标签： 上海花千坊爱上海

Electronic invoices are suspected to be unfair： printing costs are passed on to consumers.

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　In the case that the whole paperless chain of finance and taxation has not been fully opened, it is definitely not able to achieve the effect of cost saving by simply realizing electronization in the invoice link, but it is only to pass on the cost of invoice paper saved by merchants to consumers, which is not only more troublesome than the original paper invoice, but also unfair strictly.

　　As usual, Ms. Hu came to the Pizza Hut, which she frequented near the community, for dinner. After paying the money, she asked the waiter to make an invoice. The waiter said that the original paper invoice was no longer provided in the store, but was changed to an electronic invoice, which required customers to print from the Internet by extracting the code themselves. "Can I reimburse my own invoices?" In the face of Ms. Hu’s doubts, the waiter told her that the printed electronic invoices can be used as reimbursement vouchers just like the previous paper invoices.

　　Scenes like this can be said to be everywhere in many businesses in Beijing that have switched to electronic invoices recently. Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the tax authorities that the implementation of electronic invoices in China has accelerated this year. At present, businesses in many fields have started to use electronic invoices. However, because many consumers know little about electronic invoices and the application environment of electronic invoices is still immature, they have encountered a lot of complaints, and even caused friction between businesses and consumers.

　　site

　　You can receive the electronic invoice with a "scan"

　　Yesterday, the reporter of Beiqing Daily came to the Chongwenmen store of Pizza Hut to have a meal. When he asked the waiter for an invoice at the cashier, the waiter said that since July 1, Pizza Hut all over the country will no longer issue paper invoices. "We provide the invoice retrieval code, so you have to print the invoice yourself online." Subsequently, the waiter handed the reporter a receipt of the invoice extraction code. The reporter of Beiqing Daily logged into a web page with his mobile phone according to the prompt on the receipt. After entering the invoice extraction code, the web page prompted to fill in the invoice header, email address and mobile phone number. After filling it all out, an electronic invoice for this consumption was received in the mailbox within one minute. The page also shows that you can download the invoice. The waiter said that after downloading, you can print the invoice on A4 paper by computer and printer. According to the waiter, the electronic invoice generated on the mobile phone has the same invoice code and number as the ordinary invoice, which can be used to check the authenticity through the website of the tax authorities, and can also be used as an reimbursement voucher, which is exactly the same as the ordinary paper invoice.

　　Subsequently, the reporter of Beiqing Daily visited McDonald’s, KFC, Xiabu and other catering enterprises, and they all started to use electronic invoices recently. However, some catering enterprises indicated that they can also open original ordinary paper invoices according to customer needs, but some enterprises can only open electronic invoices.

　　In addition, some telecom business halls and gas stations have started to use electronic invoices since this month. Yesterday, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from Sinopec Beijing Petroleum Branch that four Sinopec-operated gas stations, namely Jishuitan Gas Station, Ritan Road Gas Station, Shiquan Gas Station and Beizhuan Gas Station, located in the North Second Ring Road, are piloting electronic invoices.

　　In the gas station near Jishuitan in the North Second Ring Road of Sinopec, Mr. Zhang added 200 yuan’s No.92 gasoline to the car, and then he went into the convenience store in Yi Jie to issue invoices as usual. When you see the store, you can choose the traditional paper invoice or the electronic invoice that is being piloted. Mr. Zhang is curious about what the electronic invoice looks like and asks to try it.

　　A QR code is displayed on the staff’s computer screen, and Mr. Zhang can receive this electronic invoice by "scanning" it with WeChat. The reporter of Beiqing Daily saw that the words "invoice details" appeared on the screen of the mobile phone after scanning, and the following contents were listed in turn: invoice date, invoice code, seller’s name, buyer’s name and tax price. At the bottom is the green box of "View Electronic Invoice". Click to download the "original" electronic invoice of Beijing VAT electronic ordinary invoice. Mr. Zhang said that the unit reimbursement needs a paper version, and the staff immediately helped print the electronic invoice.

　　Ms. Li, a citizen of Beijing Unicom, wanted to print an invoice after paying the landline phone bill at the bank a few days ago, and was told by the bank that she needed to contact the operator herself. Ms. Li then came to Unicom’s business hall. After reporting the corresponding telephone number, the staff said that if Ms. Li was asked to provide an email address, she would send an electronic invoice, which needs to be downloaded and printed by herself. At present, the paper version of the telephone bill is not provided.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned through the official customer service of Beijing Unicom that the relevant regulations on replacing paper invoices with electronic invoices have been uniformly implemented since June 20 and apply to all Unicom business halls in this city. At the same time, not only the telephone bills of mobile phones and landlines only provide electronic invoices at present, but also the communication service invoices for purchasing prepaid cards. However, the reporter of Beiqing Daily then came to several business halls of the other two operators and learned that Beijing Mobile and Beijing Telecom are still using the previous invoice and printing forms. (Reporter Yan Lishuang Ren Xiaoyuan Intern reporter Yang Simeng)

　　press sb for an interview

　　It costs one or two yuan per invoice for elderly customers.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned in the interview that consumers’ views on electronic invoices are seriously polarized. Although some people think that electronic invoices are more convenient than before, most consumers think that this new thing has added trouble to themselves.

　　"In the past, I often couldn’t find one piece after invoicing, but now I can submit it for reimbursement and then print it, and I feel more convenient than before." A consumer who often eats in fast food restaurants said that the unit reimbursed a part of the meal allowance every month, and now it is not so messy to pay invoices. "If the original invoice is lost and dirty, there is no way. Now the electronic invoice can be printed repeatedly, which is more humanized!" Xiao Zhang, a company employee who travels frequently, is also very fond of electronic invoices.

　　However, this is also an inconvenient place for many consumers. "In the past, when you finished spending, you put the invoice in your wallet and just sort it out when you use it, but now you have to remember when and where you spent it, and then go online one by one, and sometimes you really miss it!"

　　The people who complain most about electronic invoices are those who don’t usually use computers or don’t have printers around. At present, electronic invoices are still inseparable from the step of printing paper invoices in the financial system, so their environmental protection has not yet been reflected. They just transfer the printing link from merchants to consumers, and some consumers even have to pay for printing at the printing shop themselves, thus increasing the cost of use and time. "Usually it costs one or two yuan to print an electronic invoice, which is equivalent to the invoice that can be obtained directly, and now it costs extra money to get it." An elderly customer is quite dissatisfied with this.

　　In the interview, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that in fact, Beijing began to pilot electronic invoices three years ago, but the initial pilots were basically e-commerce, and most of their consumer groups had a high acceptance of electronic invoices, so they did not cause too many reactions. However, with the implementation of electronic invoices becoming more and more extensive, especially after fast food restaurants and telecom business halls are started to be used, the consumption is becoming wider and wider, and all kinds of inconveniences of electronic invoices are revealed, especially some consumers who are not familiar with electronic equipment have a lot of criticisms about printing electronic invoices themselves, and many elderly people even complain about it. "We can’t use smart phones or computers, and now we can’t even invoice things!"

　　In addition, it may be because of the initial use of electronic invoices, some waiters are not very skilled in this, and the time spent on issuing electronic invoices is no shorter than before. However, for skilled waiters, it is indeed more time-saving to issue electronic invoices.

　　pay close attention

　　Why do merchants love to switch to electronic invoices?

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned in the interview that the recognition of electronic invoices by most pilot businesses is significantly higher than that of consumers. Because although the unskilled service personnel in the initial stage of the pilot may lead to an increase in workload, in the long run, the cost saved by electronic invoices for businesses is still considerable.

　　Take JD.COM as an example. In the past, its annual invoice cost exceeded 50 million yuan, and it will undoubtedly reduce the cost of enterprises if paper becomes electronic. In addition, in the past, it was not only labor-intensive for enterprises to receive invoices from the tax bureau, but also they had to pay money for receiving invoices. Now, as long as they contact the tax service office through the network, they can directly synchronize the invoice number and code from the system to the enterprise’s billing system. According to the public information of Beijing tax authorities, the first electronic invoice was issued in Beijing at the end of June, 2013. Within the next six months, seven pilot enterprises, including JD.COM and Xiaomi, issued more than 41 million electronic invoices, saving enterprises more than 12 million yuan in comprehensive invoice cost and nearly 30 tons of invoice paper. Some business people told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that for many industries, the overall cost of ordinary paper invoices is very high. In addition to the paper itself, there are also the costs for financial personnel to receive and process invoices. According to some data, the average cost of each paper invoice can reach that of 1.6 yuan, so electronic invoices can really save a lot of costs.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China began to implement the VAT electronic invoice system this year, and in the first quarter alone, 60 million electronic invoices were issued, including more than 2,000 electronic invoices issued by mobile phones, which enabled the invoicers to issue invoices anytime and anywhere, greatly improving the work efficiency. It is understood that this year’s national electronic invoice implementation focuses on industries with large invoice volume, such as e-commerce, telecommunications, express delivery, public utilities and other industries.

　　query

　　Does the merchant have the final say in the rules of the electronic invoice platform?

　　In the interview, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that although the procedures for issuing electronic invoices are all in accordance with the unified regulations of the tax authorities, because the customer service platforms of electronic invoices of various merchants are independently established, the specific operation methods and regulations on electronic invoices are also different, which can easily cause confusion among consumers. Moreover, most of these platforms are built in merchants’ own customer service and even ordering platforms, and it is not very convenient for consumers to consult invoices.

　　KFC’s electronic invoice customer service platform is built in its own member platform. As soon as the phone is connected, there will be a voice to remind customers to join KFC members. In the actual operation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that although consulting or printing invoices can be realized without joining members, automatic voice can still be misleading. According to the staff of KFC, they require customers to issue invoices online within 30 days after consumption, otherwise they may not be able to type them out. However, there are no such tips on the electronic invoice withdrawal documents provided by KFC stores.

　　Domino’s electronic invoice platform is built in its ordering platform. The staff said that the electronic invoice must first pay attention to Domino’s official WeChat, and the order to be invoiced needs to be found from the micro signal before the invoice can be generated. Domino’s customer service staff told Beiqing Daily that consumers need to apply for electronic invoices on the day of consumption, and there is no requirement for when to print them after application, which is obviously different from KFC’s regulations.

　　question

　　It is difficult for financial personnel to distinguish the authenticity of electronic invoices.

　　Although the country has made it clear that the legal effect and basic use of electronic invoices are the same as those of paper invoices, electronic invoices can also be reimbursed, but the reporter of Beiqing Daily found in the interview that many corporate financial personnel have a headache for electronic invoices.

　　"Because consumers print on their own, there will be differences in paper quality and printing effect, which is equivalent to canceling the physical anti-counterfeiting performance of the original invoice, and all the responsibility for identifying authenticity is pushed to the financial personnel. This responsibility is really too big!" Some corporate financial personnel said that they usually advise employees to choose businesses that issue ordinary invoices as much as possible, but now more and more businesses only provide electronic invoices, and whether to reimburse these invoices often leads to differences between employees and financial personnel.

　　In addition, electronic invoices can be printed repeatedly, which makes how to prevent repeated reimbursement become a problem faced by enterprise financial personnel. The financial personnel of some enterprises have specially done experiments. The same electronic invoice is almost exactly the same as the original invoice after copying. If it is used for repeated reimbursement, the financial personnel can’t identify it at all. In this regard, most financial personnel can only take the method of writing down the number of each electronic invoice that has been reimbursed, and checking whether this invoice has been reimbursed every time, which undoubtedly increases the work pressure.

　　respond

　　Some merchants can choose both invoices.

　　In the face of the complaints of consumers and the doubts of financial personnel, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found in the interview that some merchants currently provide ordinary invoices and electronic invoices at the same time, and consumers choose to solve many troubles encountered in the implementation of electronic invoices.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily logged into JD.COM Mall yesterday and saw that consumers can choose whether to let merchants issue ordinary invoices or electronic invoices after purchasing goods. According to customer service in JD.COM, electronic invoices have the same legal effect as paper coupons, and they are effective credentials for after-sales maintenance and user rights protection. At the same time, he told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that if individual users choose to issue electronic invoices first when shopping in JD.COM, it is also possible to exchange paper general tickets later, but there is a certain time limit, in which the electronic invoices for personal heads should be exchanged for paper invoices for personal heads within 30 days; The electronic invoice for personal head can be changed into the electronic invoice for company head within 60 days, and the finance department will issue it and send it to consumers within 3 to 5 working days after receiving the notice. Generally speaking, it is more convenient.

　　The urban and rural storage supermarket located in the northwest third ring road of Beijing has also been implementing electronic invoices for some time. The service desk here can print electronic invoices on paper for customers in need, and for customers with doubts, the printed invoices can be stamped with a special red invoice seal. For customers, this is basically the same as the process of issuing paper invoices before. According to the staff here, many customers who come to the supermarket to buy things are elderly people, and their acceptance of electronic invoices still needs a process, and many people really can’t go home to print invoices themselves, so they have introduced measures to print invoices on their behalf. "It is precisely because of these that we have basically encountered no resistance in the process of converting electronic invoices from ordinary invoices."

　　In addition, reporters of Beiqing Daily also saw in some McDonald’s restaurants that waiters can help customers print electronic invoices on A4 paper.

　　analyse

　　Why don’t consumers recognize electronic invoices?

　　According to the reporter of Beiqing Daily, it was learned from the insiders that in fact, the original electronic invoice was mainly proposed for e-commerce enterprises. At that time, the most prominent problem for consumers in e-commerce transactions was the invoice problem. Many merchants don’t provide invoices to buyers for various reasons, which has even become a "hidden rule" in the online shopping market. This phenomenon not only causes tax loss, but also brings evidence obstacles to consumers’ rights protection, and at the same time puts forward regulatory problems for this emerging market.

　　It is precisely for this reason that China’s proposal for electronic invoices has also been piloted in developed areas of e-commerce, and China’s first electronic invoice was also issued by e-commerce companies. On June 27th, 2013, JD.COM issued the first electronic invoice in the Mainland. However, the electronic invoice at that time was mainly used as a proof of consumption, but it did not have the function of reimbursement. Since this year, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has clarified the reimbursement function of electronic invoices, and established that their legal effect, basic uses and basic usage regulations are the same as those of ordinary VAT invoices supervised by tax authorities.

　　From the overall planning point of view, electronic invoice can not only greatly save the cost of the invoice itself, but also reduce the indirect cost of invoice management. In the future, once the electronic invoice system is combined with the government’s fiscal and taxation departments and the internal operation system of enterprises, it can realize the digital operation management of invoice big data in enterprises and society, fully realize electronic centralized processing, and open up the whole system from enterprise accounting processing to electronic tax filing, which will bring obvious burden reduction to enterprise financial personnel. For example, when an employee of an enterprise spends money on business, the consumption record has been transmitted to the financial system of his enterprise and automatically enters the accounting management system from the moment when he pays the money and generates an electronic invoice, and the financial department can timely reimburse or incorporate the financial accounting into the financial figures of the enterprise; At the same time, this financial activity has also entered the monitoring scope of the tax system in real time, so that the tax verification is no longer carried out by reading invoices every month or year, but also realized real-time monitoring. This electronic process not only saves a lot of time, but also reduces a lot of financial bills and statements, which can obviously reduce the burden in terms of cost and labor.

　　However, the insider also said that this kind of burden reduction can only be effective after the entire electronic financial data system is completely established. At the beginning, only some links are electronically realized, which may be more troublesome than the traditional way. This is also the reason for various problems encountered in the current implementation of electronic invoices. He cited the problem that consumers now encounter in printing electronic invoices by themselves as an example. In fact, according to the design model, employees in future enterprises do not need to provide printed invoices to the financial department when reimbursing, but just transmit the data files of electronic invoices directly to the financial system. Financial personnel do not need to collect paper invoices, but can directly process these electronic data, including corporate taxation can also be handled based on these electronic invoice data, and the tax system is all paperless. "With this process, the burden on financial personnel will definitely be reduced!"

　　observe

　　Electronic invoices are unfair to consumers at present.

　　Although electronic invoices have many advantages, such as being easy to save, being able to reprint after being lost, customers are still willing to choose traditional ordinary invoices when they can choose. The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned at Jishuitan Gas Station that this gas station was piloted for three months and only issued more than 100 electronic invoices. Many customers said that they didn’t choose electronic invoices because they were afraid of trouble, and the unit reimbursement still needed a paper version.

　　In this regard, some financial people said that in the case that the whole paperless chain of finance and taxation has not been fully opened, it is definitely not cost-saving to realize electronization in the invoice link at present, but the cost of invoice paper saved by merchants is passed on to consumers. Strictly speaking, this is unfair. He believes that at this stage, businesses should provide consumers with choices, and consumers who think electronic invoices are convenient can get electronic invoices, otherwise they have the right to choose ordinary paper invoices. Judging from the current practice, businesses that can do this basically have no problems in implementing electronic invoices.

　　In addition, Liu Musheng, a researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Henan State Taxation Bureau, believes that the state should speed up the construction of the electronic invoice management system, strengthen the top-level design, and form a unified, unique and authoritative electronic invoice management system. "The system should be designed and developed by State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China in a unified way and deployed in different provinces. The electronic invoice management system should include an invoicing subsystem and an inquiry subsystem. Electronic invoices are only generated in the invoicing subsystem, and electronic invoice information is stored in the electronic invoice management system and should not be stored in any third-party platform. "

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Take the initiative! Beijing Fangshan Ecological Environment Bureau has made a heavy blow to mobile air pollution.

　　CCTV News:On March 29th, law enforcement officers from Beijing Fangshan Ecological Environment Bureau went to Yanshan Petrochemical Company to inspect the exhaust emissions of diesel forklifts in use in the organic chemical plant of Beijing Dongfang Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yanshan Branch of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (No.2 Storage and Transportation Plant). A total of 40 diesel forklifts were inspected on site, of which 27 had obvious smoke emission by visual inspection, and the emissions exceeded the standard. They were ordered to stop using them immediately and put on file for investigation and handling.

　　According to the source analysis results of PM2.5 in Beijing, mobile sources account for 45% of the local emission contribution, which is the main source of air pollution. According to Beijing’s action plan for defending the blue sky in 2019, in order to do a solid job in filing and issuing bids for off-road mobile machinery and implementing low-emission areas, and effectively increase the supervision of off-road mobile machinery, Fangshan District Ecological Environment Bureau comprehensively used law enforcement means and made precise policies to organize and carry out special law enforcement inspection actions for off-road mobile machinery entering households.

　　It is understood that since the beginning of this year, Fangshan District Ecological Environment Bureau has comprehensively strengthened the supervision of environmental pollution sources and intensified efforts to carry out full-time accurate law enforcement in accordance with the requirements put forward by the district Committee, such as "stressing politics, hard work and enforcement". Up to now, 782 heavy-duty diesel vehicles have been inspected at home, and 70 diesel vehicles with excessive emissions have been investigated, with a fine of 60,500 yuan, an increase of 778.65% compared with last year, an increase of 204.35% in the number of inspections, and an increase of 188.1% in the amount of fines. 385 sets of construction machinery were inspected at home, and 47 sets of construction machinery with excessive emissions were investigated, with a fine of 235,000 yuan, an increase of 305.26% compared with last year, and the amount and amount of investigation increased by 840%.

　　In addition, for vehicles exceeding the standard, "strictly guard against death", three of the six entrances to Beijing and comprehensive checkpoints in the whole district focus on 24-hour all-weather law enforcement supervision, while others implement 24-hour mobile law enforcement, and cooperate with relevant departments to increase inspection and punishment. Normalized and institutionalized management uses smokemeters, OBD detectors and nitrogen oxide detection equipment to conduct "all-round physical examination" on vehicles entering Beijing, and strictly controls vehicles that are "sick" and does not let go of one from the southwest. Up to now, a total of 34,670 heavy-duty diesel vehicles have been manually inspected and sampled, and 2,911 vehicles exceeding the standard have been punished with a fine of 582,200 yuan. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles with excessive emissions detected in law enforcement are included in the city’s "blacklist of excessive vehicles" database, and heavy-duty diesel vehicles from other places with excessive emissions are not allowed to go through the formalities of entering Beijing before passing the re-inspection. In addition, the Notice of Foreign Motor Vehicle Drivers with Excessive Emissions was issued, informing the vehicles with excessive emissions to go through the environmental protection procedures in Beijing after maintenance and re-inspection, ensuring that the vehicles in Beijing meet the emission standards, and persuading 1,594 vehicles to return to Beijing or transit.

　　In the next step, Fangshan District Bureau of Ecology and Environment will conduct a comprehensive arrangement according to the situation of non-road mobile machinery in the whole region and establish an account of non-road mobile machinery in the whole region. Constantly increase the supervision of mobile pollution sources and the precise law enforcement of "double high" enterprises, investigate and deal with vehicles with unqualified emissions according to law, and order them to be repaired, replaced or eliminated. At the same time, public publicity and household publicity are adopted to promote the renewal and elimination of old vehicles in enterprises and continuously improve the level of environmental protection. (Liu Haijun)

Organization, powers and rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).

　　　　Editor’s Note The second meeting of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) closed a few days ago. After the meeting, the Standing Committee held a special lecture on duty study. Hu Kangsheng, Chairman of the NPC Law Committee, Xin Chunying, Deputy Director of the Legal Affairs Committee of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and Qiao Xiaoyang, Deputy Secretary-General of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), gave lectures on the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s Organization, Authority and Rules of Procedure, Legislative Law and Legislative Work in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and Supervision Law and Supervision Work in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) respectively. Holding a lecture on duty performance is an important measure for the new the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) to strengthen its own construction and improve its ability to perform its duties according to law and work level. Its lecture topics are significant and profound, and it is also concerned by the readers. With the consent of the speaker, this print will be published one after another from this issue, so please pay attention.


Organization, powers and rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).


Hu Kangsheng, Chairman of the NPC Law Committee


　　　　Summary of lecture content:


　　　　I. Organization of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)


　　　　(1) the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is an integral part of the highest organ of state power.


　　　　(two) the composition, emergence and term of office of the Standing Committee


　　　　(3) Chairman the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s meeting


　　　　(4) The Special Committee of the National People’s Congress


　　　　(five) the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) credentials committee.


　　　　(6) Service organizations in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).


　　　　Second, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s functions and powers


　　　　(1) Legislative power


　　　　(2) Supervision power


　　　　(three) the decision on major issues


　　　　(4) Personnel appointment and removal rights


　　　　III. Rules of Procedure of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)


　　　　(A) the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s conference system


　　　　(2) the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s procedure.


　　　　The constitution has clearly defined the state system and political system of our country. Article 1 of the "General Program" of the Constitution stipulates: "People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a socialist country under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants." It clarifies the state system of our country and determines the nature of our country and the status of all classes in the country. Article 2 of the Constitution stipulates: "All power in People’s Republic of China (PRC) belongs to the people." It reveals the core content and basic principles of China’s national system. In our country, the people, only the people, are the masters of the country. The people are the masters of the country, and the most fundamental and important thing is to master the state power and exercise it. The constitution has established a regime that is suitable for China’s national system, that is, the people’s congress system. Through universal democratic elections, the people produce their own representatives and form people’s congresses at all levels to exercise state power. People’s congresses at all levels are responsible to the people and subject to their supervision. The National People’s Congress uniformly exercises state power, and the state administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs are produced by the National People’s Congress, responsible to and supervised by the National People’s Congress. This ensures that the people firmly hold the future of the country and the nation in their own hands from the national system. The people’s congress system is the fundamental political system of our country, and it is the fundamental way and the highest realization form for the people to exercise their right to be masters of their own affairs. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards upholding and improving the people’s congress system as an important content of unswervingly developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s democratic politics.In the work report of the Standing Committee of the first session of the 11th National People’s Congress and the speeches at the first and second sessions of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Chairman Wu Bangguo put forward general requirements and made specific arrangements for upholding and improving the people’s congress system and doing a good job in the work of the people’s congress, which we must earnestly study, profoundly understand and earnestly implement.


　　　　The Constitution stipulates the organization, functions and powers, principles of activities and basic working procedures of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The Organization Law of the National People’s Congress, adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress in 1982, specially set up a chapter on "the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)", which comprehensively stipulated the organization, activity principles and work of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), adopted at the 23rd meeting of the 6th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 1987, further refined the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s procedures of deliberation and work.


　　　　I. Organization of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)


　　　　(1) the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is an integral part of the highest organ of state power.


　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is a permanent organ of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and a part of the highest organ of state power. It exercises the functions and powers entrusted by the Constitution when the NPC is not in session. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is elected by the National People’s Congress, responsible for and reporting to the National People’s Congress, and subject to its supervision. The National People’s Congress has the right to recall members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and to change or cancel inappropriate decisions made by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).


　　　　The establishment of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress is an important feature of the organizational system of the people’s congresses in China. China has a vast territory and a large population, so the number of deputies to the National People’s Congress should not be too small. According to the provisions of the electoral law, the total number of deputies to the National People’s Congress does not exceed 3,000, and the number of deputies actually elected is close to 3,000. Too many deputies are not convenient for regular work. Generally, the National People’s Congress is held once a year, and the meeting only makes decisions on the most important issues of the country. Therefore, according to the Constitution, the National People’s Congress established the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) as its permanent institution. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has a relatively small number of members, which is convenient for frequent meetings. When the National People’s Congress is not in session, it can make timely decisions on major issues of the country, give full play to the functions of the highest organ of state power, and ensure that state organs can operate regularly and effectively.


　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) was established according to the 1954 Constitution, and it has reached the eleventh session. For more than half a century, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s organization and authority have undergone great changes compared with the past. At that time, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s authority was limited. For example, the 1954 Constitution did not stipulate the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s power to make laws. In 1982, the Constitution was amended, which expanded the functions and powers of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), transferred some functions and powers originally belonging to the National People’s Congress to its Standing Committee, and strengthened the organizational construction of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), so as to give full play to the role of the highest organ of state power.


　　　　(two) the composition, emergence and term of office of the Standing Committee


　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is composed of chairman, vice-chairmen, secretary-general and members. The members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) are elected by the National People’s Congress, and the candidates are nominated by the Presidium of the Congress from the deputies to the National People’s Congress. After deliberation and discussion by all the deputies, the official candidates are determined and elected by the Jiaotong University. It can be said that the members of the Standing Committee are the standing representatives of the National People’s Congress. If the members of the Standing Committee lose their representative qualifications for various reasons, their duties as members of the Standing Committee will be terminated accordingly.


　　　　In the past, members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) were elected by equal numbers. Since the first session of the Seventh National People’s Congress held in 1988, members of the Standing Committee have been elected by differences. The number of members of the Standing Committee of the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth National People’s Congress is 155. In order to improve the age structure and knowledge structure of the members of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), strengthen the regular work of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and improve the quality of deliberation of bills, the number of members of the 10th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) was increased to 175, and the additional 20 members were used to elect some relatively young members with professional expertise. The 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) maintained this practice, and the number of members of the Standing Committee remained at 175. This is an important measure to improve the system of people’s congresses.


　　　　In order to ensure that the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) effectively supervises the work of administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs, and that members of the Standing Committee can concentrate on the work of the National People’s Congress, the Constitution stipulates that members of the Standing Committee shall not hold positions in administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs; If you hold the above positions, you must resign as a member of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The "above-mentioned positions" here include all the positions of these organs.


　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s term of office is the same as that of the National People’s Congress, which is five years. However, the starting time of their terms of office is slightly different. According to the Constitution, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) "shall exercise his functions and powers until the next National People’s Congress elects a new Standing Committee." That is to say, when the first session of the new National People’s Congress begins, the term of office of the last National People’s Congress will end. However, the term of office of the last the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) did not end synchronously. Before the new Standing Committee is elected, it still needs to continue to exercise its functions and powers until the new the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) is produced. During this period, if there are issues in national life that must be deliberated and decided by the Standing Committee (such as deciding that the whole country or individual provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government will enter a state of emergency and need to appoint foreign ambassadors urgently). This regulation is to avoid the interruption of the work of the highest organ of state power due to the change of office. But this has never happened in practice. According to the requirement of abolishing life tenure in leadership positions, the Constitution stipulates that the chairman and vice-chairmen shall not serve for more than two consecutive terms.

Flowing China, Heading for the Spring of Hope —— Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024.

Spring Festival travel rush is a major event that concerns people’s vital interests, economic development and social stability.

At the press conference on the situation and work arrangement of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 held by the State Council Information Office on January 16th, Li Yang, deputy head of the Spring Festival travel rush Work Class of Comprehensive Transportation and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that Spring Festival travel rush is related to our families and our beautiful life. The Spring Festival is a holiday for everyone and a "big test" for people in our industry. We are confident to meet this "big exam" so that ordinary people can really travel safely, go home for the New Year and have a happy, peaceful and beautiful holiday.

The 40-day Spring Festival travel rush ended on March 5th. According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to exceed 8.4 billion person-times. Among them, the railway passenger traffic is expected to complete 480 million passengers; The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, of which 6.72 billion person-times (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) are expected to be completed by non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways, and 1.11 billion person-times are expected to be completed by commercial passenger traffic on highways; The waterway passenger traffic is expected to be 29 million passengers; The passenger volume of civil aviation is expected to reach 83 million passengers.

Through the data, we see a flowing China.

Road self-driving "takes the main force"　??

New changes have taken place in the structure of Spring Festival travel rush.

The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, including 6.72 billion person-times of non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) and 1.11 billion person-times of commercial passenger traffic on highways. It can be said that most people choose to travel by car this Spring Festival. During my stay in Spring Festival travel rush, various topics about "self-driving home strategy" and "self-driving home sharing" also appeared on social media platforms, which triggered extensive discussions.

With the deepening of the construction of a powerful transportation country, the highway infrastructure is improving. The total mileage of China’s comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, with highways accounting for 5.441 million kilometers, of which expressways account for 184,000 kilometers. In 2023, 7000 kilometers of expressways will be built, rebuilt and expanded. The powerful road network makes it possible for hundreds of millions of people to drive home in Spring Festival travel rush.

This year, Colin (pseudonym) who drove home alone returned to Hunan from Guangdong. She shared the high-speed anti-sleepy coup on her social account and won the praise of nearly 4,000 people. When someone asked her why she had to drive home alone, she said, "I thought it would be more convenient to have a car back to my hometown, and I wanted to take my grandparents out to play during the Spring Festival."

At present, all qualified towns and villages in China have access to hardened roads. By the end of 2023, the total mileage of rural roads in China has reached 4.6 million kilometers. The 10-year development of "Four Good Rural Roads" has achieved remarkable results, making it more convenient for migrant workers to go home for the New Year.

In order to improve the self-driving travel experience, on the eve of the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Security put forward "eight measures" to ensure road travel during major holidays, and at the same time launched the "e-road unblocked" WeChat applet to facilitate passengers traveling in new energy vehicles to inquire about the location, real-time status, charging mode and other information of national highway charging facilities. If they encounter related problems, they can also click "Sunshine Rescue". In addition, the inspection and maintenance of toll station facilities and equipment have been strengthened, the rapid handling of minor traffic accidents has been carried out, and parking guidance and charging facilities and equipment supply in service areas have been strengthened.

The theme of Spring Festival travel rush this year is "Safe Spring Festival travel rush, Convenient Spring Festival travel rush, Warm Spring Festival travel rush". When the cold wave struck, many places carried out the work of ensuring traffic and smoothness. They tried their best to eliminate road obstacles and ensure the smooth road to their hometown. Residents in the vicinity of the expressway take the initiative to send free food to the returning travelers on the congested road. The beautiful vision of "people enjoy their actions and things flow smoothly" will eventually come true, and we are all on the road.

Railway civil aviation "innovation"

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush railway passenger traffic is expected to reach 480 million passengers, reaching the highest level in the same period in history.

This year marks the 70th anniversary of Spring Festival travel rush Railway. After 70 years of development, China Railway strives for the upper reaches and makes every effort to serve Spring Festival travel rush. For Spring Festival travel rush, 12306APP has launched a variety of new functions, which are convenient for different groups to purchase tickets and guarantee personalized service.

Multi-branch offices focus on "warm cards". The passenger stations of Beijing Bureau actively connect with local education departments and universities, do a good job of statistical analysis, and optimize the passenger transport organization plan; Add a student ticket window, strengthen the organization of student passengers boarding and disembarking, and prepare multi-color ribbons to distinguish suitcases with similar colors and shapes. Lanzhou Bureau builds a "sunshine channel" to serve student travelers. Nanning bureau flexibly adjusts the operation plan, and makes a good analysis and prediction of transportation capacity in view of the transportation differentiation of college students. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Fuxing ushered in the first Spring Festival travel rush, and the "Tianlu Gesanghua" literary team entered the carriage to carry out literary and art gala activities to celebrate the Spring Festival in Spring Festival travel rush.

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush’s civil aviation passenger traffic is expected to reach 83 million passengers, reaching the highest level in history.

Many airlines said that they were welcoming the "hottest Spring Festival Golden Week". In order to do a good job in ensuring Spring Festival travel rush’s security this year, CAAC has actively guided airlines to arrange flight plans scientifically and reasonably on the premise of building a safe bottom line, so as to ensure that the transportation capacity is fully prepared and the resources are in place. It is worth mentioning that the C919 domestic large aircraft also successfully made its debut in Spring Festival travel rush. ?　?

In order to cope with freezing weather, the Civil Aviation Administration emphasized the strengthening of coordinated decision-making, the strengthening of winter operation support capacity, and the improvement of the normal flight level during Spring Festival travel rush. It is understood that in order to meet the demand for transportation capacity during Spring Festival travel rush, the Civil Aviation Administration recently implemented the optimization and adjustment of air routes in the mid-season of winter and spring in 2023/24, and approved a total of 3,198 flights per week on domestic routes, and added more than 2,500 international scheduled flights and overtime charter flights.

Extreme weather "keeps smooth"

During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, freezing rain and snow occurred in many parts of the country, especially in the central and eastern regions, which seriously affected the smooth progress of Spring Festival travel rush.

In the past 40 days, China has generally experienced two bad weather processes. Once, from February 1 to 9, a large-scale continuous rain, snow and freezing weather occurred in the central and eastern regions of China. This freezing weather has a wide impact, a large amount of snowfall, a long duration and a large area of freezing rain. The first time was from February 17 to 26, and there was also severe cooling and large-scale rain and snow weather in the central and eastern regions.

On February 1st, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, presided over a special meeting and video dispatching meeting, stressing the need to thoroughly implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and the prevention and response to low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters, and resolutely implement the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Response to Low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters before and after the Spring Festival issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council. Fully understand the great impact of the recent nationwide freezing rain, snow and ice weather on Spring Festival travel rush’s work, attach great importance to it, be highly alert and highly responsible, do all the work to prevent and deal with it, and strive to minimize the impact of bad weather on Spring Festival travel rush, fully guarantee the people’s safe, convenient and warm travel, and ensure the smooth and efficient operation of transportation and logistics. ??

—— On the highway side, many places have adopted various operation modes such as "people take a break without stopping", "removing snow immediately after landing" and "joint snow removal", and they have interacted with each other from top to bottom to remove snow and ice.

Henan started the "hard core" snow removal mode, that is, the next step is clear, the snow stops, and "Henan efficiency" continues to dominate the screen;

Hunan Xiangxi Expressway started the intelligent ice melting system for the first time in Phoenix Hub of G56 Hangrui Expressway, a key section, to realize accurate early warning of road surface temperature and road surface icing.

In Anhui, materials and equipment for snow removal and ice melting are preset in the sections prone to snow and ice and frequent accidents, and measures such as speed reduction, time-sharing and step-by-step traffic are taken to ensure smooth traffic to the maximum extent …

When a large range of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather meets Spring Festival travel rush, all localities immediately start emergency plans, promptly guide all localities to carry out snow removal and deicing operations, and go all out to ensure smooth traffic.

"Free hot water instant noodles" appeared on blocked highways all over the country, and warm-hearted actions were frequently staged.

-on the railway side, railway workers in many places cleaned up the ice and snow overnight.

Wuhan Bureau organized more than 2,000 workers to sweep snow and remove ice from overhead contact lines, lines, turnouts and other equipment for 24 hours.

Jinan Bureau organized a large ice truck to de-ice several contact lines such as Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Jizheng high-speed railway.

Zhengzhou Bureau set up several joint operation teams to dynamically observe the operation status of outlets by using infrared thermometers and telescopes to ensure the safety of equipment operation. ?　?

Xi’ an Bureau started the emergency plan for snow sweeping and deicing, and arranged special personnel to protect the turnout sections and driving equipment after snow removal;

Guangzhou Bureau stepped up inspection and overhaul, comprehensively inspected key places such as key lines, bridges and tunnels, and ensured that railway equipment and facilities were in good condition.

At the press conference held by the State Council Press Office on February 28th, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that with the joint efforts of all parties, so far, the overall response of Spring Festival travel rush this year has been orderly and effective, and the overall operation has been stable, which has withstood the severe test of complex and bad weather.

Perseverance and undefeated in winter; We bloomed in the cold wind and met in spring.

Every year in Spring Festival travel rush, the years are warm. In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully. People experienced the busyness and joy in the journey and felt the vitality of China’s vigorous traffic development. Everyone who sets foot on a trip to Spring Festival travel rush is an envoy to hope; Everyone who has contributed to Spring Festival travel rush is infiltrating the future of a powerful transportation country with sweat.

The year 2024 is the 75th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a crucial year to realize the objectives and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and also the fifth anniversary of the publication of the Outline of Building a Powerful Transportation Country. In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Through Spring Festival travel rush, we can further see the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

Spring and Jingming, everything is blooming. Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024, and a beautiful spring is slowly coming!

Let’s go, to the bright spring in the Year of the Loong. 　??

Is it wrong for pets to hurt their owners？ Different circumstances and different responsibilities.

　　In recent years, more and more families keep pets. Due to the characteristics of pet dogs, it is necessary to go out for a walk, which leads to more and more disputes over compensation for animal tort damage. What kind of responsibilities do pet owners have to bear for pet injuries in different situations? How to deal with some special situations of "pets don’t hurt people, but people are hurt by pets"? Below, we will analyze and interpret these related legal issues.

　　1. There are many situations in which pets hurt people, for example, they are not leashed, and pet dogs are prohibited. What responsibilities should pet owners bear respectively?

　　Case 1:

　　On the afternoon of September 12th, grandma took her grandson to play in the artificial lake in Gardening Mountain, Mianyang, Sichuan. Suddenly, a dog broke free from the leash and rushed over 10 meters away. Before grandma could pick up her grandson, the dog threw the child to the ground and began to bite. The woman holding the dog rushed to deal with it at the first time, but the dog never let go until the child’s grandfather arrived and pried the dog’s mouth open with a steel pipe.

　　According to family members, the biting dog is a Rottweiler, which belongs to a fierce dog. The woman holding the dog belongs to a pet shop, and the dog owner then rushed to the hospital, expressing his full cooperation with the treatment. At present, the police are investigating and handling it.

　　Media reporters found that in May, 2022, there were 29 kinds (categories) of prohibited dog directories in Mianyang Key Management Areas (Draft for Comment), and Rottweilers were among them.

　　On June 15, 2022, the Regulations on Dog Breeding Management in Mianyang City passed the examination and approval of the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th Provincial People’s Congress, and will be officially implemented on December 1, 2022.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　The principle of no-fault liability is generally applied in the Civil Code in cases where pets injure human beings. If it can be proved that the damage was caused by the intentional or gross negligence of the infringed, the liability may not be assumed or mitigated.

　　At this time, how to determine the responsibility should be considered from the subjective fault of the breeder and whether the dogs are in compliance with local mandatory regulations. Articles 1246 and 1247 of the Civil Code have made different provisions on animal wounding and dangerous animal wounding, respectively. For the definition of dangerous animals, Article 1247 only stipulates "dogs that are forbidden to be kept", and it is still necessary to determine which dogs are prohibited to be kept through specific local management regulations.

　　The Rottweiler involved in this case belongs to the local dog-keeping ban, but this provision has not been implemented at the time of the case, so it cannot be applied to determine the tort liability, but this does not mean that the breeder can escape the tort liability. In Article 1246 of the Civil Code, the breeder is required to take safety measures for raising animals. The safety measures required here should be considered in combination with the size of the dog, the possibility of injury and other aspects.

　　In this case, it can be seen that compared with small dogs, large dogs are more difficult to control when injuries occur, and simple leashes are not enough to avoid the possibility of injuries, so breeders should have higher duty of care. Simple leashes can no longer prevent dogs from hurting people, and more comprehensive ways should be adopted, such as putting a condom on the dog’s mouth. Therefore, in this case, the leashing behavior of breeders cannot be considered as that they have taken safety measures and should bear tort liability.

　　Case 2:

　　At 19 o’clock on September 15, Wang was walking on the road and was hit by a big dog that suddenly jumped out. Immediately, Wang was sent to the hospital for treatment. The diagnosis was a fracture of the sacrum and multiple injuries.

　　At the time of the incident, the local police station received 110 instructions and arrived at the scene to find out that the big dog was raised by He, and at the time of the incident, He’s dog was not on the leash. Wang sued He and demanded compensation for medical expenses, lost time and nutrition expenses totaling more than 30,000 yuan.

　　The court held that Wang was injured by a pet dog raised by He, and He, as the keeper and manager of the pet dog, should bear tort liability according to law.

　　After investigation, He has paid more than 10,000 yuan for the medical expenses advocated by Wang, and has no objection to the transportation expenses, follow-up treatment fees and spiritual comfort funds advocated by Wang. As determined by the court, He should compensate Wang for all losses including lost time and nutrition expenses totaling 16,940 yuan.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　Article 1246 of the Civil Code stipulates that if no safety measures are taken to raise animals and cause damage to others, only when there is evidence that the damage was intentionally caused by the infringer can the infringer’s responsibility be reduced.

　　In this case, Wang did not have any intention or negligence, and He did not take safety measures such as leashing the dog, which is actually very dangerous. This situation is completely in line with the situation that Article 1246 of the Civil Code did not take safety measures. He should bear tort liability for all the losses caused by Wang.

　　2. If the owner has fulfilled his obligations such as tying the rope and closing the door and window, but there is still an accidental injury, how should he be held accountable?

　　Case 1:

　　Recently, a video of an old man who died after tripping over a dog rope was circulated on the Internet.

　　It is reported that one night, Luo Mou, a girl from Luoshui Village, Shunde, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, took another villager’s dog out to play. When passing through Luoshui Market, the dog broke free from the restraint rope and accidentally tripped over the 88-year-old villager Mai, causing Mai to be injured and died after being sent to the hospital for rescue. According to the local town government, this incident was initially judged to be an accident.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　For pet injury cases, the fundamental thing is to judge whether the breeder has fulfilled his management obligations. In this case, the injury case caused by the girl taking out the dog kept by others actually belongs to the tort caused by the fault of the third person. At this time, the breeder has fulfilled the management obligation, and the reason for the injury of the infringed person is that the girl took the pet without consent, not that the breeder subjectively failed to fulfill the management obligation. At this time, the infringed person can claim from the third person or the breeder when pursuing the responsibility. If he claims from the breeder, the breeder can still claim compensation from the third person.

　　In terms of ultimate responsibility, although the girl who caused the damage is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct in civil affairs, her guardian should also be liable for compensation.

　　Case 2:

　　An old man walked his dog by the roadside in the morning, but unfortunately he was hit by a cat falling from upstairs and fell into a coma. According to reports, at present, the elderly are discharged from the hospital after more than 20 days of treatment, and their families and cat owners are negotiating compensation.

　　Lawyer analysis:

　　In this case, when the cat falls from the upstairs, we need to look specifically at the cause of the cat’s fall. If there is no man-made parabolic reason, only the cat escapes or accidentally falls, and the keeper has taken safety measures such as sealing the window, then the general principle of the Civil Code for the infringement of keeping animals, that is, the principle of no fault, can be applied. If the infringed person has no intention or gross negligence, the keeper still needs to bear certain tort liability.

　　3. How to deal with "the pet didn’t hurt people, but people were injured by pets"?

　　Case 1:

　　Recently, when riding a battery car through a section near Chen Mou’s home, Zhang was bitten by a dog from Chen Mou, which led to Zhang’s fall and hospitalization. Zhang then filed a lawsuit in court.

　　The court held that because the animals themselves are dangerous, they may cause others to be frightened and have psychological fear and thus induce damage. Therefore, as long as the animals raised cause damage to others, they can constitute the responsibility of keeping animals for damage, and it is not necessarily a prerequisite for keeping animals to bite or scratch others. Defendant Chen Mou, as an animal breeder, chased and bit Zhang by his dog, causing him to fall and get injured. In the case that the defendant had no evidence to prove that Zhang had intentional or gross negligence, the court refused to accept the defendant’s defense opinion, and the defendant Chen Mou assumed all the compensation responsibilities for the plaintiff.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　In the Civil Code, the principle of tort liability for damage caused by raising animals is no-fault liability. Compared with general tort, this principle has stricter management obligations for infringers. When this principle is applied, it is not mainly based on the fault of the actor, but on the objective existence of the damage result, and the tort liability is determined according to the causal relationship between the danger of the things managed by the actor and the damage result.

　　Because there is a certain danger in raising animals, even if the pet doesn’t hurt people, if there is a causal relationship between the damage result of others and the pet, then the breeder needs to bear the tort liability. However, although this provision is to better safeguard the rights and interests of the infringed, it still considers the fault of the infringed. In the case of intentional or gross negligence of the infringed, the breeder can reduce or even exempt the liability.

　　Case 2:

　　A few days ago, the topic of "a man kicking a dog in Chongqing caused the old man to fall" attracted attention. The video shows that an old man tried to separate the big dog from the puppy in a fight, when the owner of the puppy rushed to kick the big dog, causing the old man holding the big dog to fall to the ground.

　　In this incident, the reason why the puppy struggled with the big dog was that the dog owner let the puppy run around without a leash. In the end, the man involved promised to apologize and provide necessary compensation.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　The leash for raising animals has been expressly stipulated in various places now, and it has already belonged to the situation stipulated in Article 1246 of the Civil Code without leash. At this time, although the old man’s fall was not directly caused by the dog’s injury, it still had a causal relationship with the dog’s failure to leash, so the man involved should still be liable for compensation. At this time, if there are specific local management rules and regulations on pet leash, the man involved may be subject to administrative punishment.

　　Text/An Xiaoxue (lawyer of Beijing Jingpeng Law Firm)

Chief Connection ｜ Shen Wanhongyuan Zhao Jinhou： The agricultural sector is expected to continue to pick up in the second half of the year.

[Editor’s note]

In the past first half of 2022, macro hotspots at home and abroad were frequent, the A-share market was first suppressed and then promoted, the depth of popular tracks was adjusted, and the market style was drastically switched.

In the second half of 2022, how will the capital market be interpreted? On July 4th, The Paper and Wall Street jointly launched the "Road to Economic Market Rejuvenation"-"Chief Wired" 2022 Mid-term Market Outlook series live broadcast, face to face with well-known chief economists and industry analysts, and looked forward to the macro-economy, market trends and industry configuration in the second half of the year.

This issue is a dialogue with Zhao Jinhou, managing director of Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute, director of consumer goods research department and chief analyst. Zhao Jinhou has been engaged in the analysis of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries and listed companies for 25 years, and is currently one of the most senior industry analysts in China stock market. Not only is he familiar with the development course and trend of agricultural industry in China, but he is also familiar with the actual situation of various sub-industries and the fundamentals of related listed companies. Zhao Jinhou is the first platinum analyst of New Fortune.

The agricultural sector is expected to continue to rebound in the second half of the year.

Zhao Jinhou said that in the first half of this year, the overall performance of the agricultural sector was good. Driven by the two hot spots of rising international food prices and the pig cycle, the market was good.

"In the second half of the year, what will be the market of the agricultural sector? It is mainly necessary to pay attention to the factors that support the strength of the agricultural sector in the first half of the year, and whether it will change." Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that the first is food price, which also needs to distinguish between international food price and domestic food price, because the driving factors and logic behind them are not the same. There are many factors affecting international food prices. Among them, from the perspective of supply and demand, it does not support a large-scale and sustained rise, and it should be said that the probability of falling back is greater.

"Domestic food prices are not entirely determined by supply and demand. China’s grain policy has played a very important role in the long-term trend of domestic grain prices. Generally speaking, although domestic food prices will be affected by international prices to some extent in the short term, there will be periodic fluctuations. But the overall trend is still steady and rising. " Zhao jinhou said.

In terms of pig price, Zhao Jinhou said that there is little logical difference between judging pig price and food price, and it is also determined by supply and demand. However, the pig price has increased the game between slaughter and breeding. Because pigs can be pressed and sold in advance. Generally speaking, after moderate consolidation in the future, pig prices will continue to rise, but the pace of increase is uneven.

"In the second half of the year, as the fundamentals of the industry continue to pick up, the industry as a whole is expected to shift from loss to profit, from less profit to more profit. Next, the main concern of the agricultural sector is the recovery of the industry boom. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

International food prices are affected by many factors such as supply, demand and currency. In the next step, soybean prices are under pressure and wheat prices are still supported.

In terms of international food prices, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that supply, demand, currency and other three elements together constitute the fluctuation system of international food prices.

"Specifically, the international food price is mainly the price of international trade, and the main factors affecting the supply of major producing countries include geographical conflicts in major producing countries, local weather, export restrictions of exporting countries, and international oil prices. Among them, there are two ways in which international oil prices affect food prices. One is to push up the cost of agricultural materials and fertilizers, and the other is to bring about changes in supply. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou explained that, for example, with the rise of international oil price, the demand for ethanol fuel will increase, and more corn and sugarcane will be used to produce fuel ethanol, and theoretically the supply as food will decrease.

"In terms of demand, the total consumption as a whole increases with the increase of population. Although the global population is currently increasing moderately, from the perspective of international trade, once the price rises, countries will worry about the guarantee of their future grain imports, and they will increase imports and replenish stocks quickly, which will also affect international food prices in stages. " Zhao jinhou further pointed out.

In terms of currency, Zhao Jinhou said that at present, major international agricultural products have futures prices, loose money markets and inflation expectations, and the support of unfavorable weather will push up the futures prices of agricultural products, including grain futures prices, and fluctuations in the futures market will further affect the spot.

"In general, supply, demand, currency and other factors have comprehensively promoted the rise and fall of international food prices. However, the core foundation is the fluctuation of supply and production. " Zhao jinhou stressed.

Looking back, in terms of varieties, Zhao Jinhou believes that the important influencing factor of soybeans is the reduction of production. The decrease of soybean planting area in the United States in the previous year led to the reduction of production, and last year it was mainly caused by drought in South America. This year, the market generally predicts that the planting area will increase. Therefore, if there is no major natural disaster, the supply of soybeans will increase. Therefore, from the perspective of supply, the price of soybeans should go down from a high level.

"In terms of corn, the overall output will increase. In recent years, corn production has not been reduced, and the price is largely pushed up by the rise in oil prices. " Zhao jinhou said.

With regard to wheat, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that the increase in wheat price was mainly caused by overseas geopolitical conflicts, and the stock could not become an effective supply, which led to a decrease in supply in international trade and pushed up the price. At present, although the stocks of relevant countries are expected to be released to a certain extent, the wheat yield will definitely be reduced in the new planting year. Therefore, the price of wheat is still supported.

Domestic food prices have risen steadily.

Regarding domestic food prices, Zhao Jinhou said that the analytical logic of China’s food prices is different from that of international food prices, because China’s food prices are not completely determined by supply and demand.

"China’s grain policy will play a very important role in the medium and long-term trend of overall domestic grain prices." Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou said that China’s grain harvest has been achieved for 18 consecutive years, and last year’s grain output was also very sufficient. From the perspective of supply, there is no shortage of food in China, especially rations. Such as wheat and rice, are absolutely safe and well stocked. Therefore, from the perspective of supply, there is no reason for the sharp rise in domestic food prices.

"However, in fact, since 2004, China’s food prices have gone up all the way. On the one hand, there is a continuous bumper harvest, and on the other hand, food prices are constantly rising. The most important factor in this is the government’s price guidance. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that China is now implementing the minimum purchase price for rations. The so-called minimum purchase price means that countries with relevant prices will open their doors and set the bottom line of market prices, which highlights the state’s attention and support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. At present, China attaches unprecedented importance to food, especially rations.

"At the same time, due to the rising cost of grain planting in recent years, both the cost of land transfer and the cost of labor have led to a decline in farmers’ grain-growing benefits to some extent. Therefore, in order to ensure the planting area of grain and the enthusiasm of farmers, it is necessary to ensure the reasonable profit of grain planting. In addition to subsidies, it also brings the requirement that food prices must be moderately raised. " Zhao jinhou said.

Therefore, next, Zhao Jinhou judged that although domestic food prices may be affected by international food prices in the short term, there will be periodic fluctuations, but the overall trend is still steady and rising.

"It should be pointed out that because the increase in food, especially rations, will have an impact on the living standards of residents, it is impossible to increase substantially, and the increase must be moderate." Zhao jinhou stressed.

Domestic food prices, especially rations, will be relatively independent.

Regarding the synchronization of domestic food prices and international food prices, Zhao Jinhou said that this aspect involves the issue of food import dependence.

"Therefore, from the perspective of rations, I think that domestic prices and international prices will not be synchronized, and domestic rations prices are relatively independent." Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that due to the large domestic soybean import and the dominant position of soybean price in the world, the domestic soybean price may be synchronized with the international price.

The increase in food prices is beneficial to the seed sector to a certain extent, and the competitiveness of seed companies with strong scientific research strength is expected to be further moderately improved.

In terms of food security, Zhao Jinhou emphasized that in essence, the food crisis refers to how many people can afford food.

"From the perspective of population and purchasing power, rising food prices have caused more people to be unable to afford food, and then a food crisis has occurred, resulting in more people needing assistance. Therefore, it is the rise in food prices that aggravated the food crisis, not the food crisis that triggered the rise in food prices. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

In the next step, food prices are generally rising steadily. Therefore, from the perspective of industrial chain, rising food prices are unfriendly to its downstream, including feed food processing, food manufacturing, breeding, etc., and there are problems of rising costs. Unless the relevant costs can be passed on, its profitability will inevitably be compressed to some extent.

"For the seed industry, an important positive logic is the rise in food prices. Because in the A-share market, there are not many related targets for grain planting, and the seed sector is a natural beneficiary. " Zhao jinhou said.

However, Zhao Jinhou also stressed that the benefits of rising food prices to the seed sector still need to be treated dialectically.

"On the one hand, with the increase in food prices, the enthusiasm for grain planting has increased, and the planting area has increased, which has brought about an increase in the demand for seeds. On the other hand, the main business of seed companies in China belongs to outsourcing, that is, the mode is to contract their own land and give farmers corresponding funds per mu for planting. Therefore, in the rising food prices, farmers will have new requirements for income and more expenses. For seed enterprises, the macro demand has increased, but the cost of self-cultivation will also increase. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that the current GM policy will have a great impact on the pattern of planting industry, especially on the seed sector, which will bring about major changes in the industry.

"At present, genetically modified seeds are mainly divided into two categories, one is insect-resistant and the other is weed-resistant. Insect resistance can save the cost of pesticides and indirectly increase the yield. Herbicide resistance increases weeding efficiency. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou said that the progress of science and technology has changed the overall production mode and production mode of planting industry. Therefore, in the process of upgrading and changing the seed industry by transgenic technology, the industry concentration will be inclined to the seed companies with more scientific research strength, and their competitiveness and market share are expected to be further moderately improved.

The increase in pig prices is mainly affected by the supply side, and will continue to rise after the next step of moderate finishing.

In terms of pig price, Zhao Jinhou said that the judgment of the pig price cycle is a hot spot of market concern. The biggest influence factor in the field of pig breeding in recent years is African swine fever.

"From the sporadic appearance in November 2008 to the comprehensive divergence in the first half of 2019, it directly led to the subsequent shortage of pork. Subsequently, the industry began to recover quickly. Evolved to last June, the industry began to go to capacity. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that pig breeding and pig prices can be viewed from a more macro perspective.

"First of all, pig prices are the same as food prices, and supply and demand determine the price. Of course, because pigs can be sold in advance as well as on the fence, there is a game of slaughtering and breeding in the evolution of pig prices. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that generally speaking, the fluctuation of pig price is actually the most sensitive to the fluctuation of supply. Specific to this round of fluctuations, on the one hand, with the nationwide spread of African swine fever in 2019, the entire pig production capacity has decreased sharply. On the other hand, with the increase of pig prices, the state took measures to encourage breeding. By June 2021, the stock of fertile sows reached a high level, and the industry began to reduce production capacity.

At present, the rise of pig price is mainly caused by three factors. First of all, it is the supply side. Last year, the effect of reducing the number of sows began to be transmitted. In January this year, the number of piglets began to decrease. Furthermore, the output of commercial pigs has also dropped to a higher level.

"Secondly, it is the sales side. In the first quarter, the amount of live pigs slaughtered was still very high. However, due to the market expectation that the pig price will fall before the Spring Festival, the staged pork supply will be reduced. The superposition of national storage and storage, although not large, further reduces supply. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou said that in this case, pig breeding enterprises and farmers are optimistic about the short term, and they will be reluctant to sell and press the bar, which will lead to a decrease in supply. Pig price in such a game, there will be a "one price a day."

"Next, whether it is pressing the bar or reluctant to sell, it will always be sold. In the future, as the weather turns cold, the increase in consumption will stimulate the demand for pork, and it will take time for the slaughter to pick up. Therefore, after the current pig price rises ahead of schedule, there may be moderate consolidation in the future. But after finishing, the price will continue to rise upwards. At the same time, under the influence of pressure and reluctance to sell, the rhythm of lifting will be uneven. " Zhao jinhou judged.

Active de-capacity is coming to an end.

In terms of de-capacity, Zhao Jinhou said that the de-capacity logic of the pig breeding sector in May was somewhat lower than expected, mainly due to two factors.

"On the one hand, it is because the investment and financing amount of pig breeding is very large, and the digitalization and intelligence of modern pig farms are very high. The production capacity in this area can not be withdrawn casually like free-range farming. Therefore, these capacity increases will be at least until the end of this year. " Zhao jinhou said.

On the other hand, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that in 2020, domestic imported breeding pigs hit a record high and were put into production. Therefore, from the protection level of piglets, the production capacity is also upgrading.

"After May of this year, the number of fertile sows has no longer declined. It can be said that the initiative of enterprises to go to production capacity is coming to an end." Zhao jinhou said.

The recovery of pig price and the improvement of profit are certain expectations, and the fluctuation range of pig price will be appropriately smooth in the future.

In terms of investment in the pig breeding sector, Zhao Jinhou believes that in the future, it will not be possible to make relevant investments completely according to the logic of the cycle.

"At present, many pig breeding enterprises are doing an extension of the industrial chain, and the terminal is a food company. Therefore, there will be no great isolation in the industrial chain, and the game between them will be less. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that with the rise of some large pig breeding enterprises, it will be more and more difficult for new companies to enter the leading echelon in the context of increasing industrial capital and technology intensity.

"Therefore, in this round of capitalization and scale-up, after the leap-forward development of pig breeding, the future industry concentration will be further enhanced, and the fluctuation range of pig prices will be appropriately smooth." Zhao jinhou said.

Generally speaking, it is a certain expectation that the pig price in the pig breeding sector will continue to rise and the profit will improve. For the pig breeding sector in 2022, it is optimistic as a whole.

The pet food track has a good prospect but fierce competition, and chicken and eel farming are expected to recover.

In terms of investment, Zhao Jinhou said that this year marks the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute. Thanks to the profound research skills, brand advantages and long-term mutual trust with customers accumulated over the years, it has a securities research service team of over 300 people, covering 900 listed companies at home and abroad.

"In many research fields, Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute has built a full-cycle talent training system, including a full range of talent development outlines, a comprehensive training curriculum framework, phased training projects, teaching systems, supporting talent development guarantee systems and competition mechanisms, which have consolidated the foundation of team sustainable development and trained many investment and research professionals for the industry." Zhao jinhou said.

As far as the subdivision of agriculture is concerned, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that it is undeniable that pet food has been a good track in the past two years, with huge consumption and market space, but the competition is also fierce.

"At present, there is no absolute leader in the pet food industry. In the future, the industrial foundation is relatively good, and the competitive advantages of related enterprises that have been supported by overseas export business are expected to be further highlighted. The marketing brand built entirely by capital, if there is no follow-up financial support, will have a high probability of clearing out. " Zhao jinhou said.

At the same time, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that chicken prices are expected to recover after a long period of downturn. At the same time, eel farming is also worthy of attention.

"In addition, the promotion of genetically modified seeds and the research and development of new African swine fever vaccines in animal vaccines, which will have major changes in the industry, also contain certain investment opportunities."

Zhao Jinhou (qualification number: A0230511040007) Main viewpoints are based on the report: Focus: Price Rising Drives Performance Growth-Mid-term Investment Strategy of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Industry in 2022, June 30, 2022.

Observe the advanced biofuel industry and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity

Advanced biofuel industry accelerates the formation of new quality productivity.

China Energy News Network reporter Su Wei　

　　"With great development opportunities, China’s advanced biofuel industry has great development potential and will remain in short supply." At the 5th Global Summit Forum on Biomass Energy Innovation and Development, Zhang Dayong, Deputy Secretary-General of China Industrial Development Promotion Association and Secretary-General of Biomass Energy Industry Branch, expressed optimism about the development prospect of China’s advanced biofuel industry. "By 2030, the output of advanced biofuels in China will reach 23.98 million tons of standard coal, and the demand will reach 27.46 million tons of standard coal, gradually forming new quality productivity."

　　Advanced biofuels refer to gas or liquid fuels produced by physical, chemical, biological and other technical means with biomass resources as raw materials, mainly including bio-natural gas, bio-fuel ethanol, bio-diesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel, etc., which have the characteristics of green and low carbon and are widely used in the fields of automobiles, ocean-going ships and aviation.

　　At present, with many advantages such as green, low carbon and renewable, and the large-scale promotion in the international scope, China’s advanced biofuel industry is accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.

　　The scale development of bio-natural gas has accelerated.Biofuel ethanol production has increased substantially.

　　Bio-natural gas industry is an advanced bio-fuel industry that achieved large-scale development earlier in China.

　　20th CenturyIn 1970s, China’s biogas production technology and process gradually matured, which laid a good foundation for the development of biogas industrialization. From 2015 to 2017, China used a total of 2.6 billion yuan of financial funds to support the construction of 64 large-scale biogas projects. On average, the financial support of a single project accounted for about 30% of the total project investment, which provided a good support for industrial development.

　　In 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 departments jointly issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Industrialization of Biogas", proposing the development goal of biogas production exceeding 20 billion cubic meters by 2030, requiring strengthening the connection between biogas development and national planning, and preparing the development plans of provincial, prefecture-level or county-level key enterprises, proposing to speed up the commercialization development and construction of biogas industrialization, establish and improve the biogas industrial system, and clarifying a series of safeguard measures.

　　《National strategic plans such as "the 14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development" and "the 14th Five-Year Plan for Bio-economy Development" have also put forward key action areas for accelerating the development of bio-natural gas, including establishing an industrial system with counties as units, actively carrying out demonstration of bio-natural gas, making overall plans to build bio-natural gas projects with an annual output of 10 million cubic meters, forming diversified application modes, and accelerating the research and development of key technologies and equipment manufacturing.

　　The maturity of technology and the support of policies have cleared the way for the healthy development of bio-natural gas industry. At present, a number of enterprises, such as China Resources Group, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, China Power Construction Corporation, CSIC, China Energy Conservation Corporation and Huaxin Gas Corporation, have accumulated rich experience in the construction and operation management of large-scale biogas projects, and Jiangsu Huai ‘an Project of Guoneng Zhongdian Energy Group Co., Ltd. has been selected.China Theme Presentation of the 2022 United Nations Climate Conference. Chu Yan, president of Guoneng Zhongdian Energy Group Co., Ltd., introduced that the project integrated various biomass fermentation technologies from 2014 to 2016, with an annual output of 10 million cubic meters of biogas.

　　According to the incomplete statistics of the Biomass Energy Industry Branch of China Industrial Development Promotion Association, as ofBy the end of 2023, China had more than 200 large-scale bio-natural gas projects with a design capacity of about 880 million cubic meters./year,In 2023, the output of bio-natural gas is about 420 million cubic meters. The capacity and output of bio-natural gas have reached a certain scale, forming a new quality productivity. Zhang Dayong said that by 2030, China’s bio-natural gas production is expected to reach 3 billion cubic meters, and the demand will reach 10 billion cubic meters, which will presentsupply falls short of demandThe trend.

　　China’s biofuel ethanol industry began in the 20th century.In the 1990s, it began to enter the stage of large-scale development after 2000.exist"Don’t compete with people for food, and don’t compete with food for land."ofprerequisiteNext,Our country beganPopularize and usebiologyFuel ethanolAnd ethanol gasoline for vehicles..now,Ethanol gasoline runs in closed operation area.Overall stable and orderly. At the same time, eachbigFuel ethanol enterprises beginpositivetowardswithNongrainforproduction of raw materialsfuelethanoldirectiontransform.

　　Under various incentives, China’s biofuel ethanol production capacity has reached.5 million tons/yearAbove, quickly form a new quality of productivity.Biofuel ethanol production in 2022appointmentfor300Ten thousand tons.In 2023, thanks to the rise in oil prices, the enthusiasm of production enterprises was high.Biofuel ethanol productionsteady stepsGrowth,produceamountappointmentthreefour0Ten thousand tons.

　　Biodiesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel usher in development opportunities.

　　Compared with the development of bio-natural gas and bio-fuel ethanol industry, the scale development of bio-diesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel in China is a little backward, but due to its realizationThe great potential in the process of "double carbon" goal, coupled with the growing demand in the international market, ushered in new development opportunities.

　　In February, 2011, China officially implemented the standard of Biodiesel Blended Fuel (B5), which required the addition standard of biodiesel to be 1-5%, which stimulated the development of biodiesel industry..In April 2024, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice on Publicity of Biodiesel Promotion and Application Pilot, which supported in principle.Haidian District, Beijing,Dezhou City, Shandong Province and other units carried out pilot work on the popularization and application of biodiesel. The landing of the application promotion pilot,Yeah, open up the countryThe market demand space is positive.Function,Biodiesel industry ushered in a turn for the better.

　　In the renewable methanol industry, in the past two years,Under the background of "double carbon" target, the industry has been sought after more, and some forward-looking enterprises have begun to lay out gradually. By 2024fourMonths,Domestic built renewable methanol production capacity50,000 tons/year, filing, planning and under constructionNumber of projectsreachdozens ofA,Overcapacityone000Ten thousand tons/year.

　　In terms of sustainable aviation fuel,Before 2021, China was dominated by some pilot projects. In 2022, the sustainable aviation fuel industry developed rapidly, led by Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and followed by Yigao Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. At present, the total capacity of sustainable aviation fuel operation and planning is about.twentyTen thousand tons/year.

　　According to the statistics of Biomass Energy Industry Branch of China Industry Development Promotion Association,In 2022, China produced 2 million tons of biodiesel and exported 1.8 million tons, of which more than 80% were exported to EU countries, and it has become the second largest importer of biodiesel in Europe, second only to Argentina. In 2023, Chinaproducebiodiesel2.2 million tons, export 1.95 million tons.

　　In view of the fact that biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel produced in China are mainly exported, Liu Qiyu, a senior consultant in the transportation department of Rocky Mountain Research Institute, believes that how to connect with the carbon emission mechanism of consumers such as the European Union and realize the environmental rights and interests of producers is the key to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity.

Editor in Charge: Xuan Yu

Mercedes-Benz GLE Shanghai hot promotion! Lowest offer 487,800! Only this time

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