished in 1954, and its jurisdiction was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Subsequently, Alashan and Ejina, which were originally from Gansu, and Shangdu, which was originally from Hebei, were also allocated to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Inner Mongolia was developed with the support of the CPC Central Committee.

Earth-shaking changes have taken place in the autonomous region since its establishment more than 70 years ago. In 2021, the GDP of the whole region exceeded 2 trillion yuan, an increase of 680 times compared with the beginning of the establishment of the autonomous region; The general public budget revenue is 234.99 billion yuan, while the autonomous region was only 90,000 yuan at the beginning of its establishment. The per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents reached 44,377 yuan and 18,337 yuan respectively, an increase of 146 times and 182 times compared with 1978. Inner Mongolia can achieve such development achievements fundamentally because of the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the great support of the state in economic construction and other aspects.

As early as the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the state invested more than 1 billion yuan in the construction of factories and railways in Inner Mongolia, and the construction of Baotou Steel, No.1 Engine, No.2 Engine and Daxinganling Forest Industrial Base started during that period. In the 1960s, China moved a number of factories from coastal areas to Inner Mongolia. After the reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee has continuously increased its support for the economic construction and various undertakings in Inner Mongolia. In 1996, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided that Beijing would help Inner Mongolia. After entering the new century, the CPC Central Committee has successively brought Inner Mongolia, which straddles the "Three Norths", into the implementation scope of the western development and the national strategic policy of revitalizing the Northeast. In 2011, the State Council’s Opinions on Further Promoting the Sound and Rapid Economic and Social Development of Inner Mongolia was issued. The Party Central Committee’s concern for Inner Mongolia is "real money and silver" support. According to statistics, from 1995 to 2021, since the tax-sharing reform, our region has received a total of 2.86 trillion yuan of central transfer payment funds, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the transfer payment funds arranged by the central government in our region have increased year by year from 161.85 billion yuan in 2012 to 270.9 billion yuan in 2021, reaching a total of 2.18 trillion yuan in 10 years.

Thanks to the continuous support of the central government, Inner Mongolia has moved from poverty to prosperity, and the lives of people of all ethnic groups in the region have moved from lack of food and clothing to a comprehensive well-off society. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the care and support of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all the 1.57 million poor people in Inner Mongolia have been lifted out of poverty, and all the 57 poverty-stricken counties have taken off their hats. The per capita GDP of the whole region has exceeded 10,000 US dollars, and the development of various economic and social undertakings has reached a new historical level. When attending the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once said with deep affection: "In the election of deputies to the 13th National People’s Congress, the CPC Central Committee proposed that the central leading comrades should choose the old, young and poor areas to participate in the election. I chose to participate in the election in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which expressed the importance attached by the CPC Central Committee to ethnic border areas and reflected the determination of the CPC Central Committee to accelerate the development of underdeveloped areas and win the battle against poverty. "

The major deviations in Inner Mongolia’s work are all guided and corrected by the CPC Central Committee.

Since the establishment of the autonomous region, whenever there is a major deviation in our work, the CPC Central Committee will give timely guidance to help us orient the pulse and correct the deviation, and every time we correct and improve, the work in Inner Mongolia has achieved new and significant progress. Looking back, without the guidance and help of the CPC Central Committee, Inner Mongolia would have suffered many setbacks and losses, detours and heavy burdens along the way.

At the beginning of the land reform, due to insufficient research and inaccurate grasp of the rural situation, there was a "left" tendency in different degrees in various parts of the autonomous region, and some farmers were wrongly designated, which expanded the scope of attack. The CPC Central Committee was keenly aware of the deviation in its work, improved the policies and strategies of land reform in time, and generally conducted a review and rectification of land reform in rural areas of liberated areas in Inner Mongolia, which gradually brought land reform back to the right track. At the beginning of democratic reform in pastoral areas, due to the neglect of the characteristics of animal husbandry economy, some places in Inner Mongolia simply divided classes, fought against herders and divided livestock equally according to the method of land reform in agricultural areas, which seriously damaged animal husbandry production. After discovering this problem, the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attached great importance to it, demanding that the majority of Mongolians should be United and the policy of "advancing cautiously" should be adopted. Thanks to the strong guidance of Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Party Committee of the autonomous region summed up the experience and lessons in the democratic reform in time and put forward the policy of "three noes and two benefits" in line with the actual situation of the region, which broke the backward production relations in the pastoral area in a relatively gentle way, fully mobilized the production enthusiasm of both herders and owners, and ensured the smooth completion of the democratic reform in the pastoral area. During the "Cultural Revolution", a large number of unjust, false and misjudged cases appeared in Inner Mongolia, which seriously damaged the economic and social development. Later, under the guidance of the correct line, principles and policies of the CPC Central Committee, Inner Mongolia rehabilitated wrongs and solved problems left over from history in accordance with the principle of seeking truth from facts and correcting mistakes, and all aspects were able to set things right.

In the past period, some places in our region blindly spread stalls and projects regardless of financial affordability, and indulged in the way of increasing debt and ensuring growth, accumulating a large number of potential risks. Since 2017, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly given important instructions on the debt problem of the Inner Mongolia government, giving us a "sobering agent" and stepping on the "sudden brake" at critical moments. Under the leadership and guidance of the CPC Central Committee, the whole region has learned a lesson and resolutely rectified it. In other words, comprehensive measures have been taken to promote rectification, consolidate the foundation and cultivate the yuan, and some problems formed over a long period of time have been generally solved.

People of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia have always turned their hearts to the Party, listened to its words, felt grateful to it and followed it.

Inner Mongolia is the first ethnic region to establish a party organization. It is a glorious tradition in Inner Mongolia to have a heart for the Party, a heart for the Central Committee and a heart for Beijing. Seventy-five years ago, the people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia had deeply realized that only by accepting the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and working together with the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country for liberation would Inner Mongolia have a future and hope. After a long period of revolution, construction and reform, cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia have formed a profound consensus and valuable quality of knowing the general situation, taking care of the overall situation, stressing style, seeking dedication and being responsible, and have written historical stories of national unity such as "the best pasture is aerospace", "3,000 orphans enter Inner Mongolia", "overcoming difficulties to donate grain and livestock" and "people of all ethnic groups build Baotou Steel", creating many "firsts" and valuable experiences in the history of national work in New China. Over the past 75 years, the history of Inner Mongolia’s development and ethnic history has been proved by ironclad facts: without the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no establishment of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, no development since the establishment of the Autonomous Region and no achievements today, and there would be no good situation in which people of all ethnic groups can unite, progress and prosper together. This is an inevitable conclusion of history and a profound revelation of reality.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the whole region has always kept in mind the entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit of the General Secretary’s important instructions on Inner Mongolia’s important speech, and constantly strengthened and improved ethnic work. Focusing on the main line of building a strong sense of the Chinese nation community, the autonomous region has revised and promulgated a series of policies and regulations in the ethnic field, organized and carried out a series of educational activities on ethnic unity and progress, studied and launched a series of pragmatic measures to strengthen ethnic exchanges and exchanges, and promoted the overall situation of ethnic unity and progress in the region to be continuously consolidated. Although there have been some problems in ethnic work in Inner Mongolia in recent years, and there are still many risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field, the overall environment of ethnic work in the whole region is still good, the situation of great unity of all ethnic groups has not changed, the state of people of all ethnic groups, regardless of you and me, are like brothers and sisters, and the upward trend of ethnic work has not changed. Today, in Inner Mongolia, all ethnic groups help each other and enjoy each other, hugging together like pomegranate seeds, jointly guarding the frontier of the motherland and jointly creating a better life.

When attending the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that we should cherish and continue to adhere to the glorious tradition of national unity and the lofty honor of "model autonomous region" and consolidate and develop the overall situation of national unity. I realize that Inner Mongolia, as a model autonomous region, is a model in listening to the Party.

In the new era and new journey, what should we do and how should we do it? For us, the most important thing is to do a good job in two major events: one is to build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community, and the other is to build "two barriers", "two bases" and "a bridgehead" We will thoroughly study and implement the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on strengthening and improving ethnic work, closely follow the main line of building a sense of the Chinese nation’s community, comprehensively promote the construction of a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, actively promote exchanges and exchanges among ethnic groups, accelerate the pace of modernization in ethnic areas, focus on improving the level of legalization of ethnic affairs governance, promote the high-quality development of the party’s ethnic work in the new era, and make the flowers of national unity bloom forever. We will focus on implementing the strategic positioning given to Inner Mongolia by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the CPC Central Committee, formulate specific plans for implementing the strategic positioning in five aspects, adhere to the wall chart operation and construction according to the map, and persist in doing work day by day and for a long time, and go all out to promote the grand blueprint drawn by the General Secretary for Inner Mongolia to become a beautiful reality, so as to better shoulder the great responsibility and glorious mission of frontier ethnic areas in the process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. (Originally published in the ninth issue of Party Construction in 2022)

Flowing China, Heading for the Spring of Hope —— Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024.

Spring Festival travel rush is a major event that concerns people’s vital interests, economic development and social stability.

At the press conference on the situation and work arrangement of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 held by the State Council Information Office on January 16th, Li Yang, deputy head of the Spring Festival travel rush Work Class of Comprehensive Transportation and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that Spring Festival travel rush is related to our families and our beautiful life. The Spring Festival is a holiday for everyone and a "big test" for people in our industry. We are confident to meet this "big exam" so that ordinary people can really travel safely, go home for the New Year and have a happy, peaceful and beautiful holiday.

The 40-day Spring Festival travel rush ended on March 5th. According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to exceed 8.4 billion person-times. Among them, the railway passenger traffic is expected to complete 480 million passengers; The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, of which 6.72 billion person-times (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) are expected to be completed by non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways, and 1.11 billion person-times are expected to be completed by commercial passenger traffic on highways; The waterway passenger traffic is expected to be 29 million passengers; The passenger volume of civil aviation is expected to reach 83 million passengers.

Through the data, we see a flowing China.

Road self-driving "takes the main force"　??

New changes have taken place in the structure of Spring Festival travel rush.

The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, including 6.72 billion person-times of non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) and 1.11 billion person-times of commercial passenger traffic on highways. It can be said that most people choose to travel by car this Spring Festival. During my stay in Spring Festival travel rush, various topics about "self-driving home strategy" and "self-driving home sharing" also appeared on social media platforms, which triggered extensive discussions.

With the deepening of the construction of a powerful transportation country, the highway infrastructure is improving. The total mileage of China’s comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, with highways accounting for 5.441 million kilometers, of which expressways account for 184,000 kilometers. In 2023, 7000 kilometers of expressways will be built, rebuilt and expanded. The powerful road network makes it possible for hundreds of millions of people to drive home in Spring Festival travel rush.

This year, Colin (pseudonym) who drove home alone returned to Hunan from Guangdong. She shared the high-speed anti-sleepy coup on her social account and won the praise of nearly 4,000 people. When someone asked her why she had to drive home alone, she said, "I thought it would be more convenient to have a car back to my hometown, and I wanted to take my grandparents out to play during the Spring Festival."

At present, all qualified towns and villages in China have access to hardened roads. By the end of 2023, the total mileage of rural roads in China has reached 4.6 million kilometers. The 10-year development of "Four Good Rural Roads" has achieved remarkable results, making it more convenient for migrant workers to go home for the New Year.

In order to improve the self-driving travel experience, on the eve of the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Security put forward "eight measures" to ensure road travel during major holidays, and at the same time launched the "e-road unblocked" WeChat applet to facilitate passengers traveling in new energy vehicles to inquire about the location, real-time status, charging mode and other information of national highway charging facilities. If they encounter related problems, they can also click "Sunshine Rescue". In addition, the inspection and maintenance of toll station facilities and equipment have been strengthened, the rapid handling of minor traffic accidents has been carried out, and parking guidance and charging facilities and equipment supply in service areas have been strengthened.

The theme of Spring Festival travel rush this year is "Safe Spring Festival travel rush, Convenient Spring Festival travel rush, Warm Spring Festival travel rush". When the cold wave struck, many places carried out the work of ensuring traffic and smoothness. They tried their best to eliminate road obstacles and ensure the smooth road to their hometown. Residents in the vicinity of the expressway take the initiative to send free food to the returning travelers on the congested road. The beautiful vision of "people enjoy their actions and things flow smoothly" will eventually come true, and we are all on the road.

Railway civil aviation "innovation"

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush railway passenger traffic is expected to reach 480 million passengers, reaching the highest level in the same period in history.

This year marks the 70th anniversary of Spring Festival travel rush Railway. After 70 years of development, China Railway strives for the upper reaches and makes every effort to serve Spring Festival travel rush. For Spring Festival travel rush, 12306APP has launched a variety of new functions, which are convenient for different groups to purchase tickets and guarantee personalized service.

Multi-branch offices focus on "warm cards". The passenger stations of Beijing Bureau actively connect with local education departments and universities, do a good job of statistical analysis, and optimize the passenger transport organization plan; Add a student ticket window, strengthen the organization of student passengers boarding and disembarking, and prepare multi-color ribbons to distinguish suitcases with similar colors and shapes. Lanzhou Bureau builds a "sunshine channel" to serve student travelers. Nanning bureau flexibly adjusts the operation plan, and makes a good analysis and prediction of transportation capacity in view of the transportation differentiation of college students. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Fuxing ushered in the first Spring Festival travel rush, and the "Tianlu Gesanghua" literary team entered the carriage to carry out literary and art gala activities to celebrate the Spring Festival in Spring Festival travel rush.

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush’s civil aviation passenger traffic is expected to reach 83 million passengers, reaching the highest level in history.

Many airlines said that they were welcoming the "hottest Spring Festival Golden Week". In order to do a good job in ensuring Spring Festival travel rush’s security this year, CAAC has actively guided airlines to arrange flight plans scientifically and reasonably on the premise of building a safe bottom line, so as to ensure that the transportation capacity is fully prepared and the resources are in place. It is worth mentioning that the C919 domestic large aircraft also successfully made its debut in Spring Festival travel rush. ?　?

In order to cope with freezing weather, the Civil Aviation Administration emphasized the strengthening of coordinated decision-making, the strengthening of winter operation support capacity, and the improvement of the normal flight level during Spring Festival travel rush. It is understood that in order to meet the demand for transportation capacity during Spring Festival travel rush, the Civil Aviation Administration recently implemented the optimization and adjustment of air routes in the mid-season of winter and spring in 2023/24, and approved a total of 3,198 flights per week on domestic routes, and added more than 2,500 international scheduled flights and overtime charter flights.

Extreme weather "keeps smooth"

During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, freezing rain and snow occurred in many parts of the country, especially in the central and eastern regions, which seriously affected the smooth progress of Spring Festival travel rush.

In the past 40 days, China has generally experienced two bad weather processes. Once, from February 1 to 9, a large-scale continuous rain, snow and freezing weather occurred in the central and eastern regions of China. This freezing weather has a wide impact, a large amount of snowfall, a long duration and a large area of freezing rain. The first time was from February 17 to 26, and there was also severe cooling and large-scale rain and snow weather in the central and eastern regions.

On February 1st, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, presided over a special meeting and video dispatching meeting, stressing the need to thoroughly implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and the prevention and response to low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters, and resolutely implement the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Response to Low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters before and after the Spring Festival issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council. Fully understand the great impact of the recent nationwide freezing rain, snow and ice weather on Spring Festival travel rush’s work, attach great importance to it, be highly alert and highly responsible, do all the work to prevent and deal with it, and strive to minimize the impact of bad weather on Spring Festival travel rush, fully guarantee the people’s safe, convenient and warm travel, and ensure the smooth and efficient operation of transportation and logistics. ??

—— On the highway side, many places have adopted various operation modes such as "people take a break without stopping", "removing snow immediately after landing" and "joint snow removal", and they have interacted with each other from top to bottom to remove snow and ice.

Henan started the "hard core" snow removal mode, that is, the next step is clear, the snow stops, and "Henan efficiency" continues to dominate the screen;

Hunan Xiangxi Expressway started the intelligent ice melting system for the first time in Phoenix Hub of G56 Hangrui Expressway, a key section, to realize accurate early warning of road surface temperature and road surface icing.

In Anhui, materials and equipment for snow removal and ice melting are preset in the sections prone to snow and ice and frequent accidents, and measures such as speed reduction, time-sharing and step-by-step traffic are taken to ensure smooth traffic to the maximum extent …

When a large range of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather meets Spring Festival travel rush, all localities immediately start emergency plans, promptly guide all localities to carry out snow removal and deicing operations, and go all out to ensure smooth traffic.

"Free hot water instant noodles" appeared on blocked highways all over the country, and warm-hearted actions were frequently staged.

-on the railway side, railway workers in many places cleaned up the ice and snow overnight.

Wuhan Bureau organized more than 2,000 workers to sweep snow and remove ice from overhead contact lines, lines, turnouts and other equipment for 24 hours.

Jinan Bureau organized a large ice truck to de-ice several contact lines such as Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Jizheng high-speed railway.

Zhengzhou Bureau set up several joint operation teams to dynamically observe the operation status of outlets by using infrared thermometers and telescopes to ensure the safety of equipment operation. ?　?

Xi’ an Bureau started the emergency plan for snow sweeping and deicing, and arranged special personnel to protect the turnout sections and driving equipment after snow removal;

Guangzhou Bureau stepped up inspection and overhaul, comprehensively inspected key places such as key lines, bridges and tunnels, and ensured that railway equipment and facilities were in good condition.

At the press conference held by the State Council Press Office on February 28th, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that with the joint efforts of all parties, so far, the overall response of Spring Festival travel rush this year has been orderly and effective, and the overall operation has been stable, which has withstood the severe test of complex and bad weather.

Perseverance and undefeated in winter; We bloomed in the cold wind and met in spring.

Every year in Spring Festival travel rush, the years are warm. In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully. People experienced the busyness and joy in the journey and felt the vitality of China’s vigorous traffic development. Everyone who sets foot on a trip to Spring Festival travel rush is an envoy to hope; Everyone who has contributed to Spring Festival travel rush is infiltrating the future of a powerful transportation country with sweat.

The year 2024 is the 75th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a crucial year to realize the objectives and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and also the fifth anniversary of the publication of the Outline of Building a Powerful Transportation Country. In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Through Spring Festival travel rush, we can further see the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

Spring and Jingming, everything is blooming. Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024, and a beautiful spring is slowly coming!

Let’s go, to the bright spring in the Year of the Loong. 　??

China Academy of Social Sciences announced six new archaeological discoveries with these highlights.

　　On January 10th, 2020, the "Archaeological Forum of China Academy of Social Sciences: New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2019" hosted by China Academy of Social Sciences and hosted by Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Archaeological Magazine was held in Beijing.

　　The Paper learned that Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, announced six new archaeological discoveries in China in 2019, namely Longshan Cultural Site in Ximengzhuang, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, Honghe Site in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, Taitai Base Site in Huangcheng, Shimao Site in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province, Zizhulin, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and the mural tomb in Quangou Tubo Period in Wulan County, Qinghai Province.

　　Longshan Cultural Site in Ximengzhuang, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province

　　(Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)

　　Distribution map of Longshan cultural relics in Ximengzhuang site

Pottery Ding and Pottery Stems Unearthed from Ximengzhuang Site

　　Ximengzhuang site reveals a relatively well-preserved Longshan cultural settlement with a clear structure. It is found that the fence, ring ditch, house site, ash pit, tomb, kiln site and a large number of column caves are regularly distributed and combined, forming a walled settlement. It can be divided into two stages, the lower square fence stage and the upper round fence stage. The square fence was built in the early Longshan period, and it was used until the early Longshan period, and the early and late Longshan period was replaced by the circular fence, which lasted until the middle Longshan period. If this reflects a form of grass-roots settlement at that time, it will provide valuable information for us to understand the structure of Longshan cultural grass-roots settlement and interpret people’s life and career patterns in Longshan cultural grass-roots settlement. If this is a special settlement, it is very important to identify its nature. It reveals for the first time that there has been functional differentiation in the non-economic sense in the settlement during the Longshan culture period, which is very important for us to analyze and evaluate the degree of social development at that time.

　　Honghe Site, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

　　(Heilongjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)

Remains of Xia, Shang and Neolithic Age in Eastern Region

Neolithic relics unearthed from the site

　　Four excavations in 2017 and before made it clear that the Neolithic remains of Honghe site belong to the same kind of remains as Ang ‘angxi culture, which is a typical site of Ang ‘angxi culture and the central settlement of Ang ‘angxi culture. During the fifth excavation in 2018-2019, 12 houses of Angangxi culture in the late Neolithic Age, 1 house in Xia and Shang Dynasties, 12 houses of Baijinbao culture in two weeks and 81 tombs in Qing Dynasty were cleared. By dissecting and cleaning three ring trenches in the late Neolithic Age and their Tongjiang sections, the shape and structure, excavation and construction time, excavation and construction process, use and abandonment process were basically clarified. It is the first time to reveal and clarify the form of prehistoric settlements in Nenjiang River Basin, which is of great significance to the settlement research of prehistoric archaeology in China. The appearance of the ring trench and the use of large-scale houses indicate that the fishing and hunting civilization in the Nenjiang River basin existed a settlement model in the late Neolithic period. Shortened the time difference between the social development process of Nenjiang River basin in the late Neolithic period and the core area of Chinese civilization at the same time. The Nenjiang River basin entered the civilized society more than a thousand years earlier, and then the civilization history of Heilongjiang River basin was rewritten.

　　Ruins of Huangchengtai Tai Foundation in Shimao Site, Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province

　　(Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute, Yulin Cultural Relics Archaeological Exploration Team, Shenmu Shimao Site Management Office)

Huangchengtai Taiji

South retaining wall no.6 stone carving

　　The Shimao site consists of the Imperial Terrace, the inner city and the outer city, with an area of more than 4 million square meters. It is the largest known city site in China in the late Longshan period and the early Zhixia period. In 2018, a large-scale building abutment was discovered in the east of Huangchengtaiding, on which a large number of building bases were distributed, temporarily called "Dataiji". After excavation in 2018-2019, the outline of the foundation of the large platform gradually became clear. The plane of the foundation of the large platform is roughly square with rounded corners, and the side length is about 130 meters. The core of the platform is rammed and surrounded by stone walls. At present, the south retaining wall and surrounding areas of the foundation of the large platform are basically completely exposed, and the positions of the west retaining wall and the north retaining wall are confirmed. More than 70 exquisite stone carvings were found in the south retaining wall, and some of them were embedded in the wall of the south retaining wall. The age of construction and use of Tai Tai Ji should be no later than 2000 BC, and the age of stone carving should be no later than 2000 BC. The phenomenon of inlaid stone carvings on the wall should have the same spiritual connotation as that found in the ruins of Shigao, and it reflects the spiritual sustenance of the ancestors of Shigao on the grand platform of the Imperial City. The discovery and confirmation of Dataiji officially opened the curtain of discussing the settlement division and functional nature of Huangchengtai, which laid an important material foundation for the core position of Huangchengtai in the city site of Shimao.

　　Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province

　　(Archaeological Institute of China National Museum, Shanxi Institute of Archaeology, Yuncheng Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

Excavation area in the east of Xiwubi site (north above)

Remnants of copper smelting furnace in Erligang period

　　The distribution area of Erlitou and Erligang remains of Xiwubi site is about 700,000 square meters. The central area is located in the east of the site, covering an area of about 400,000 square meters, including the residence and burial area in the north, and the concentrated distribution area of copper smelting remains in the south of the middle, covering an area of 100,000 square meters. A large number of relics and relics of Longshan, Erlitou, Erligang, Zhou and Song dynasties were obtained, among which the copper smelting remains of Erlitou and Erligang periods were the most important. In the ash pits of Erlitou and Erligang periods, residual pottery and stone patterns were also found for casting small tools, indicating that the Xiwubi site can also cast some tools besides smelting copper. The newly discovered Erlitou charcoal kiln, Erligang lower copper smelting furnace, and other copper smelting relics of Erlitou and Erligang periods, together with the previously discovered copper smelting relics, enrich the connotation of Xiwubi site, showing a large-scale and highly specialized copper smelting workshop form, which provides valuable physical materials for in-depth study of the early copper smelting handicraft technology and production methods, and even explores the relationship between the rise of Xia and Shang Dynasties and the control, development and utilization of copper, a strategic resource.

　　Zizhulin Chunqiu Zengguo Noble Cemetery, Suizhou City, Hubei Province

　　(Hubei Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Peking University, Suizhou Museum, Zengdu District Archaeological Team)

M190 (Zeng Gongqiu) bronze ritual vessel combination

M190 (Zeng Gongqiu) bronze chime combination

　　The archaeological team excavated 86 tombs of Zeng State in the Spring and Autumn Period. There were 5 large tombs in the shape of A, 19 medium tombs and 62 small tombs. Among them, five A-shaped tombs are arranged in three groups from north to south. The owners of the three groups of tombs are Zeng Gongqiu and his wife Yu, Zeng Houbao and his wife Mi Jia and Zeng Houde respectively. More than 2,000 bronzes were unearthed in the cemetery, including nearly 600 bronze ritual instruments, and the inscriptions of bronze ritual instruments were found to be nearly 6,000 words, which is the largest batch of bronze inscriptions in the Spring and Autumn Period discovered by archaeology in the new century. Zaoshulin Cemetery made up for the missing link of Zeng State in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, constructed the most important cultural sequence of Fengzhong State in the Zhou Dynasty in China with the most complete archaeological materials, and constructed a scale of bronze culture in Jianghan area, which was of great significance in the archaeological field of Zeng State and even two weeks.

　　Mural Tomb in Quangou Tubo Period, Wulan County, Qinghai Province

　　(Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Ethnic Museum, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, Wulan County Bureau of Culture, Sports, Tourism, Radio and Television)

Ma Yingbin diagram of anterior chamber eastern wall

　　The mural tomb (Tomb No.1) is a rectangular brick-wood mixed structure multi-chamber tomb with a tomb passage. The tomb consists of a front room, a back room and two side rooms. The mural on the side of the front room tomb door is about leading Ma Yingbin warriors. Other murals include hunting, feasting and dancing, and the top depicts all kinds of birds and animals. A hidden compartment was found on the pit wall at the bottom of the tomb outside the wooden coffin on the west side of the back room, which contained a rectangular wooden box with a pearl crown, a dragon, a phoenix, a lion and a gold cup inlaid with turquoise.

Gold-plated crowns and cups in concealed wooden cases

　　According to the characteristics of unearthed relics and the style of mural content, it is inferred that the tomb was in the Tubo period and the carbon fourteen date was in the eighth century AD. The No.1 Tomb in Quangou is the only mural tomb in Tibetan Plateau so far. The tomb owner may have a close relationship with the local royal family during the Tubo period, indicating that there was a high-level administrative and military establishment in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin during the Tubo period. Tombs show a strong dual influence of Tang Wenhua and Tubo culture, which is of great academic value for discussing the process of Sino-Tibetan cultural integration and the grand occasion of cultural exchange along the Silk Road in Qinghai.

Meeting site

　　In addition to the above-mentioned six new archaeological discoveries in China in 2019, seven finalists were selected, namely: the Paleolithic site of Mangedong, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, the Neolithic site of Qiaotou, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, the Neolithic site of Simagou, Huade County, Inner Mongolia, the Korean Eastern Zhou Cemetery in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, the Han Tomb in Hujiacaochang, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, the Shancheng site of Mopan Village, Tumen City, Jilin Province, and the Shifosi site in jiangjin district, Chongqing. In addition, as one of the achievements of China’s archaeological "going out", the archaeological project of Natishwa site in the ancient city of Biheropur, Bangladesh, which was jointly carried out by Hunan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Otia Oneisen Archaeological Research Center of Bangladesh, was selected as a new foreign archaeological discovery in 2019.

Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, presented certificates to the selected project representatives.

　　(According to China Archaeological Network, Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Social Sciences)

Suspected of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy？ The eight major tests are coming.

▼ The author of this article ▼

　

　

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease with unknown causes, characterized by asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, which usually means that the thickness of ventricular septum or left ventricular wall measured by echocardiography is ≥15mm, or the thickness of patients with a clear family history is ≥13mm, the ventricular cavity becomes smaller, the left ventricular blood filling is blocked, and the left ventricular diastolic compliance decreases. It is necessary to exclude the thickening of left ventricular wall caused by increased load such as hypertension, aortic stenosis and congenital aortic subvalvular diaphragm.

　

How to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

　

01exertional dyspnea

　

The most common symptom, about 90% or more will show this symptom.

　

02chest pain

　

Many patients will show fatigue chest pain, or atypical pain may continue to occur at rest or after meals, but coronary angiography is normal.

　

03Syncope or threatened syncope

　

About 15%-25% of patients have had at least one syncope or threatened syncope, which is usually seen during activity.

　

04Other symptoms

　

Dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, etc., some patients are at high risk of sudden death, and some patients have symptoms of heart failure in the late stage.

　

05pathological/bodily sign

　

Patients with no or mild obstruction often have no obvious signs, but patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction often have heart murmurs, especially after the first heart sound, which are obviously increasing and decreasing, especially between the apex of the heart and the left edge of the sternum.

　

　

Some tests are needed to assist the diagnosis in clinic.

　

01x-ray examination

　

X-ray examination has no obvious characteristics. The size of the heart may be normal, or the left atrium and left ventricle may be enlarged. The size of the heart is directly proportional to the pressure gradient between the heart and the outflow tract of the left ventricle. The greater the pressure gradient, the larger the heart. Aorta does not widen, pulmonary artery segment does not protrude obviously, pulmonary congestion is mostly light, and right ventricular enlargement may occur in the late stage.

　

02electrocardiogram

　

Because of cardiac ischemia, abnormal myocardial repolarization, left ventricular or biventricular hypertrophy and ST-T changes are common, atrioventricular block and left bundle branch block are also common, and sometimes deep and inverted T wave or abnormal Q wave can be seen, this disease often has various types of arrhythmia.

　

03ultrasonic cardiogram

　

It is of great significance for the diagnosis of HCM. The main performances are:

　

① Abnormal thickening of ventricular septum, and the thickness of ventricular septum at the end of diastole is > 15 mm..

　

② The motion amplitude of interventricular septum decreased obviously, generally ≤ 5 mm..

　

③ The ratio of ventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness can reach 1.5-2.5:1, and it is generally considered that the ratio > 1.5: 1 has diagnostic significance.

　

④ The left ventricular end systolic diameter is smaller than normal, and the blood flow velocity of left ventricular outflow tract is accelerated.

　

⑤ The distance between the interventricular septum and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve is often significantly reduced at the start of contraction.

　

⑥ The systolic phase of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve moves forward, approaches the interventricular septum, and ends before the second heart sound.

　

⑦ Aorta closed in the middle systole.

　

04dynamic electrocardiogram

　

All patients have perfect 24-hour ECG monitoring, in order to evaluate whether there is ventricular arrhythmia and judge the cause of palpitation or syncope.

　

05Cardiac magnetic resonance

　

High sensitivity, but high cost. Myocardial fibrosis can also be found.

　

06Coronary angiography

　

Coronary angiography should be evaluated if the patient has angina pectoris or persistent ventricular arrhythmia.

　

07Cardiac catheterization

　

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is suspected, but the clinical manifestations and imaging examination are different; It needs to be differentiated from constrictive pericarditis; Preoperative evaluation of heart transplant patients.

　

08Gene detection

　

Most patients often have a family history and have genetic mutations.

　

　

Complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

　

01arrhythmia

　

Ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation are common, and in severe cases, there are ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, which can cause sudden cardiac death in severe cases.

　

02arterial embolism

　

The common site is the left atrial appendage, and it can also form thrombus in the left ventricle, which can cause arterial embolism after the thrombus falls off.

　

03cardiac failure

　

Due to myocardial hypertrophy, the compliance of ventricular relaxation is reduced, which can cause left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increase left ventricular end diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure in the early stage. With the progress of the disease, it may be accompanied by left ventricular dilatation and contraction dysfunction, resulting in severe heart failure symptoms.

　

　

Image source of this article: Photo Network

　

Author’s introduction

　

Xu Hui

　

Xuzhou Central Hospital

　

Attending physician of cardiology department

　

Introduction:Master’s degree, graduated from the Department of Cardiology, Yangzhou University, worked in the 3A hospital for several years, and mastered the diagnosis and treatment of various common diseases in cardiology, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, valvular disease, heart failure and other diseases.

　

Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi is on fire again. Which Chuanqi GS4 is the most worth buying？

The progress of industry has actually made the current cars have more reliable quality, and people often pay more attention to the value of vehicles. The competition in the automobile market is still very fierce. What Xiaobian brings today is. As for the outstanding performance of the car, please read it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Chuanqi GS4 first. The front of Chuanqi GS4 has a cold shape and adopts a multi-spoke middle net, which is very recognizable. Headlights are very in line with consumers’ aesthetics and look very capable. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4685MM*1901MM*1690MM, the car uses cool lines, the car side looks very cold, with large-sized thick-walled tires, giving people a very cool feeling. In the rear part, Chuanqi GS4 rear line is simple and elegant, and the taillights look very atmospheric, coupled with bilateral single-row exhaust pipes, the shape is relatively young.

In terms of interior, Chuanqi GS4 interior looks very simple and fashionable, with high overall recognition. The car’s steering wheel design is very individual, and it is equipped with functions such as manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, showing a sense of atmosphere. Let’s take a look at the central control, with the 14.6-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and looks quite fierce. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The dashboard design is remarkable and looks strong in science and technology. The car uses leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric seat adjustment and seat proportion tilting, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Chuanqi GS4 is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 8.8s per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

Let’s look at the configuration. Chuanqi GS4 is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), CarPlay support and other configurations.

The Chuanqi GS4 introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also the configuration has reached the mainstream level, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience. Xiao Bian suggests that your heart is not as good as action, so go to the 4S shop to talk about the discount.

375 horsepower with extended version, BMW X5L will have a price war, and the luxury SUV market will change？

Old irons, let’s talk about something exciting today!

Have you heard? Our BMW X5L is going to have a big change!

This is no ordinary upgrade, it is simply to become a big living person!

You know what? The 2025 BMW X5L has been finalized, which is a "local version" specially tailored for our China market.

It is said that this car is expected to debut in early 2026, so we have to take a good look at what new things BMW has made this time! ? ?

Speaking of appearance, this time BMW has lost a lot of money!

The front face is called a handsome, kidney-shaped mesh grille is more atmospheric, and LED headlights are even blinding my dog’s eyes.

The front surround has also played a circular layout, and the whole front face looks like saying to you: "Look, I am not an ordinary SUV!

"Look at the side of the car body, the arc waistline is drawn, gee, it is simply showing lines!

Coupled with the bulging wheel eyebrows, the whole body looks like a strong Man who has been practicing in the gym for a year, and he is man and handsome!

Let’s talk about the rear of the car. The LED taillights are designed to be chic, and the rear surround is also full of articles. ? ?

The double exhaust port even brightened my eyes, and it looked like shouting to you: "Come on, chase me!"!

"Looking down at the whole body, I dare say that this is definitely the most handsome baby in the BMW family!

Let’s talk about interior again.

Alas, this time BMW played a big game!

The LCD instrument has been changed to a trapezoidal suspension type, which looks advanced.

The multimedia display screen is even bigger, just like my TV. ? ?

Best of all, the whole center console can hardly see the physical buttons, and it can’t be simpler.

I dare say, sitting in it definitely feels like lying in the future technology!

Speaking of configuration, this time BMW has spent a lot of money!

Intelligent interconnection system is quite awesome. I heard that even your refrigerator can be remotely controlled.

The active security system is in place, which can almost protect you as a president. ? ?

In terms of power, BMW also showed its housekeeping skills this time.

3.0T inline six-cylinder engine with 48V light mixing system, gee, this power output will definitely scare your aunt in the vegetable market.

With the blessing of 8-speed automatic manual transmission and four-wheel drive system, the driving experience is absolutely excellent!

The most exciting thing is that I heard that BMW will play a price war this time!

Yes, it is a price war!

? ?

This is a BMW, and you have to play a cost-effective role with the public? This wave of operation is really surprising!

But then again, if it can be cheaper, I guess many old irons will be tempted?

Of course, don’t be too happy.

I heard that the flagship version may raise the price slightly. After all, it is a top match, and it is normal to be expensive.

But compared with other luxury brands, this price is estimated to still make many people call it really fragrant!

Old irons, do you feel excited when you see this? This BMW X5L is simply challenging our wallets!

The appearance is greatly changed, the interior is high-tech, the power is strong and there is a price war. How much do you give to this wave of operation? Do you think this change of BMW is a successful evolution or a helpless compromise?

Finally, I will ask you, do you love such a car?

Shanghai Cadillac XT5 price reduction information! The highest profit 130,000, if you miss it, there is no

[Autohome Shanghai Promotion Channel] Good news! The high-profile luxury SUV is launching an eye-catching promotion in Shanghai. Currently, Cadillac is offering XT5 users a car purchase discount of up to 130,000 yuan, making the already competitive model price more attractive. The starting price has been reduced to 222,700 yuan, which is undoubtedly the double allure of luxury and cost performance. If you are interested in the Cadillac XT5, be sure to seize this rare opportunity and click "Chatti Car Price" in the quotation form to put your car purchase dream within reach at a more affordable price. Hurry up and enjoy this unmissable offer!

上海地区凯迪拉克XT5降价信息！最高让利13万，错过就没有

The Cadillac XT5, with its elegant and dynamic exterior design, highlights the unique charm of luxury SUVs. Its front face features a family-style iconic shield-shaped air intake grille, paired with sharp LED headlights, showing the visual effect of power and technology. The body lines are smooth, and the overall style is both luxurious and sporty. It perfectly blends power and refinement to bring a strong visual impact to the driver.

上海地区凯迪拉克XT5降价信息！最高让利13万，错过就没有

The Cadillac XT5’s unique design aesthetic is outlined in elegant side lines. The body size is 4813mm × 1903mm × 1682mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2857mm, providing plenty of interior space for passengers. The front and rear track are 1645mm, ensuring the stability and handling of the vehicle. The tire size is 235/65 R18, which reflects Cadillac’s attention to detail in both the grip and visual effects of the tires. The rim style also shows the XT5’s sporty and luxurious temperament.

上海地区凯迪拉克XT5降价信息！最高让利13万，错过就没有

The interior design of the Cadillac XT5 shows a perfect blend of luxury and technology. The exquisite leather steering wheel provides a comfortable grip and supports manual up, down and back adjustment, providing a precise control experience for the driver. The center is equipped with an 8-inch touch screen, integrated multimedia system, navigation, phone and air conditioning, which is convenient to operate, and supports automatic speech recognition to enhance the convenience of driving. The seats are made of imitation leather and leather materials to provide good support, the front seats are heated, and the driver’s seat is also equipped with a power seat memory function to ensure the comfort of the driver. The rear seats support front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, which can achieve proportional reclining and flexible space utilization. The overall interior layout is elegant, taking into account both practicality and beauty, creating a luxurious and comfortable riding environment.

上海地区凯迪拉克XT5降价信息！最高让利13万，错过就没有

The Cadillac XT5 is equipped with a powerful 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 174 kilowatts and a maximum torque of 350 Nm, which can output 237 horsepower. This L4 engine, combined with a 9-speed manual transmission, ensures excellent performance and driving pleasure during acceleration and driving.

Summarizing the evaluation of the Autohome owner, the Cadillac XT5 won his favorite with its spacious space and atmospheric exterior design. The owner emphasized the sense of security and broad vision brought by the vehicle, which undoubtedly strengthened the XT5’s comfortable and practical image in the eyes of consumers. Whether it is for family travel or business needs, the XT5 has won the favor of many owners with its excellent performance and reliable quality.