标签： 上海外卖私人工作室

Forty years of rolling stones are filled with stories of your time and mine.

Author: Zhao Xiaowei

Source: Material Life Reference (ID: wzshck)

Forty years ago, in 1980, in Building 3, Lane 290, Guangfu South Road, Da ‘an District, Taipei, Chung-Tan Duann, who had just finished military service, and his second brother, Duan Zhongyi, set up a small company called Rolling Stone Audio Publishing House.

This is not their first "rolling stone". Four years ago, two brothers who love music started a magazine introducing western rock music, called Rolling Stone, to pay tribute to the British rock band Rolling Stone.

The magazine lost money. After paying off the debt, the two brothers decided to continue to make music in another form. The goal of Rolling Stone Records at that time was to produce Chinese pop music.

Even though they were interested in the Chinese music scene, the two brothers, who were only in their thirties at that time, probably didn’t expect that this company would be open for forty years.

"Rolling stone can become a symbol of this era, completely exceeding the initial expectations." In an interview in 2010, Duan Zhongyi said this.

"In Rolling Stone, every name is a classic."

Bright yellow background, black and white round target and an arrow. Even if you can’t know the stars of the rolling stone, this logo is sealed in many people’s memories in various forms, either vaguely or clearly.

From the post-70s to the post-90s, and maybe even the post-60s and post-00s, almost no one has the youth to avoid the arrow of Rolling Stone.

Let’s talk about the past. In 1981, in Rolling Stone’s first album "Three-person Exhibition", the three main stars were: Pan Yueyun, Wu Chuchu and Li Lifen.

Among them, Pan Yueyun is the first signing singer of Rolling Stone, and the most well-known title song is "Am I Your Favorite Person"; As for Li Lifen, his masterpiece "bold and the beautiful", even people passing by in the 1990s can hum a few words;

Wu Chuchu, the only male on the cover, is a veteran who joined the Rolling Stones during the magazine period. Two years later, he ran away and founded a UFO record. In the following ten years, he competed with Rolling Stone. There were once all-powerful figures such as Cai Qin, Wang Jie, Jiang Yuheng, Jimmy Lin and Little Tiger, and most of them were idols. It is worth mentioning that Sandy Lam was later cornered by Jonathan Lee.

The first batch of singers signed by Rolling Stone showed strong humanistic characteristics. Zhang Aijia, who made the record Childhood by her boyfriend, and Chyi Yu, who sang San Mao’s poems, of course, it was this boyfriend who was originally behind the scenes, Tayu Lo, who finally influenced the direction of the rolling stone.

In April, 1982, Rolling Stone released Tayu Lo’s first album, "What is it?". Many years later, some people still remember this album lying among the cassettes: the black cover, four big red characters, and Dr. Luo wearing a black shirt and sunglasses, with the words "I am not happy" written all over his face.

Such a lump of black between a sweet and fresh cassette is very eye-catching and discordant, but it is also quickly noticed.

Tayu Lo, then a radiologist, pointed X-rays at the society and people’s hearts, and deeply reflected and criticized the development of Taiwan Province society. "Lugang Town" sings about the sense of loss in the transition from the countryside to the city, and "What is it?" mercilessly attacks the blind pursuit of modernization.

It is suddenly discovered that musical notes can not only be decadent, but also criticize and enlighten, and can also carry a more grand narrative-an unprecedented wave of criticism and reflection in Taiwan Province pop music, which has since emerged.

Tayu Lo is on fire. One album after another, one classic after another, has made him and a rolling stone full of humanistic spirit. "Nothing can be abandoned, and nothing can be forgotten". Today, nearly 40 years later, Dr. Luo’s songs are still played and sung repeatedly by various voices on the street at dusk and in the empty underground passage.

Then Jonathan Lee. He is a singer and the top producer of Rolling Stone. After joining the Rolling Stones in 1985, Jonathan Lee’s first record was Zhang Aijia’s Busy and Blind. In 1989, he created "Tell You and Listen to You" for Chan Sarah, which became the first album in Taiwan Province to break a million sales. The Chinese music scene has truly entered the era of record industry, and the Rolling Stone has since entered its heyday.

What followed was an unforgettable string of names: Chan Sarah, Huang Yunling, doll, bug, Zhao Chuan, Bobby Chen, Chyi Chin, Jeff Chang Shin-Che, Emil Wakin Chau, Sandy Lam, Xin Xiaoqi …

In this period, which may be regarded as the best time of Taiwan Province’s music scene, many names were "touched the stone into gold" by Jonathan Lee, and the infighting between Rolling Stone and UFO was raging. At the same time, Rolling Stone also expanded its market. In addition to setting up its own sub-brands and music studios with different personalities in Taiwan Province, it also set up a music factory led by Tayu Lo in Hong Kong, and established a magic rock culture in the mainland. Apart from the Tang Dynasty, Black Panther band and Ai Jing, it also made it "magic rock".

From the mid-1990s to the new century, although it was not as glorious as before, there were Wu Bai, Zhang Zhenyue, Su Huilun, Chen Qizhen, Rene Liu, Richie Jen, Xu Huaiyu, Karen Mok and Muji …
In mid-1999, before the arrival of the dangerous new music generation, Mayday and Fish Leong signed a contract with Rolling Stone. This music boulder, amid the noise at the end of the century, left everyone with one exciting pop music feast after another.
Looking back again at this time 20 years later, behind every name are countless songs that have touched you and me.

Walkman after 70′ s and 80′ s, CD player and mp3 player after 90′ s, such as the years when the green leather train rumbled by, on the playground runway, in the bustling streets and lanes, at the moment when lovers held hands and shared an earphone, these names and the melody connected with them are the background sounds of youth, and they are memories that need not be deliberately remembered and will be hard to erase.

"Because the Rolling Stone provided memorable songs to people when they were growing up, which became a very important memory in life." Duan Zhongyi once interpreted the "symbol of the times" attribute of rolling stones in this way.

It was the golden age when rolling stones could not be copied, and it was also the golden age when Chinese pop music was difficult to be copied.

"I’m in Rolling Stone, and I’m important."

The humanistic atmosphere and the trend of freedom began at the beginning of the founding of Rolling Stone. In Duan Zhongyi’s memory, at that time, everyone had no experience, no complicated process, and simply relied on intuition and inspiration, judgment and courage to do things.

Freedom has no limit, which has become the characteristic of rolling stones to some extent; The story of many people in the rolling stone also happened like a bridge.

Tayu Lo is naturally one of them. Born in a medical family, Dr. Luo is hesitant about being a singer or a doctor. The environment is not friendly to him: the vigorous folk song movement has been attributed to the plainness of campus songs, the concept of Singer-songwriter has not yet been formed, the authorities are extremely strict in ideological control, and Dr. Luo’s songs are just untimely full of irony and anger.

Every record company rejected Tayu Lo for a legitimate reason, but Rolling Stone made a different choice, even though a reporter in the newspaper predicted that "Even the Man" could only sell 2,000 copies. "No matter how many copies we sell, this is the music we are going to make." Duan’s brothers said this to Tayu Lo.

"What is it?" eventually sold 140,000 copies. The media commented that this record was "an atomic bomb dropped on the Taiwanese Mandarin pop music scene to change the history of pop music".

"Xiao Li" Jonathan Lee got off to a more bumpy start. Young Xiao Li is an out-and-out academic scum. He was sent to the most famous cram school by his mother who was a teacher, and eventually became one of the only two losers. The other student was slightly mentally retarded. When I went to a technical college, I took more than 50 credits after studying for five years, but I was still more than 200 points short. In the end, I had to drop out of school and make a living by sending gas.

But in Rolling Stone, Xiao Li is very bright. Busy and Blind started the so-called "concept album" trend that has been popular in Taiwan Province’s music world so far, and his solo album "The Genie in Life" laid a foundation for his expressive music style in the narration of emotions.

From Tayu Lo’s great narrative and era, full of collectivism, and returning to Xiao Li’s individualism, music critic Ma Shifang said that Jonathan Lee "can always find the light of poetry from the triviality of these lives and write epic verve from the trivial personal self."

This is the rolling stone. It can be grand or delicate, magnificent or tossing and turning. In the small building on Guangfu South Road, anything can happen.

For example, there are many stories from assistants to stars. Huang Yunling entered the Rolling Stone in 1986, and worked as an unpaid assistant for the first two years. It was not until 1988 that he wrote harmony for "Dream Field" sung by Chyi Yu and Pan Yueyun that he earned money for the first time.

She remembers that Rolling Stone was very creative and gambling, and the chairman also played poker with everyone after work. But "I still want to make achievements". If I am too tired, I will put a toilet paper on it and sleep casually in the company.

Emil Wakin Chau was also an assistant. He was "picked up" by Jonathan Lee in the folk song restaurant. Before that, because he took too many classes, he sang that his throat was inflamed, and the doctor put a needle into his upper jaw to draw blood, which made him "dying". Many years later, he recalled the Rolling Stones and remembered the out-of-print records of Chyi Yu and Li Jianfu on the record cabinet that entered the door. Every day after work, he copied them one by one, just like absorbing nutrients.

He is also a member of the company who sleeps casually. But the most special memory is not that Chung-Tan Duann, the boss nicknamed "Sanmao", told him not to go barefoot and bring slippers to the company, but that when he got married, Sanmao asked him: When do you want children? -in other companies, artists must be prevented from getting married.

At one time, he was very dissatisfied with his boss: he wrote songs for him, but he always turned to magazines. It was a long time before Chung-Tan Duann explained to Emil Wakin Chau: Many people listen to the radio while flipping through magazines, so it is not unusual to catch people while meditating, and it is only when others flip through magazines that such music can be successful.

Rene Liu was Bobby Chen’s assistant. She said she was "too nervous to walk" when she first entered the rolling stone. She was greeted by a poster of Su Huilun, and there were two big words: "I am on a rolling stone, and I am very important".

Some people become "important" slowly. When Li Manting first entered Rolling Stone, she felt that there was nothing to do. Later, she found out that this was the way for Chung-Tan Duann to employ people: put you in a sea and let you swim by yourself, and see what sparks you can hit.
So when she found Chung-Tan Duann and said that she wanted to write lyrics, Sanmao looked surprised, but agreed to let her try, so there was "Flower Heart".

At noon one day not long after, Jonathan Lee invited the production department to dinner, clamoring that there would be a recording in the evening, but the lyrics could not be written, and asked her and another colleague to write them. After sitting in the cafe for two hours, Li Manting handed in a draft of Laughing at the World of Red Dust.

In Rolling Stone, talent is a passport. Therefore, the eclectic way of employing people can last for many years.

Xu Huaiyu signed a rolling stone, which was heard by producer Weng Xiaoliang when he was drying clothes on the balcony;

"Mayday" was excavated. Jonathan Lee listened to the demo that Martha and A Xin sent to the front desk and personally called the head monster;

Fish Leong was recorded on a cd as a harmony after winning the Malaysian prize. It was also discovered by Jonathan Lee that she was called for an interview and finally became a generation of love song divas …

Duan Zhongyi once interpreted the slogan of Rolling Stone Record "I am in Rolling Stone, I am very important". In his view, this is a halo and a responsibility. "Let every employee know that Rolling Stone belongs to everyone and is responsible for all works and all people who listen to music."

"Rolling Stone loves you forever."

During the magazine period, the slogan of Rolling Stone was "Rolling Stone loves you forever". Duan Zhongyi said that this means taking readers as lifelong companions and lovers to love.

Love may never change, but the decline of the global record industry is hard to recover. Rolling stones are also in this spell.

Since the end of last century, the appearance of the music industry has changed forever under the embrace of Ipod and download. Rolling Stone, which signed more than 100 singers in its heyday and opened many branches in Malaysia, Indonesia, South Korea and other places, fell into a sharp shrinking trend irreversibly.

At the turn of the century, Rolling Stone Records suffered from both inside and outside: challenging international record companies as independent companies consumed a lot of marketing and advertising costs in the competition; The expansion front in the mainland, Hong Kong and overseas has been stretched too long; In the process of commercialization, the original powerful and humanistic music image has also been invisibly broken …

In 2001, Rolling Stone Hong Kong and Magic Rock Records closed down, and international companies gradually recovered the distribution rights of Rolling Stone’s records in Taiwan Province, and their singers Chen Qizhen, Yang Naiwen, Wu Bai and Zhang Zhenyue left one after another, which made Rolling Stone even worse. In 2005, Wan Fang, Richie Jen, Bug, Huang Pinyuan, Guang Liang were added to the runaway list … The following year, Mayday and Fish Leong joined them.

Falling down, the rolling stone is still looking for a grip and struggling to support it.

In 2008, the Vertical Line Band was established. Tayu Lo, Jonathan Lee, Emil Wakin Chau and Zhang Zhenyue toured for two years, creating two albums to awaken the collective memory with music;

In 2011, the 30th anniversary concert tour of Rolling Stone was launched. From Taipei to Guangzhou, I walked through 12 cities and performed 15 performances. It was hard to get a ticket.
In 2016, The Love Story of Rolling Stone was released. 20 classic songs of Rolling Stone, adapted into 20 episodes of unit TV series …
Although the prospect is not optimistic, the rolling stone is still trying to live. In June last year, Duan Zhongyi said in a speech that more than 3,500 of Rolling Stone’s more than 20,000 copyrighted songs were successful, and Rolling Stone suffered a crisis. "But it is these 3,500 songs that constitute the life of Rolling Stone."

The core of the rolling stone for forty years is music itself, and music is also the foundation for the rolling stone to survive in such a dangerous environment.

In an interview ten years ago, Duan Zhongyi said in retrospect that he would not talk about the rolling stone by its rise and fall. Rolling stone is a process, not an ending.

"The Rolling Stones will continue to fight." He said.

Running water takes away ten years in a hurry. The forty-year-old rolling stone is still fighting today.

References:

1. "Rolling Stone Records for 30 Years: Time Washes, Leaving a Rolling Stone", Author: Xu Pingke, Source: Netease Entertainment feature,

March 3, 2010;

2. "Looking back at the Three Turning Points of Rolling Stone Records from Prosperity to Decline", author: Park Fang, source: rhinoceros entertainment official, April 3, 2020;

3. The Story of Jonathan Lee’s Failure and Greatness, Source: Music Recommendation, April 18, 2020;

4. "Emil Wakin Chau: I survived by Jonathan Lee’s motto", source: Daily News, September 25, 2011;

5. Duan Zhongyi, founder of Rolling Stone Records: Rolling Stone is not noble and has not declined. Source: Beijing News, May 12, 2010;

6. A Brief History of China Pop Music, written by You Jingbo and edited by Li Gang;

7. Duan Zhongyu, Chairman of Rolling Stone Group: The content is the core value of the music industry. Source: Sichuan Daily Watch, June 17, 2019.

* The header picture and the text picture are screenshots of the network.

Electronic invoices are suspected to be unfair： printing costs are passed on to consumers.

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　In the case that the whole paperless chain of finance and taxation has not been fully opened, it is definitely not able to achieve the effect of cost saving by simply realizing electronization in the invoice link, but it is only to pass on the cost of invoice paper saved by merchants to consumers, which is not only more troublesome than the original paper invoice, but also unfair strictly.

　　As usual, Ms. Hu came to the Pizza Hut, which she frequented near the community, for dinner. After paying the money, she asked the waiter to make an invoice. The waiter said that the original paper invoice was no longer provided in the store, but was changed to an electronic invoice, which required customers to print from the Internet by extracting the code themselves. "Can I reimburse my own invoices?" In the face of Ms. Hu’s doubts, the waiter told her that the printed electronic invoices can be used as reimbursement vouchers just like the previous paper invoices.

　　Scenes like this can be said to be everywhere in many businesses in Beijing that have switched to electronic invoices recently. Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the tax authorities that the implementation of electronic invoices in China has accelerated this year. At present, businesses in many fields have started to use electronic invoices. However, because many consumers know little about electronic invoices and the application environment of electronic invoices is still immature, they have encountered a lot of complaints, and even caused friction between businesses and consumers.

　　site

　　You can receive the electronic invoice with a "scan"

　　Yesterday, the reporter of Beiqing Daily came to the Chongwenmen store of Pizza Hut to have a meal. When he asked the waiter for an invoice at the cashier, the waiter said that since July 1, Pizza Hut all over the country will no longer issue paper invoices. "We provide the invoice retrieval code, so you have to print the invoice yourself online." Subsequently, the waiter handed the reporter a receipt of the invoice extraction code. The reporter of Beiqing Daily logged into a web page with his mobile phone according to the prompt on the receipt. After entering the invoice extraction code, the web page prompted to fill in the invoice header, email address and mobile phone number. After filling it all out, an electronic invoice for this consumption was received in the mailbox within one minute. The page also shows that you can download the invoice. The waiter said that after downloading, you can print the invoice on A4 paper by computer and printer. According to the waiter, the electronic invoice generated on the mobile phone has the same invoice code and number as the ordinary invoice, which can be used to check the authenticity through the website of the tax authorities, and can also be used as an reimbursement voucher, which is exactly the same as the ordinary paper invoice.

　　Subsequently, the reporter of Beiqing Daily visited McDonald’s, KFC, Xiabu and other catering enterprises, and they all started to use electronic invoices recently. However, some catering enterprises indicated that they can also open original ordinary paper invoices according to customer needs, but some enterprises can only open electronic invoices.

　　In addition, some telecom business halls and gas stations have started to use electronic invoices since this month. Yesterday, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from Sinopec Beijing Petroleum Branch that four Sinopec-operated gas stations, namely Jishuitan Gas Station, Ritan Road Gas Station, Shiquan Gas Station and Beizhuan Gas Station, located in the North Second Ring Road, are piloting electronic invoices.

　　In the gas station near Jishuitan in the North Second Ring Road of Sinopec, Mr. Zhang added 200 yuan’s No.92 gasoline to the car, and then he went into the convenience store in Yi Jie to issue invoices as usual. When you see the store, you can choose the traditional paper invoice or the electronic invoice that is being piloted. Mr. Zhang is curious about what the electronic invoice looks like and asks to try it.

　　A QR code is displayed on the staff’s computer screen, and Mr. Zhang can receive this electronic invoice by "scanning" it with WeChat. The reporter of Beiqing Daily saw that the words "invoice details" appeared on the screen of the mobile phone after scanning, and the following contents were listed in turn: invoice date, invoice code, seller’s name, buyer’s name and tax price. At the bottom is the green box of "View Electronic Invoice". Click to download the "original" electronic invoice of Beijing VAT electronic ordinary invoice. Mr. Zhang said that the unit reimbursement needs a paper version, and the staff immediately helped print the electronic invoice.

　　Ms. Li, a citizen of Beijing Unicom, wanted to print an invoice after paying the landline phone bill at the bank a few days ago, and was told by the bank that she needed to contact the operator herself. Ms. Li then came to Unicom’s business hall. After reporting the corresponding telephone number, the staff said that if Ms. Li was asked to provide an email address, she would send an electronic invoice, which needs to be downloaded and printed by herself. At present, the paper version of the telephone bill is not provided.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned through the official customer service of Beijing Unicom that the relevant regulations on replacing paper invoices with electronic invoices have been uniformly implemented since June 20 and apply to all Unicom business halls in this city. At the same time, not only the telephone bills of mobile phones and landlines only provide electronic invoices at present, but also the communication service invoices for purchasing prepaid cards. However, the reporter of Beiqing Daily then came to several business halls of the other two operators and learned that Beijing Mobile and Beijing Telecom are still using the previous invoice and printing forms. (Reporter Yan Lishuang Ren Xiaoyuan Intern reporter Yang Simeng)

　　press sb for an interview

　　It costs one or two yuan per invoice for elderly customers.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned in the interview that consumers’ views on electronic invoices are seriously polarized. Although some people think that electronic invoices are more convenient than before, most consumers think that this new thing has added trouble to themselves.

　　"In the past, I often couldn’t find one piece after invoicing, but now I can submit it for reimbursement and then print it, and I feel more convenient than before." A consumer who often eats in fast food restaurants said that the unit reimbursed a part of the meal allowance every month, and now it is not so messy to pay invoices. "If the original invoice is lost and dirty, there is no way. Now the electronic invoice can be printed repeatedly, which is more humanized!" Xiao Zhang, a company employee who travels frequently, is also very fond of electronic invoices.

　　However, this is also an inconvenient place for many consumers. "In the past, when you finished spending, you put the invoice in your wallet and just sort it out when you use it, but now you have to remember when and where you spent it, and then go online one by one, and sometimes you really miss it!"

　　The people who complain most about electronic invoices are those who don’t usually use computers or don’t have printers around. At present, electronic invoices are still inseparable from the step of printing paper invoices in the financial system, so their environmental protection has not yet been reflected. They just transfer the printing link from merchants to consumers, and some consumers even have to pay for printing at the printing shop themselves, thus increasing the cost of use and time. "Usually it costs one or two yuan to print an electronic invoice, which is equivalent to the invoice that can be obtained directly, and now it costs extra money to get it." An elderly customer is quite dissatisfied with this.

　　In the interview, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that in fact, Beijing began to pilot electronic invoices three years ago, but the initial pilots were basically e-commerce, and most of their consumer groups had a high acceptance of electronic invoices, so they did not cause too many reactions. However, with the implementation of electronic invoices becoming more and more extensive, especially after fast food restaurants and telecom business halls are started to be used, the consumption is becoming wider and wider, and all kinds of inconveniences of electronic invoices are revealed, especially some consumers who are not familiar with electronic equipment have a lot of criticisms about printing electronic invoices themselves, and many elderly people even complain about it. "We can’t use smart phones or computers, and now we can’t even invoice things!"

　　In addition, it may be because of the initial use of electronic invoices, some waiters are not very skilled in this, and the time spent on issuing electronic invoices is no shorter than before. However, for skilled waiters, it is indeed more time-saving to issue electronic invoices.

　　pay close attention

　　Why do merchants love to switch to electronic invoices?

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned in the interview that the recognition of electronic invoices by most pilot businesses is significantly higher than that of consumers. Because although the unskilled service personnel in the initial stage of the pilot may lead to an increase in workload, in the long run, the cost saved by electronic invoices for businesses is still considerable.

　　Take JD.COM as an example. In the past, its annual invoice cost exceeded 50 million yuan, and it will undoubtedly reduce the cost of enterprises if paper becomes electronic. In addition, in the past, it was not only labor-intensive for enterprises to receive invoices from the tax bureau, but also they had to pay money for receiving invoices. Now, as long as they contact the tax service office through the network, they can directly synchronize the invoice number and code from the system to the enterprise’s billing system. According to the public information of Beijing tax authorities, the first electronic invoice was issued in Beijing at the end of June, 2013. Within the next six months, seven pilot enterprises, including JD.COM and Xiaomi, issued more than 41 million electronic invoices, saving enterprises more than 12 million yuan in comprehensive invoice cost and nearly 30 tons of invoice paper. Some business people told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that for many industries, the overall cost of ordinary paper invoices is very high. In addition to the paper itself, there are also the costs for financial personnel to receive and process invoices. According to some data, the average cost of each paper invoice can reach that of 1.6 yuan, so electronic invoices can really save a lot of costs.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China began to implement the VAT electronic invoice system this year, and in the first quarter alone, 60 million electronic invoices were issued, including more than 2,000 electronic invoices issued by mobile phones, which enabled the invoicers to issue invoices anytime and anywhere, greatly improving the work efficiency. It is understood that this year’s national electronic invoice implementation focuses on industries with large invoice volume, such as e-commerce, telecommunications, express delivery, public utilities and other industries.

　　query

　　Does the merchant have the final say in the rules of the electronic invoice platform?

　　In the interview, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that although the procedures for issuing electronic invoices are all in accordance with the unified regulations of the tax authorities, because the customer service platforms of electronic invoices of various merchants are independently established, the specific operation methods and regulations on electronic invoices are also different, which can easily cause confusion among consumers. Moreover, most of these platforms are built in merchants’ own customer service and even ordering platforms, and it is not very convenient for consumers to consult invoices.

　　KFC’s electronic invoice customer service platform is built in its own member platform. As soon as the phone is connected, there will be a voice to remind customers to join KFC members. In the actual operation, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that although consulting or printing invoices can be realized without joining members, automatic voice can still be misleading. According to the staff of KFC, they require customers to issue invoices online within 30 days after consumption, otherwise they may not be able to type them out. However, there are no such tips on the electronic invoice withdrawal documents provided by KFC stores.

　　Domino’s electronic invoice platform is built in its ordering platform. The staff said that the electronic invoice must first pay attention to Domino’s official WeChat, and the order to be invoiced needs to be found from the micro signal before the invoice can be generated. Domino’s customer service staff told Beiqing Daily that consumers need to apply for electronic invoices on the day of consumption, and there is no requirement for when to print them after application, which is obviously different from KFC’s regulations.

　　question

　　It is difficult for financial personnel to distinguish the authenticity of electronic invoices.

　　Although the country has made it clear that the legal effect and basic use of electronic invoices are the same as those of paper invoices, electronic invoices can also be reimbursed, but the reporter of Beiqing Daily found in the interview that many corporate financial personnel have a headache for electronic invoices.

　　"Because consumers print on their own, there will be differences in paper quality and printing effect, which is equivalent to canceling the physical anti-counterfeiting performance of the original invoice, and all the responsibility for identifying authenticity is pushed to the financial personnel. This responsibility is really too big!" Some corporate financial personnel said that they usually advise employees to choose businesses that issue ordinary invoices as much as possible, but now more and more businesses only provide electronic invoices, and whether to reimburse these invoices often leads to differences between employees and financial personnel.

　　In addition, electronic invoices can be printed repeatedly, which makes how to prevent repeated reimbursement become a problem faced by enterprise financial personnel. The financial personnel of some enterprises have specially done experiments. The same electronic invoice is almost exactly the same as the original invoice after copying. If it is used for repeated reimbursement, the financial personnel can’t identify it at all. In this regard, most financial personnel can only take the method of writing down the number of each electronic invoice that has been reimbursed, and checking whether this invoice has been reimbursed every time, which undoubtedly increases the work pressure.

　　respond

　　Some merchants can choose both invoices.

　　In the face of the complaints of consumers and the doubts of financial personnel, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found in the interview that some merchants currently provide ordinary invoices and electronic invoices at the same time, and consumers choose to solve many troubles encountered in the implementation of electronic invoices.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily logged into JD.COM Mall yesterday and saw that consumers can choose whether to let merchants issue ordinary invoices or electronic invoices after purchasing goods. According to customer service in JD.COM, electronic invoices have the same legal effect as paper coupons, and they are effective credentials for after-sales maintenance and user rights protection. At the same time, he told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that if individual users choose to issue electronic invoices first when shopping in JD.COM, it is also possible to exchange paper general tickets later, but there is a certain time limit, in which the electronic invoices for personal heads should be exchanged for paper invoices for personal heads within 30 days; The electronic invoice for personal head can be changed into the electronic invoice for company head within 60 days, and the finance department will issue it and send it to consumers within 3 to 5 working days after receiving the notice. Generally speaking, it is more convenient.

　　The urban and rural storage supermarket located in the northwest third ring road of Beijing has also been implementing electronic invoices for some time. The service desk here can print electronic invoices on paper for customers in need, and for customers with doubts, the printed invoices can be stamped with a special red invoice seal. For customers, this is basically the same as the process of issuing paper invoices before. According to the staff here, many customers who come to the supermarket to buy things are elderly people, and their acceptance of electronic invoices still needs a process, and many people really can’t go home to print invoices themselves, so they have introduced measures to print invoices on their behalf. "It is precisely because of these that we have basically encountered no resistance in the process of converting electronic invoices from ordinary invoices."

　　In addition, reporters of Beiqing Daily also saw in some McDonald’s restaurants that waiters can help customers print electronic invoices on A4 paper.

　　analyse

　　Why don’t consumers recognize electronic invoices?

　　According to the reporter of Beiqing Daily, it was learned from the insiders that in fact, the original electronic invoice was mainly proposed for e-commerce enterprises. At that time, the most prominent problem for consumers in e-commerce transactions was the invoice problem. Many merchants don’t provide invoices to buyers for various reasons, which has even become a "hidden rule" in the online shopping market. This phenomenon not only causes tax loss, but also brings evidence obstacles to consumers’ rights protection, and at the same time puts forward regulatory problems for this emerging market.

　　It is precisely for this reason that China’s proposal for electronic invoices has also been piloted in developed areas of e-commerce, and China’s first electronic invoice was also issued by e-commerce companies. On June 27th, 2013, JD.COM issued the first electronic invoice in the Mainland. However, the electronic invoice at that time was mainly used as a proof of consumption, but it did not have the function of reimbursement. Since this year, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China has clarified the reimbursement function of electronic invoices, and established that their legal effect, basic uses and basic usage regulations are the same as those of ordinary VAT invoices supervised by tax authorities.

　　From the overall planning point of view, electronic invoice can not only greatly save the cost of the invoice itself, but also reduce the indirect cost of invoice management. In the future, once the electronic invoice system is combined with the government’s fiscal and taxation departments and the internal operation system of enterprises, it can realize the digital operation management of invoice big data in enterprises and society, fully realize electronic centralized processing, and open up the whole system from enterprise accounting processing to electronic tax filing, which will bring obvious burden reduction to enterprise financial personnel. For example, when an employee of an enterprise spends money on business, the consumption record has been transmitted to the financial system of his enterprise and automatically enters the accounting management system from the moment when he pays the money and generates an electronic invoice, and the financial department can timely reimburse or incorporate the financial accounting into the financial figures of the enterprise; At the same time, this financial activity has also entered the monitoring scope of the tax system in real time, so that the tax verification is no longer carried out by reading invoices every month or year, but also realized real-time monitoring. This electronic process not only saves a lot of time, but also reduces a lot of financial bills and statements, which can obviously reduce the burden in terms of cost and labor.

　　However, the insider also said that this kind of burden reduction can only be effective after the entire electronic financial data system is completely established. At the beginning, only some links are electronically realized, which may be more troublesome than the traditional way. This is also the reason for various problems encountered in the current implementation of electronic invoices. He cited the problem that consumers now encounter in printing electronic invoices by themselves as an example. In fact, according to the design model, employees in future enterprises do not need to provide printed invoices to the financial department when reimbursing, but just transmit the data files of electronic invoices directly to the financial system. Financial personnel do not need to collect paper invoices, but can directly process these electronic data, including corporate taxation can also be handled based on these electronic invoice data, and the tax system is all paperless. "With this process, the burden on financial personnel will definitely be reduced!"

　　observe

　　Electronic invoices are unfair to consumers at present.

　　Although electronic invoices have many advantages, such as being easy to save, being able to reprint after being lost, customers are still willing to choose traditional ordinary invoices when they can choose. The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned at Jishuitan Gas Station that this gas station was piloted for three months and only issued more than 100 electronic invoices. Many customers said that they didn’t choose electronic invoices because they were afraid of trouble, and the unit reimbursement still needed a paper version.

　　In this regard, some financial people said that in the case that the whole paperless chain of finance and taxation has not been fully opened, it is definitely not cost-saving to realize electronization in the invoice link at present, but the cost of invoice paper saved by merchants is passed on to consumers. Strictly speaking, this is unfair. He believes that at this stage, businesses should provide consumers with choices, and consumers who think electronic invoices are convenient can get electronic invoices, otherwise they have the right to choose ordinary paper invoices. Judging from the current practice, businesses that can do this basically have no problems in implementing electronic invoices.

　　In addition, Liu Musheng, a researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Henan State Taxation Bureau, believes that the state should speed up the construction of the electronic invoice management system, strengthen the top-level design, and form a unified, unique and authoritative electronic invoice management system. "The system should be designed and developed by State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China in a unified way and deployed in different provinces. The electronic invoice management system should include an invoicing subsystem and an inquiry subsystem. Electronic invoices are only generated in the invoicing subsystem, and electronic invoice information is stored in the electronic invoice management system and should not be stored in any third-party platform. "

Disclaimer:China Net Finance reprints this article for the purpose of transmitting more information, and does not represent the views and positions of this website. The content of the article is for reference only and does not constitute investment advice. Investors operate accordingly at their own risk.

Collection! 127 Harvard online courses are free! Attached are TOP school online course resources such as Yale, MIT and Stanford!

Recently, Harvard University likes to mention hot search again! Harvard university’s online courses have exploded among parents.It is understood that Harvard currently has 127 free online courses, which are quite comprehensive and can also issue certificates!

The course covers a wide range of knowledge, including law, world health, business, education, leadership training, computer science and many other fields. It is also convenient to attend classes, and the website is attached below:

Website:

https://online-learning.harvard.edu/

Harvard official website’s courses are all subtitled, so I recommend you to study abroad for er audition, so that you can not only test your English level, but also learn what the courses at Harvard University are teaching!

In addition, today, we have compiled the online course resources of TOP schools in the United States, such as Princeton, Yale, MIT, Stanford, etc., so learn quickly ~

Princeton University

Website:

https://online.princeton.edu/courses

In addition to online courses on Coursera and edX platforms, Princeton has also opened some free courses on official website since 2012, covering political, economic, astronomical, religious, artistic, computer and other disciplines. (If you want to know more about international schools, please call 400-888-5281; Or add a remote broadcast assistant [ID: yuanboguoji 114] to understand)

Yale University

Website:

http://oyc.yale.edu/

Official website of Yale University, compared with Harvard, is more serious and simple. Every course video has a complete professor’s explanation, including syllabus, recommended reading, course material production, exams and exercises. The video and audio versions of the lecture can be downloaded, which is convenient for daily study and very intimate.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Website:

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/new-courses/

MIT’s open course website divides subjects and subjects in great detail. At present, official website offers more than 2,340 courses to the public, with over 200 million visitors. The school believes that open classes can spread knowledge to more people, and they will open these courses for free forever.

Stanford University

Website:

https://online.stanford.edu/

The online courses of Stanford University are updated in real time, but some courses are linked to credits and degree certificates, and they need to be paid, so special attention should be paid when choosing courses. In addition, Stanford University has more free courses on Coursera and edX platforms. (If you want to know more about international schools, please call 400-888-5281; Or add a remote broadcast assistant [ID: yuanboguoji 114] to understand)

Duke University

Website:

https://online.duke.edu/

Duke University is well-known in engineering, biology, computer and other research fields. Business schools, law schools and medical schools rank among the top ten in the United States, and graduates are also very popular among American technology companies. Courses are divided into three types: free, paid and third-party Coursera/edX cooperation.

University of Michigan

Website:

https://open.umich.edu/find/find-open-educational-resources

The website information includes course materials, videos, lectures and assignments, all of which are publicly authorized, ranging from literature to dentistry. The course will also provide syllabus, lecture notes and reference materials, as well as guidance on how to use these authorized materials, including course list and video download /Youtube link.

Learning is a process that accumulates over time. I hope these online courses can help those students who want to impact the TOP university in the United States to know more about their target majors!

At 10 o’clock on July 28, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a typhoon red warning.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a typhoon red warning at 10: 00 on July 28.

　　The center of the No.5 typhoon "DOKSURI" this year landed in the coastal area of Jinjiang City, Fujian Province around 9: 55 am today (28th). When it landed, it was weakened from super typhoon level to strong typhoon level. The maximum wind force near the center was 15 (50m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center was 945 hectopascals. At 10 o’clock, its center is located in Jinjiang, Fujian, which is 24.7 degrees north latitude and 118.6 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force is 15 (50 m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center is 945 hectopascals.

　　It is estimated that Du Surui will move to the north-west direction at a speed of about 25 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually weaken.

　　Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on the 28th to 14: 00 on the 29th, there will be 5-7 winds and gusts of 8-9 in bashi channel, northeastern South China Sea, east of Taiwan Province, Taiwan Province Strait, most of the East China Sea, southwestern Yellow Sea, Taiwan Province Island, eastern Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, eastern Jiangxi, eastern Anhui and southeastern Shandong, among which the winds in Taiwan Province Strait and southern Fujian can reach 8-19.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on the 28th to 14: 00 on the 29th, there were heavy rains in parts of Fujian, eastern Jiangxi, eastern and southern Zhejiang, Shanghai, central and southern Anhui, southern Hebei, most of Shandong and central and northern Henan. Among them, there were heavy rains in parts of southern Anhui, northwestern Jiangxi, central and southern Zhejiang and most of Fujian, and local heavy rains (250-280 mm) in southeastern Fujian.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2018

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 28th

　　Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2018[1]

　　National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)

　　February 28, 2019

　　In 2018, in the face of the complicated and severe international environment and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments, guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, made overall plans to promote the "five in one" overall layout and coordinated the "four comprehensive" strategic layout in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress through stability, thoroughly implement the new development concept, implement the requirements for high-quality development, focus on supply-side structural reform, focus on deepening reform and opening up, resolutely fight three tough battles: preventing and resolving major risks, accurately getting rid of poverty, and preventing pollution, effectively respond to profound changes in the external environment, coordinate and stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks, and do a good job in stabilizing employment, finance, foreign trade, and foreign investment. The overall economic operation is stable, steady and progressing, the quality and efficiency are steadily improved, the people’s lives are continuously improved, the sustained and healthy economic development and the overall social stability are maintained, and new steps have been taken towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　I. Synthesis

　　According to preliminary accounting, the annual GDP [2] was 900309 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 6,473.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; The added value of the secondary industry was 36.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 46,957.5 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6%. The added value of primary industry accounts for 7.2% of GDP, the added value of secondary industry accounts for 40.7%, and the added value of tertiary industry accounts for 52.2%. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 76.2%, the contribution rate of total capital formation was 32.4%, and the contribution rate of net exports of goods and services was -8.6%. The per capita GDP was 64,644 yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. The gross national income [3] was 896.915 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5% over the previous year. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP [4] decreased by 3.1% compared with the previous year. The overall labor productivity [5] was 107,327 yuan/person, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year.

　　Figure 2: Proportion of added value of three industries to GDP from 2014 to 2018 by Xinhua News Agency

　　Figure 3: Energy consumption reduction rate of 10,000 yuan GDP in 2014-2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　Figure 4: Overall Labor Productivity in 2014-2018, issued by Xinhua News Agency

　　At the end of the year, the total population of mainland China was 1,395.38 million, an increase of 5.3 million over the end of last year, of which 831.37 million were urban residents, accounting for 59.58% of the total population (urbanization rate of resident population), an increase of 1.06 percentage points over the end of last year. The urbanization rate of registered population was 43.37%, an increase of 1.02 percentage points over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 15.23 million, and the birth rate was 10.94&permil. ; The death population was 9.93 million, and the mortality rate was 7.13&permil. ; The natural growth rate is 3.81‰ . There are [6] 286 million people with separated households in China, including [7] 241 million floating population.

　　At the end of the year, there were 775.86 million employed people in China, including 434.19 million employed people in cities and towns. In 2001, 13.61 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, an increase of 100,000 over the previous year. At the end of the year, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 4.9%, down 0.1 percentage point from the end of the previous year; The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.8%, down by 0.1 percentage point. The total number of migrant workers in China [9] was 288.36 million, up by 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, there were 172.66 million migrant workers, an increase of 0.5%; There were 115.7 million local migrant workers, an increase of 0.9%.

　　The annual consumer price rose by 2.1% over the previous year. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 3.5%. The purchase price of industrial producers rose by 4.1%. The investment price of fixed assets rose by 5.4%. The producer price of agricultural products [10] decreased by 0.9%. In December, the sales price of new commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities increased in 69 cities, but decreased in 1 city.

　　At the end of the year, China’s foreign exchange reserves were 3,072.7 billion US dollars, a decrease of 67.2 billion US dollars from the end of the previous year. The annual average exchange rate of RMB was 6.6174 yuan to the dollar, an appreciation of 2.0% over the previous year.

　　Supply-side structural reforms have been further advanced. The utilization rate of industrial capacity in the whole year [12] was 76.5%. Among them, the capacity utilization rate of coal mining and washing industry was 70.6%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over the previous year; The capacity utilization rate of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 78.0%, an increase of 2.2 percentage points. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale was 524.14 million square meters, a decrease of 65.1 million square meters from the end of the previous year. Among them, the area for sale of commercial housing was 250.91 million square meters, a decrease of 50.72 million square meters. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.5%, down 0.5 percentage points from the end of the previous year [13]. The annual cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 83.88 yuan, down 0.20 yuan from the previous year. The annual investment in ecological protection and environmental management and agricultural fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 43.0% and 15.4% respectively over the previous year.

　　New kinetic energy continues to grow and develop. Among the industries above designated size, the added value of strategic emerging industries [14] increased by 8.9% over the previous year. The added value of high-tech manufacturing [15] increased by 11.7%, accounting for 13.9% of the added value of industries above designated size. The added value of equipment manufacturing [16] increased by 8.1%, accounting for 32.9% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. Among the service industries above designated size [17], the operating income of strategic emerging service industries [18] increased by 14.6% over the previous year. The investment in high-tech industries [19] increased by 14.9% over the previous year, and the investment in industrial technological transformation [20] increased by 12.8%. The annual output of new energy vehicles was 1.15 million, an increase of 66.2% over the previous year; The output of smart TVs was 113.76 million units, an increase of 17.7%. The annual online retail sales were [21]90065 billion yuan, up 23.9% over the previous year.

　　Poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results. According to the rural poverty standard of 2300 yuan per person per year (constant price in 2010), the rural poor population was 16.6 million at the end of the year, a decrease of 13.86 million compared with the end of the previous year [22]; The incidence of poverty [23] was 1.7%, down 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The annual per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas [24] was 10,371 yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year, and an actual increase of 8.3% after deducting the price factor.

　　Second, agriculture [25]

　　The annual grain planting area was 117.04 million hectares, a decrease of 950,000 hectares over the previous year. Among them, the wheat planting area was 24.27 million hectares, a decrease of 240,000 hectares; The rice planting area was 30.19 million hectares, a decrease of 560,000 hectares; The corn planting area was 42.13 million hectares, a decrease of 270,000 hectares. The cotton planting area was 3.35 million hectares, an increase of 160,000 hectares. The oil planting area was 12.89 million hectares, a decrease of 330,000 hectares. The planting area of sugar was 1.63 million hectares, an increase of 90,000 hectares.

　　The annual grain output was 657.89 million tons, a decrease of 3.71 million tons or 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, the output of summer grain was 138.78 million tons, a decrease of 2.1%; The output of early rice was 28.59 million tons, a decrease of 4.3%; The output of autumn grain was 490.52 million tons, an increase of 0.1%. The annual grain output was 610.19 million tons, a decrease of 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, the rice output was 212.13 million tons, a decrease of 0.3%; The wheat output was 131.43 million tons, a decrease of 2.2%; The output of corn was 257.33 million tons, a decrease of 0.7%.

　　The annual cotton output was 6.1 million tons, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year. Oil production was 34.39 million tons, a decrease of 1.0%. The output of sugar was 119.76 million tons, an increase of 5.3%. The output of tea was 2.61 million tons, an increase of 5.9%.

　　The annual output of pork, cattle, sheep and poultry was 85.17 million tons, down 0.3% from the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 54.04 million tons, down by 0.9%; The beef output was 6.44 million tons, an increase of 1.5%; The mutton output was 4.75 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; The output of poultry meat was 19.94 million tons, up by 0.6%. The output of poultry eggs was 31.28 million tons, up by 1.0%. The milk output was 30.75 million tons, up by 1.2%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs was 428.17 million, down by 3.0%; 693.82 million pigs were slaughtered, down by 1.2%.

　　The annual output of aquatic products was 64.69 million tons, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year. Among them, the output of aquaculture products was 50.18 million tons, an increase of 2.3%; The output of fishing aquatic products was 14.51 million tons, down by 5.7%.

　　The annual timber output was 84.32 million cubic meters, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, 720,000 hectares of cultivated land were irrigated, and 1.44 million hectares of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation were added.

　　III. Industry and Construction Industry

　　The total industrial added value of the whole year was 30,516 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.2%. In industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.2% according to economic types; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.6%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 4.8%; Private enterprises increased by 6.2%. In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 2.3%, the manufacturing industry by 6.5%, and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries by 9.9%.

　　Among the industries above designated size, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 5.9% over the previous year, textile industry increased by 1.0%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 3.6%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 4.6%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 7.0%, general equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.2%, special equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.9%, automobile manufacturing industry increased by 4.9%, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.3%.

　　At the end of the year, the installed capacity of power generation in China was 1,899.67 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.5% over the end of the previous year [29]. Among them [30], the installed capacity of thermal power is 1,143.67 million kilowatts, an increase of 3.0%; The installed capacity of hydropower was 352.26 million kilowatts, an increase of 2.5%; The installed capacity of nuclear power was 44.66 million kilowatts, an increase of 24.7%; The installed capacity of grid-connected wind power was 184.26 million kilowatts, an increase of 12.4%; The installed capacity of grid-connected solar power generation was 174.63 million kilowatts, an increase of 33.9%.

　　The annual profit of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6,635.1 billion yuan, up by 10.3% over the previous year [31]. In terms of economic types, the profits of state-owned holding enterprises were 1,858.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6% over the previous year; Joint-stock enterprises reached 4,697.5 billion yuan, up by 14.4%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan reached 1,677.6 billion yuan, up by 1.9%. Private enterprises reached 1,713.7 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%. In terms of categories, the profit of the mining industry was 524.6 billion yuan, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year; The manufacturing industry was 5,696.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries reached 414.1 billion yuan, up by 4.3%. The profit rate of the main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6.49%, an increase of 0.11 percentage points over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the added value of the construction industry in the whole society was 6,180.8 billion yuan, up by 4.5% over the previous year. The profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification grade nationwide was 810.4 billion yuan, up by 8.2% over the previous year, of which 247 billion yuan was state-owned holding enterprises, up by 8.5%.

　　Fourth, the service industry

　　The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 8,420.1 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year; The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 4,055 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1%; The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 1,602.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%; The added value of the financial industry was 6.91 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.4%; The added value of the real estate industry was 5,984.6 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services was 3,243.1 billion yuan, an increase of 30.7%; The added value of leasing and business services was 2,442.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 11.4% over the previous year, and the operating profit increased by 6.5%.

　　The total cargo transportation in the year was 51.5 billion tons, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. The turnover of cargo transportation was 20,545.2 billion tons kilometers, up by 4.1%. In the whole year, the cargo throughput of ports above designated size was 13.3 billion tons, up by 2.7% over the previous year [32], of which the foreign trade cargo throughput was 4.2 billion tons, up by 2.0%. The container throughput of ports above designated size was 249.55 million TEUs, an increase of 5.2%.

　　The total passenger transport volume was 17.9 billion person-times, down by 3.1% over the previous year [33]. Passenger transport turnover was 3,421.3 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 4.3%.

　　At the end of the year, there were 240.28 million civilian vehicles (including 9.06 million three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 10.5% over the end of last year, of which 207.3 million were private vehicles, an increase of 10.9%. The number of civilian cars was 134.51 million, up by 10.4%, including 125.89 million private cars, up by 10.3%.

　　In the whole year, the total business volume of the postal industry was 1,234.5 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4% over the previous year. The postal industry completed 2.68 billion postal mail services, 20 million parcel services, 50.71 billion express delivery services and 603.8 billion yuan in express delivery services. In 2001, the total telecommunications business was [3.5] 6.5556 billion yuan, an increase of 137.9% over the previous year. The telecom industry added 172.67 million mobile telephone exchanges, reaching 2,594.53 million. At the end of the year, the total number of telephone users in China was 1,748.35 million, including 1,566.1 million mobile phone users. The mobile phone penetration rate rose to 112.2/100 people. There were 407.38 million fixed Internet broadband access users, an increase of 58.84 million over the end of last year, including 368.33 million fixed Internet fiber broadband access users, an increase of 74.4 million; The number of mobile broadband users [39] was 1,305.65 million, an increase of 174.13 million. In 2001, the access traffic of mobile Internet users was 71.1 billion GB, an increase of 189.1% over the previous year. The software and information technology service industry [40] completed software business income of 6,306.1 billion yuan in 2001, an increase of 14.2% over the previous year in terms of comparable caliber.

　　Figure 14: Number of fixed Internet broadband access users and mobile broadband users at the end of 2014-2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　V. Domestic trade[41]

　　The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 38,098.7 billion yuan, up 9.0% over the previous year. According to the statistics of business locations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 32,563.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 5,535 billion yuan, up by 10.1%. According to the consumption type, the retail sales of commodities reached 33,827.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%; The catering revenue was 4,271.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%.

　　Among the retail sales of commodities above designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 10.2%, beverages by 9.0%, alcohol and tobacco by 7.4%, clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear by 8.0%, cosmetics by 9.6%, gold and silver jewelry by 7.4%, daily necessities by 13.7%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment by 8.9%, and Chinese and western medicines by 9.9%. Furniture increased by 10.1%, communication equipment increased by 7.1%, building and decoration materials increased by 8.1%, petroleum and products increased by 13.3%, and automobiles decreased by 2.4%.

　　The annual online retail sales of physical goods reached 7,019.8 billion yuan, up by 25.4% over the previous year, accounting for 18.4% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, up by 3.4 percentage points over the previous year.

　　VI. Investment in fixed assets[42]

　　In the whole year, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 64,567.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over the previous year. Among them, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 63,563.6 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%. By region [43], the investment in the eastern region increased by 5.7%, the investment in the central region increased by 10.0%, the investment in the western region increased by 4.7%, and the investment in the northeast region increased by 1.0%.

　　Among the fixed assets investment (excluding farmers), the investment in the primary industry was 2,241.3 billion yuan, up by 12.9% over the previous year; Investment in the secondary industry was 23,789.9 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2%; The investment in the tertiary industry was 375.324 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%. Private investment in fixed assets [44] was 39,405.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%, accounting for 62.0% of fixed assets investment (excluding farmers). Infrastructure investment [45] increased by 3.8%. Investment in six high energy-consuming industries increased by 1.4%.

　　Figure 15: Proportion of three industrial investments in fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) from 2014 to 2018 by Xinhua News Agency.

　　The annual investment in real estate development was 12,026.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year. Among them, residential investment was 8,519.2 billion yuan, an increase of 13.4%; The investment in office buildings was 599.6 billion yuan, down by 11.3%; Investment in commercial premises was 1,417.7 billion yuan, down 9.4%.

　　In 2001, 6.26 million shanty towns were renovated, and 5.11 million were basically completed. 1.57 million households in rural areas across the country have rebuilt dangerous houses for poverty-stricken households who have set up files to establish cards [48].

　　VII. Foreign Economy

　　The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 30.505 billion yuan, an increase of 9.7% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 16,417.7 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1%; Imports reached 14,087.4 billion yuan, up by 12.9%. The import and export surplus of goods was 2,330.3 billion yuan, a decrease of 521.7 billion yuan over the previous year. The total import and export volume of countries along the "Belt and Road" [49] was 8,365.7 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 4,647.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9%; Imports reached 3,717.9 billion yuan, up by 20.9%.

　　The total import and export of services in the whole year was 5,240.2 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over the previous year. Among them, service exports were 1,765.8 billion yuan, up by 14.6%; Service imports reached 3,474.4 billion yuan, up by 10.0%. The service import and export deficit was 1,708.6 billion yuan.

　　In 2001, foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) set up 60,533 new enterprises, an increase of 69.8% over the previous year. The actual amount of foreign direct investment was 885.6 billion yuan, up by 0.9%, or $135 billion, up by 3.0%. Among them, 4,479 newly established enterprises were directly invested in China by countries along the "Belt and Road", an increase of 16.1%; The amount of direct investment in China was 42.4 billion yuan, up by 13.2%, equivalent to 6.4 billion US dollars, up by 16.0%. In 2001, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech manufacturing industry was 89.8 billion yuan, up by 35.1%, equivalent to 13.7 billion US dollars, up by 38.1%.

　　Table 13: Foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) and its growth rate in 2018 Xinhua News Agency issued

　　In 2001, foreign non-financial direct investment was 797.4 billion yuan, down 1.6% from the previous year, equivalent to 120.5 billion US dollars, up 0.3%. Among them, the non-financial direct investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" was 15.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 8.9%.

　　In 2001, the turnover of foreign contracted projects was 1,118.6 billion yuan, down 1.7% from the previous year, equivalent to 169 billion US dollars, up 0.3%. Among them, the turnover of countries along the "Belt and Road" was 89.3 billion US dollars, an increase of 4.4%, accounting for 52.8% of the turnover of foreign contracted projects. Foreign labor cooperation sent 490,000 laborers of various types.

　　VIII. Finance and finance

　　In the whole year, the national general public budget revenue was 18,335.2 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year. Among them, tax revenue was 15,640.1 billion yuan, an increase of 1,203.1 billion yuan or 8.3% over the previous year. A total of 1,313 billion yuan of local government replacement bonds were issued throughout the year, with an average interest rate of about 3.89%. In 2015-2018, a total of 12.2 trillion yuan of replacement bonds were issued, which basically achieved the established bond swap target of stock government. After replacement, the average interest rate of local government debt at the end of 2014 decreased by about 6.5 percentage points, and the accumulated interest savings were about 1.7 trillion yuan.

　　At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) was 182.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the end of last year. The balance of narrow money supply (M1) was 55.2 trillion yuan, up by 1.5%; The balance of money in circulation (M0) was 7.3 trillion yuan, up by 3.6%.

　　In the whole year, the scale of social financing increased by 19.3 trillion yuan, which was 3.1 trillion yuan less than that of the previous year. At the end of the year, the stock of social financing scale [52] was 200.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the end of the previous year. At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of all financial institutions was 182.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.2 trillion yuan over the beginning of the year, of which the balance of RMB deposits was 177.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.4 trillion yuan. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of all financial institutions was 141.8 trillion yuan, up 16.2 trillion yuan, of which the balance of RMB loans was 136.3 trillion yuan, up 16.2 trillion yuan.

　　At the end of the year, the balance of RMB loans of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks and rural commercial banks) was 16,982.2 billion yuan, an increase of 2,000.2 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. The balance of RMB consumer loans of all financial institutions was 37,790.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6,270.9 billion yuan. Among them, the balance of personal short-term consumer loans was 8,799.4 billion yuan, an increase of 1,998.9 billion yuan; The balance of personal medium and long-term consumer loans was 28,990.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4,272 billion yuan.

　　In the whole year, domestic trading places raised [5.3] 6,436.5 billion yuan, an increase of 1,357.2 billion yuan over the previous year. Among them, the initial public offering of 105 A shares raised 137.8 billion yuan, a decrease of 92.3 billion yuan; A-share cash refinancing (including public issuance, private placement, rights issue and preferred stock) was 550.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 250.4 billion yuan; Various entities raised 5,687.8 billion yuan by issuing bonds (including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, exchangeable bonds, policy financial bonds, local government bonds and enterprise asset-backed securities) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, an increase of 1,773.1 billion yuan; The national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises [54] added 577 listed companies, and the listed companies raised a total of 60.4 billion yuan.

　　Corporate credit bonds [55] amounted to 7.79 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.92 trillion yuan over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the original insurance premium income of insurance companies was 3,801.7 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year. Among them, the original insurance premium income of life insurance business was 2,072.3 billion yuan, the original insurance premium income of health insurance and accidental injury insurance business was 652.4 billion yuan, and the original insurance premium income of property insurance business was 1,077 billion yuan. Pay all kinds of reparations and pay 1,229.8 billion yuan. Among them, life insurance paid 438.9 billion yuan, health insurance and accident insurance paid 201.2 billion yuan, and property insurance paid 589.7 billion yuan.

　　Income, consumption and social security of residents

　　In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 28,228 yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.5%. The median per capita disposable income of the national residents [57] was 24,336 yuan, an increase of 8.6%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 39,251 yuan, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.6% after deducting the price factor. The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 36,413 yuan, an increase of 7.6%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,617 yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.6%. The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 13,066 yuan, an increase of 9.2%. According to the national income quintile [58], the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 6440 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower middle income group is 14361 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle income group is 23189 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper middle income group is 36471 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high income group is 70640 yuan. The average monthly income of migrant workers nationwide was 3,721 yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 19,853 yuan, an increase of 8.4% over the previous year, and a real increase of 6.2% after deducting the price factor. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 26,112 yuan, an increase of 6.8%, and the actual increase was 4.6% after deducting the price factor; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 12,124 yuan, up by 10.7%. After deducting the price factor, it actually increased by 8.4%. The Engel’s coefficient of national residents was 28.4%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous year, including 27.7% in cities and towns and 30.1% in rural areas.

　　At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers nationwide was 418.48 million, an increase of 15.55 million over the end of last year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 523.92 million, an increase of 11.37 million. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance was 1,344.52 million, an increase of 167.71 million. Among them, the number of employees participating in basic medical insurance was 316.73 million, an increase of 13.51 million; The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 897.41 million, an increase of 23.82 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 196.43 million, an increase of 8.59 million. At the end of the year, the number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits nationwide was 2.23 million. The number of people participating in industrial injury insurance was 238.68 million, an increase of 11.45 million, of which 80.85 million were migrant workers, an increase of 2.78 million. The number of people participating in maternity insurance was 204.35 million, an increase of 11.35 million. At the end of the year, a total of 10.08 million people in China enjoyed the minimum living guarantee for urban residents, 35.2 million people enjoyed the minimum living guarantee for rural residents, 4.55 million people enjoyed the assistance and support of rural poor people, and 10.75 million people received temporary assistance throughout the year. In the whole year, 49.72 million people participated in basic medical insurance and 38.25 million people received medical assistance. The state provided pensions and subsidies to 8.61 million ex-servicemen and other special care recipients.

　　At the end of the year, there were 33,000 social service organizations providing accommodation in China, including 30,000 for the aged and 664 for children. There are 7.824 million social service beds, including 7.463 million beds for the aged and 104,000 beds for children. By the end of the year, there were 27,000 community service centers and 145,000 community service stations.

　　X. Science, Technology and Education

　　The annual expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) was 1,965.7 billion yuan, an increase of 11.6% over the previous year, accounting for 2.18% of the GDP, including 111.8 billion yuan for basic research. In the whole year, 1,052 key national R&D programs were arranged, 563 major national science and technology projects were arranged, and 44,504 projects were funded by the National Natural Science Foundation. By the end of the year, there were 501 national key laboratories in operation, 132 national engineering research centers, 217 national engineering laboratories and 1480 national enterprise technology centers. The National Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Fund has set up a total of 21 Zhi Zi Funds with a total capital of 31.3 billion yuan. In 2001, there were 4.323 million domestic and foreign patent applications, an increase of 16.9% over the previous year; 2.447 million patents were granted, an increase of 33.3%; The number of PCT patent applications accepted [62] was 55,000. By the end of the year, there were 8.381 million valid patents, including 1.602 million valid invention patents in China, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population was 11.5. In 2001, 412,000 technology contracts were signed, with a turnover of 1,769.7 billion yuan, an increase of 31.8% over the previous year.

　　Figure 20: R&D expenditure and its growth rate from 2014 to 2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　38 space launches were successfully completed throughout the year. The Chang ‘e-4 probe successfully landed on the back of the moon and sent the data back to Earth through relay stars, marking the official opening of the first lunar patrol mission. The basic system of Beidou-3 was completed and began to provide global services; The first space-based platform of China’s seismic stereo observation system, the Italian electromagnetic monitoring test satellite, and the first satellite of Sino-French space cooperation, the Sino-French Ocean Satellite, were successfully launched. The second aircraft carrier went to sea for trial flight, the domestic large-scale amphibious aircraft made its first flight on the water, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened to traffic.

　　At the end of the year, there were 791 national quality inspection centers in China. There are 484 certification bodies for product quality, system and service in China, and 630,000 enterprises have been certified. There are 5030 legal metrological technical institutions in China, and 104.06 million measuring instruments are subject to compulsory verification throughout the year. In the whole year, 2,668 national standards were formulated and revised, of which 1,935 were newly formulated. The annual qualified rate of manufacturing products [63] was 93.93%.

　　In the whole year, 858,000 graduate students were enrolled, 2.731 million were studying and 604,000 were graduating. The college enrolled 7.91 million students, 28.31 million students and 7.533 million graduates. Secondary vocational education [64] enrolled 5.57 million students, 15.552 million students and 4.873 million graduates. Ordinary high schools enrolled 7.927 million students, 23.754 million students and 7.792 million graduates. Junior high school enrolled 16.026 million students, 46.526 million students and 13.678 million graduates. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 18.673 million students, 103.393 million students and 16.165 million graduates. There are 124,000 special education students, 666,000 students and 81,000 graduates. There are 46.564 million children in preschool education. The consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education is 94.2%, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school is 88.8%.

　　Figure 21: Number of students enrolled in junior colleges, secondary vocational education and ordinary high schools from 2014 to 2018, issued by Xinhua News Agency.

　　XI. Cultural Tourism, Health and Sports

　　At the end of the year, there were 2,075 art performance groups and 3,331 museums in the national cultural system. There are 3,173 public libraries in China, with a total circulation of [65] 845.29 million people. There are 3326 cultural centers. There are 214 million cable TV users, including 202 million cable digital TV users. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio programs was 98.9%, and that of TV programs was 99.3%. In the whole year, 323 TV series with 13,726 episodes and 86,257 minutes of TV cartoons were produced. In the whole year, 902 feature films and 180 science, education, documentary, animation and special films [66] were produced. It has published 34 billion newspapers, 2.4 billion periodicals and 9.5 billion books, with a per capita book possession of [67]6.85 books. By the end of the year, there were 4,210 archives in China, and 140.16 million volumes (pieces) of various archives had been opened.

　　The number of domestic tourists was 5.54 billion, an increase of 10.8% over the previous year; Domestic tourism revenue was 5,127.8 billion yuan, up by 12.3%. The number of inbound tourists was 141.2 million, an increase of 1.2%. Among them, there were 30.54 million foreigners, an increase of 4.7%; There were 110.66 million compatriots from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province, up by 0.3%. Among the inbound tourists, there were 62.9 million overnight visitors, an increase of 3.6%. International tourism revenue was $127.1 billion, up by 3.0%. Domestic residents left the country 161.99 million times, an increase of 13.5%. Among them, 155.02 million people went abroad for private reasons, an increase of 14.1%; 99.19 million people went abroad to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, an increase of 14.0%.

　　At the end of the year, there were 1.004 million medical and health institutions in China, including 32,000 hospitals, 12,000 public hospitals and 20,000 private hospitals. There are 950,000 primary medical and health institutions, including 36,000 township hospitals, 35,000 community health service centers (stations), 248,000 outpatient departments (institutes) and 630,000 village clinics; There are 19,000 professional public health institutions, including 3,469 centers for disease control and prevention and 3,141 health supervision centers. At the end of the year, there were 9.5 million health technicians, including 3.58 million licensed doctors and assistant licensed doctors and 4.12 million registered nurses. There are 8.45 million beds in medical and health institutions, including 6.56 million in hospitals and 1.34 million in township hospitals. In the whole year, the total number of medical consultations was [6.8] 8.42 billion, and the number of discharged patients was [6.9] 260 million.

　　In the whole year, Chinese athletes won 118 world championships in 24 sports, creating 15 world records. China’s disabled athletes won 50 world championships in 20 international competitions.

　　XII. Resources, Environment and Emergency Management

　　The total supply of state-owned construction land in China was [70] 643,000 hectares, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, the industrial, mining and storage land is 132,000 hectares, an increase of 7.2%; Real estate land [71] 144,000 hectares, an increase of 24.6%; Infrastructure and other land use was 368,000 hectares, an increase of 0.7%.

　　The total amount of water resources in the whole year was 2,796 billion cubic meters. The total annual water consumption was 611 billion cubic meters, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year. Among them, domestic water consumption increased by 1.4%, industrial water consumption increased by 0.6%, agricultural water consumption increased by 1.1%, and ecological water supplement increased by 3.8%. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is [72]73 cubic meters, down by 5.1% over the previous year. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value was 45 cubic meters, down 5.2%. The per capita water consumption was 439 cubic meters, an increase of 0.6% over the previous year.

　　The afforestation area was 7.07 million hectares, including 3.6 million hectares of artificial afforestation, accounting for 50.9% of the total afforestation area. Forest tending area is 8.52 million hectares. By the end of the year, there were 474 national nature reserves. The newly-increased soil erosion control area is 54,000 square kilometers.

　　According to preliminary accounting, the total energy consumption in the whole year was 4.64 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year. Coal consumption increased by 1.0%, crude oil consumption increased by 6.5%, natural gas consumption increased by 17.7% and electricity consumption increased by 8.5%. Coal consumption accounted for 59.0% of the total energy consumption, down 1.4 percentage points from the previous year; The consumption of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power accounted for 22.1% of the total energy consumption, up by 1.3 percentage points. The comprehensive energy consumption of caustic soda per unit, synthetic ammonia per unit, steel per ton, copper smelting per unit, and standard coal consumption per kWh of thermal power generation decreased by 0.5%, 0.7%, 3.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP in China decreased by 4.0%.

　　Among the 417 monitoring points of seawater quality in coastal waters, 74.6% of the monitoring points meet the national Grade I and II seawater quality standards, 6.7% are Grade III seawater, and 18.7% are Grade IV and Grade IV seawater.

　　Among the 338 monitored cities at prefecture level and above, 35.8% of them meet the urban air quality standards, and 64.2% fail to meet the standards. The average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities that failed to meet the standard (based on 262 cities where the average concentration of PM2.5 failed to meet the standard in 2015) was 43 μ g/m3, down 10.4% from the previous year.

　　Among the 323 cities that have carried out urban regional acoustic environment monitoring, 4.0% are cities with good acoustic environment quality, 63.5% are good, 30.7% are average, 1.2% are poor, and 0.6% are poor.

　　The annual average temperature was 10.09℃, down 0.30℃ from the previous year. A total of 10 typhoons landed.

　　The affected area of crops in the whole year was 20.81 million hectares, of which 2.59 million hectares were never harvested. In the whole year, the direct economic loss caused by floods and geological disasters was 106.1 billion yuan, the direct economic loss caused by drought was 25.5 billion yuan, the direct economic loss caused by low-temperature freezing and snowstorm was 43.4 billion yuan, and the direct economic loss caused by marine disasters was 4.8 billion yuan. In the whole year, there were 16 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above in mainland China, which caused 11 disasters and caused direct economic losses of about 3 billion yuan. A total of 2,478 forest fires occurred in the whole year, and the affected forest area was 16,000 hectares.

　　A total of 34,046 people died in various production safety accidents throughout the year. There were 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises, and 1.547 people died in production safety accidents, down by 5.6% over the previous year. The number of deaths per million tons in coal mines was 0.093, down by 12.3%. The number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles in road traffic accidents was 1.93, down by 6.3%.

　　Notes:

　　[1] The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics. The statistics do not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province. Due to rounding, some data are not equal to the total of sub-items.

　　[2] The absolute figures of GDP, added value of various industries, per capita GDP and gross national income are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices. According to the results of the third national agricultural census, the historical data such as gross domestic product, the proportion of added value of three industries and the labor productivity of all employees were revised.

　　[3] Gross national income, formerly known as gross national product, refers to the total initial distribution income obtained by all permanent units in a country or region within a certain period of time, which is equal to the gross domestic product plus the net initial distribution income from abroad.

　　[4] The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　[5] The total labor productivity is the ratio of gross domestic product (calculated at 2015 prices) to all employed people.

　　[6] The population with separated households refers to the population whose residence is inconsistent with the township street where the household registration is located and who has left the household registration for half a year or more.

　　[7] Floating population refers to the population separated by households, excluding the population separated by households within the municipal area. The population with separated households within the municipal area refers to the population within the jurisdiction of a municipality directly under the central government or prefecture-level city and between districts, whose residence and household registration are not in the same township street.

　　[8] At the end of 2018, the population aged 0-14 (including those under 15 years old) was 235.23 million, and the population aged 15-59 (including those under 60 years old) was 910.66 million.

　　[9] The annual number of migrant workers includes two parts: migrant workers who have been employed outside their own towns for 6 months or more and local migrant workers who have been engaged in non-agricultural industries for 6 months or more in their own towns.

　　[10] The producer price of agricultural products refers to the price when agricultural producers directly sell their products.

　　[11] Housing prices include rental housing rent, housing maintenance and management, water, electricity and fuel prices.

　　[12] Capacity utilization refers to the ratio of actual output to production capacity (both measured in value). The actual output of an enterprise refers to the total industrial output value of the enterprise during the reporting period; The production capacity of an enterprise refers to the product output that the enterprise can realize and maintain for a long time when the production equipment (machinery) keeps normal operation under the condition of guaranteed supply of labor, raw materials, fuel and transportation during the reporting period.

　　[13] Due to the adjustment of the caliber stipulated in the statistical system, statistical law enforcement, elimination of duplicate data, and divestiture of enterprise reform, the growth rate and changes of financial indicators of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2018 are calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[14] Industrial strategic emerging industries include energy-saving and environmental protection industries, next-generation information technology industries, biological industries, high-end equipment manufacturing industries, new energy industries, new materials industries, new energy automobile industries and other seven industries.

　　[15] High-tech manufacturing includes pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and information chemicals manufacturing.

　　[16] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

　　[17] The statistical scope of service industries above designated size includes transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, real estate (excluding real estate development and operation), leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, education, health and social work, with annual business income of 10 million yuan or more; Residents’ service, repair and other service industries, cultural, sports and entertainment legal entities with annual business income of 5 million yuan or more, or employees of 50 or more at the end of the year.

　　[18] Strategic emerging service industries include service-related industries in seven major industries, including energy conservation and environmental protection industry, new generation information technology industry, biological industry, high-end equipment manufacturing industry, new energy industry, new materials industry and new energy automobile industry.

　　[19] High-tech industry investment includes six categories of high-tech manufacturing investment such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, aerospace and equipment manufacturing, and nine categories of high-tech service investment such as information services and e-commerce services.

　　[20] Investment in industrial technological transformation refers to the investment activities that industrial enterprises use new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials to transform and upgrade existing facilities, technological conditions and production services to achieve connotative development.

　　[21] Online retail sales refer to the retail sales of goods and services realized through public online trading platforms (online platforms mainly engaged in physical commodity trading, including self-built websites and third-party platforms). The growth rate of online retail sales in 2018 is calculated by comparable caliber.

　　[22] Poverty reduction is equal to the poverty-stricken population in that year MINUS the poverty-stricken population in the previous year, and it is also equivalent to the poverty-stricken population in that year MINUS the population returning to poverty in that year.

　　[23] The incidence of poverty refers to the proportion of poor people in the target survey population.

　　[24] Poverty-stricken areas include concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas and national key counties for poverty alleviation and development outside the area, with a total of 832 counties. In 2017, the Aksu region of Xinjiang began to be included in poverty monitoring.

　　[25] Historical data of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery were revised according to the results of the third national agricultural census.

　　[26] The output data of some products in 2017 were verified and adjusted, and the output growth rate in 2018 was calculated according to the adjusted comparable caliber.

　　[27] Thermal power includes coal-fired power generation, oil-fired power generation, gas-fired power generation, waste heat, residual pressure and residual gas power generation, garbage incineration power generation and biomass power generation.

　　[28] The steel output data includes about 218 million tons of steel repeatedly processed between enterprises.

　　[29] In 2018, China Electric Power Enterprise Federation adjusted the statistical scope of installed power generation capacity, and the growth rate was calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[30] A small amount of installed power generation capacity (such as geothermal) is not listed in the bulletin.

　　[31] See note [13].

　　[32] In 2018, the statistical scope of cargo throughput of some ports above designated size was adjusted and extended to all enterprises in Hong Kong, and the growth rate of relevant indicators was calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[33] The total passenger transportation includes railway, highway, water transport and civil aviation business passenger transportation, of which highway passenger transportation accounts for more than 70%. In recent years, with the change of people’s travel mode, the number of residents traveling by car, online car sharing and carpooling has increased rapidly, which has diverted the road passenger traffic and led to a decline in the total passenger transportation.

　　[34] The total business volume of postal industry is calculated at the price of 2010.

　　[35] The total telecom business is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　The capacity of mobile telephone exchange refers to the maximum number of simultaneous service users calculated by mobile telephone exchange according to a certain traffic model and the processing capacity of the exchange.

　　[37] Fixed Internet broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through xDSL, FTTx+LAN, FTTH/O and other broadband access methods and ordinary private lines.

　　[38] Fixed Internet fiber-optic broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through FTTH or FTTO.

　　[39] Mobile broadband users refer to online users who have usage information in the billing system at the end of the reporting period and occupy 3G or 4G network resources.

　　[40] Software and information technology services include software development, integrated circuit design, information system integration and Internet of Things technical services, operation and maintenance services, information processing and storage support services, information technology consulting services, digital content services and other information technology services.

　　[41] According to the results of the third national agricultural census and relevant regulations, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in 2017 and the sub-base are revised, and the growth rate in 2018 is calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[42] According to the statistical law enforcement inspection and the results of the fourth national economic census, the fixed assets investment base in 2017 was revised, and the growth rate in 2018 was calculated according to the comparable caliber.

　　[43] The eastern region refers to the ten provinces (cities) of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; The central region refers to the six provinces of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan; The western region refers to 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; Northeast China refers to Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

　　[44] Private investment in fixed assets refers to the investment in the construction or purchase of fixed assets by domestic enterprises and institutions with collective, private and individual nature and enterprises controlled by them (including absolute holding and relative holding).

　　[45] Infrastructure investment includes transportation, postal services, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet and related services, and investment in water conservancy, environment and public facilities management.

　　[46] In addition to real estate development investment, real estate investment also includes self-built houses by construction units, property management, intermediary services and other real estate investments.

　　[47] High-speed railway refers to the railway with a maximum line speed of 200 km/h and above and the railway running only EMU trains below 200 km/h..

　　[48] The provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) reported the actual completion of the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas of poverty-stricken households by the end of December 2018.

　　[49] The Belt and Road Initiative refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

　　[50] The import and export of services are counted according to the standard of Balance of Payments Manual (Sixth Edition), and the growth rate is calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[51] The increment of social financing scale refers to the total amount of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system in a certain period of time.

　　[52] The stock of social financing scale refers to the balance of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system at the end of a certain period (the end of the month, the end of the season or the end of the year).

　　[53] The amount of funds raised in the domestic stock market is counted according to the listing date.

　　[54] The national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, also known as the "New Third Board", is a national stock exchange approved by the State Council in 2012. The accumulated fund-raising of listed companies in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises in the whole year does not include preferred shares.

　　[55] Corporate credit bonds include non-financial corporate debt financing instruments, corporate bonds, corporate bonds and convertible bonds.

　　[56] The original insurance premium income refers to the original insurance contract premium income confirmed by the insurance enterprise.

　　[57] The median per capita income refers to the per capita income of all the survey households in the middle position according to the per capita income level from low to high (or from high to low).

　　[58] The quintuple income grouping of national residents refers to arranging all the surveyed households from high to low according to the per capita income level, and dividing them into five equal parts on average. The income group in the top 20% is the high income group, and so on, followed by the upper middle income group, the middle income group, the lower middle income group and the low income group.

　　[59] Poor people in rural areas refer to the rural elderly, disabled people and minors under the age of 16 who have no ability to work, no source of income, no obligation to support, support or their legal obligations.

　　[60] Temporary assistance is an emergency and transitional assistance given by the state to families or individuals whose basic life is in trouble due to unexpected events, accidental injuries, serious diseases or other special reasons, which can not be covered by other social assistance systems for the time being or whose basic life is still in serious difficulties for the time being after assistance.

　　[61] In addition to adoption institutions, the number of social service beds also includes beds in rescue institutions, community institutions, military rest homes, military supply stations and other institutions.

　　[62]PCT patent application acceptance refers to the number of PCT patent applications accepted by China National Intellectual Property Administration as the PCT patent application acceptance bureau. PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty) is an international cooperation treaty in the patent field.

　　[63] The qualification rate of product quality in manufacturing industry refers to the implementation of quality sampling inspection by means of product quality inspection in accordance with the prescribed methods, procedures and standards, and the number of samples judged as qualified accounts for the percentage of all sampled samples. The statistical survey samples cover 29 industries in manufacturing industry.

　　[64] Secondary vocational education includes general secondary schools, adult secondary schools, vocational high schools and technical schools.

　　[65] The total number of people in circulation refers to the total number of people who received library services in the library venues this year, including borrowing books and periodicals, consulting questions and participating in various reader activities.

　　[66] Special films refer to those films that are displayed in different ways from conventional cinemas in terms of technology, equipment and programs, such as image maximum, stereoscopic movies, stereoscopic special effects (4D) movies, dynamic movies and dome movies.

　　[67] The per capita book ownership refers to the number of books published in the same year that each person in the country can own within one year.

　　[68] The total number of medical visits refers to the total number of medical visits, including outpatient visits, emergency visits, home visits, appointments, individual health examinations, and health consultation and guidance (excluding health lectures).

　　[69] The number of discharged patients refers to the number of all discharged patients after hospitalization during the reporting period, including those who were discharged from hospital by doctor’s advice, transferred to other medical institutions by doctor’s advice, those who were not discharged by doctor’s advice, those who died and others, excluding the number of family sickbeds.

　　[70] The total supply of state-owned construction land refers to the total supply of state-owned construction land provided by the municipal and county people’s governments to units or individuals for use according to the annual land supply plan in accordance with the law.

　　[71] Real estate land refers to the sum of commercial service land and residential land.

　　[72] The water consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP and 10,000 yuan of industrial added value is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　Source:

　　The data of urbanization rate of registered population, civil cars and road traffic accidents in this bulletin come from the Ministry of Public Security; The data of new employment, registered unemployment rate, social security and technical schools in cities and towns come from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security; Foreign exchange reserves and exchange rate data come from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange; The output data of aquatic products come from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; The data of timber output, afforestation area, forest tending area and national nature reserve come from the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The data of irrigation area, water resources and soil erosion control area come from the Ministry of Water Resources. The data of installed power generation capacity and newly added substation equipment of 220kV and above come from China Electric Power Enterprise Association. The data of port cargo throughput, port container throughput, road transportation, water transportation, newly rebuilt road mileage, and new capacity of port 10,000-ton wharf berths come from the Ministry of Transport; The data of railway transportation, mileage of newly-built railway, mileage of newly-built double-track railway and mileage of electrified railway are from China Railway Corporation. Data of civil aviation and new civil transport airports come from the Civil Aviation Administration of China; Pipeline data comes from China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation and China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd.; Postal service data comes from the State Post Bureau; The data of communication industry, software business income, new optical cable line length and so on come from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; The data of shantytown renovation and dilapidated building renovation of poor households in rural areas are from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; Import and export data of goods come from the General Administration of Customs;Data on service import and export, foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment, foreign contracted projects, and foreign labor cooperation come from the Ministry of Commerce. Financial data comes from the Ministry of Finance; Data of monetary, financial and corporate credit bonds come from the People’s Bank of China; The fund-raising data of domestic trading places come from China Securities Regulatory Commission; The insurance data comes from the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China; The data of medical insurance, participation in basic medical insurance and medical assistance come from the National Medical Insurance Bureau. The data of urban and rural subsistence allowances, assistance and support for rural poor people, temporary assistance and social services come from the Ministry of Civil Affairs; The data of special care recipients comes from the Department of Veterans Affairs; National key R&D plans, national major science and technology projects, national key laboratories, scientific and technological achievements transformation guidance funds, technology contracts and other data come from the Ministry of Science and Technology; The project data of National Natural Science Foundation comes from the National Natural Science Foundation Committee; Data from National Engineering Research Center, National Engineering Laboratory and National Enterprise Technology Center come from National Development and Reform Commission. Patent data comes from China National Intellectual Property Administration; Space launch data comes from the National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense; Data on quality inspection, formulation and revision of national standards and qualified rate of manufacturing products come from the State Administration of Market Supervision. Education data comes from the Ministry of Education; Art performance groups, museums, public libraries, cultural centers, books and tourism data come from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism; Television and radio data come from the State Administration of Radio and Television; The film data comes from the National Film Bureau; The data of newspapers and periodicals come from the State Press and Publication Administration; File data comes from the National Archives Bureau;The exit data of residents come from the National Immigration Bureau; Medical and health data come from the National Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from the State Sports General Administration; The data of disabled athletes come from China Disabled Persons’ Federation; The data of state-owned construction land supply and direct economic losses caused by marine disasters come from the Ministry of Natural Resources. Data such as carbon dioxide emissions and environmental monitoring of 10,000 yuan GDP come from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment; The average temperature and landing typhoon data are from China Meteorological Bureau. The data of affected area of crops, direct economic losses caused by floods and geological disasters, direct economic losses caused by droughts, direct economic losses caused by low-temperature freezing and snowstorms, forest fires, affected forest areas and safe production come from the Emergency Management Department; The data of earthquake frequency and direct economic loss caused by earthquake disasters come from China Seismological Bureau. Other data are from the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　(Note: [1], [2], [3]… … [72] is the upper right corner)

In 2019, the national economy was generally stable, and the annual GDP increased by 6.1% year-on-year. The per capita disposable income of residents exceeded 30,000.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, on January 17, the National Bureau of Statistics released the operation of the national economy in 2019.

　　According to preliminary accounting, the gross domestic product for the whole year of 2019 was 99,086.5 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year at comparable prices, in line with the expected target of 6%-6.5%. Quarterly, it increased by 6.4% in the first quarter, 6.2% in the second quarter, 6.0% in the third quarter and 6.0% in the fourth quarter. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry was 7,046.7 billion yuan, up by 3.1% over the previous year. The added value of the secondary industry was 38,616.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.7%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 534.233 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9%.

　　First, the grain output reached a record high, and the growth of cattle, sheep, poultry, eggs and milk was realized.

　　In 2001, the total national grain output was 663.84 million tons, up by 0.9% over the previous year, with an increase of 5.94 million tons, which remained above 650 million tons for five consecutive years. Among them, the output of summer grain was 141.6 million tons, an increase of 2.0%; The output of early rice was 26.27 million tons, down by 8.1%; The output of autumn grain was 495.97 million tons, up by 1.1%. In terms of varieties, the wheat output was 133.59 million tons, an increase of 1.6%; The corn output was 260.77 million tons, an increase of 1.4%; Soybean output was 18.1 million tons, up by 13.3%. The annual output of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry was 76.49 million tons, down 10.2% from the previous year. Among them, the beef output was 6.67 million tons, an increase of 3.6%; The output of mutton was 4.88 million tons, an increase of 2.6%; The output of poultry meat was 22.39 million tons, an increase of 12.3%; The output of poultry eggs was 33.09 million tons, an increase of 5.8%; The milk output was 32.01 million tons, up by 4.1%; The output of pork was 42.55 million tons, down by 21.3%.

　　Second, industrial production continued to develop, and high-tech manufacturing and strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.

　　The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.7% over the previous year. In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 4.8%; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.8%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 2.0%; Private enterprises increased by 7.7%. In terms of three categories, the added value of mining industry increased by 5.0%, manufacturing industry increased by 6.0%, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increased by 7.0%. The added value of high-tech manufacturing and strategic emerging industries increased by 8.8% and 8.4% respectively over the previous year, and the growth rate was 3.1 and 2.7 percentage points faster than that of industries above designated size. In December, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.9% year-on-year, 0.7 percentage points faster than the previous month and 0.58% higher than the previous month. In December, the manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) sub-index, the production index, new order index and supplier delivery time index were 53.2%, 51.2% and 51.1%, respectively, all above the critical point. The expected index of manufacturing production and operation activities is 54.4%, which is located in a high boom zone.

　　From January to November, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in China reached 5,610.1 billion yuan, down 2.1% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 0.8 percentage points narrower than that in January-October. In November, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.4% year-on-year, and decreased by 9.9% in October.

　　Third, the service industry developed rapidly, and the modern service industry grew well.

　　The national service industry production index increased by 6.9% over the previous year. The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services, leasing and business services, finance, transportation, warehousing and postal services increased by 18.7%, 8.7%, 7.2% and 7.1% respectively, and the growth rate was 11.8, 1.8, 0.3 and 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the tertiary industry respectively. From January to November, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 9.4% year-on-year. Among them, the operating income of strategic emerging service enterprises, science and technology service enterprises and high-tech service enterprises increased by 12.4%, 12.0% and 12.0% respectively, and the growth rate was 3.0, 2.6 and 2.6 percentage points faster than that of all service enterprises above designated size. The operating profit of service enterprises above designated size increased by 3.5%.

　　In December, the business activity index of service industry was 53.0%, which remained above threshold. Among them, the business activity index of railway transportation, accommodation, telecommunications, broadcasting, television and satellite transmission services, Internet software and information technology services, financial services, leasing and business services industries are all in the higher boom zone of more than 55.0%. From the market expectation, the expected index of service business activities is 59.1%, which shows a good growth momentum.

　　Fourth, the market sales grew steadily, and the proportion of online retail sales increased significantly.

　　The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 41,164.9 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year. Among them, the retail sales of consumer goods above designated size was 14.801 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%. According to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 35,131.7 billion yuan, an increase of 7.9%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 6,033.2 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0%. According to consumption types, catering revenue was 4,672.1 billion yuan, up by 9.4%; Retail sales of commodities reached 36,492.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9%. Consumption-upgrading commodities grew rapidly. The growth rate of retail sales of cosmetics, communication equipment, sports and entertainment goods, household appliances and audio-visual equipment above designated size was 8.7, 4.6, 4.1 and 1.7 percentage points faster than that of retail sales of consumer goods above designated size. In December, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 8.0% year-on-year and 0.53% quarter-on-quarter.

　　In 2001, the national online retail sales reached 10,632.4 billion yuan, an increase of 16.5% over the previous year. Among them, the online retail sales of physical goods was 8,523.9 billion yuan, up by 19.5%, accounting for 20.7% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, up by 2.3 percentage points over the previous year.

　　5. Investment in fixed assets grew steadily, while investment in high-tech industries grew rapidly.

　　In the whole year, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 55,147.8 billion yuan, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year. In terms of fields, infrastructure investment increased by 3.8%, manufacturing investment increased by 3.1%, and real estate development investment increased by 9.9%. The national commercial housing sales area was 1,715.58 million square meters, down by 0.1%; The sales of commercial housing reached 15,972.5 billion yuan, up by 6.5%. By industry, investment in the primary industry increased by 0.6%, investment in the secondary industry increased by 3.2%, and investment in the tertiary industry increased by 6.5%. Private investment was 31,115.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7%. Investment in high-tech industries increased by 17.3%, 11.9 percentage points faster than the total investment, among which investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech service industries increased by 17.7% and 16.5% respectively. Investment in social fields increased by 13.2%, 7.8 percentage points faster than the total investment, among which investment in education, culture, sports and entertainment increased by 17.7% and 13.9% respectively. In December, fixed asset investment increased by 0.44% month-on-month.

　　6. Foreign trade grew against the trend, and the proportion of general trade continued to increase.

　　The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 31,544.6 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 17,229.8 billion yuan, up by 5.0%; Imports reached 14,314.8 billion yuan, up by 1.6%. Import and export balance, with a surplus of 2,915 billion yuan. The import and export of general trade accounted for 59.0% of the total import and export, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The export of mechanical and electrical products increased by 4.4%, accounting for 58.4% of the total export. China’s import and export to EU and ASEAN increased by 8.0% and 14.1% respectively. With the countries along the Belt and Road, the import and export growth is good. The total import and export growth of countries along the Belt and Road is 10.8%, which is 7.4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of total import and export of goods. In the whole year, industrial enterprises above designated size realized export delivery value of 12,421.6 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3% over the previous year.

　　Seven, consumer prices rose in line with the expected target, and industrial producer prices declined slightly.

　　The annual consumer price rose by 2.9% over the previous year, in line with the expected target of about 3%. Among them, cities rose by 2.8% and rural areas rose by 3.2%. By category, the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol rose by 7.0%, clothing by 1.6%, housing by 1.4%, daily necessities and services by 0.9%, transportation and communication by 1.7%, education, culture and entertainment by 2.2%, medical care by 2.4% and other goods and services by 3.4%. Among the food, tobacco and alcohol prices, the price of grain rose by 0.5%, the price of fresh vegetables rose by 4.1%, and the price of pork rose by 42.5%. The core CPI excluding food and energy prices rose by 1.6%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year. In December, consumer prices rose by 4.5% year-on-year, which was the same as last month. The ex-factory price of industrial producers decreased by 0.3% over the previous year, and decreased by 0.5% in December, which was the same as last month. The purchase price of industrial producers decreased by 0.7% over the previous year, and by 1.3% in December, which was the same as last month.

　　Eight, the employment situation remained stable, and the urban survey unemployment rate met the expected goal.

　　In the whole year, 13.52 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, which remained above 13 million for seven consecutive years, significantly higher than the expected target of over 11 million, and 122.9% of the annual target was achieved. In December, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.2%. In 2019, the national urban survey unemployment rate remained between 5.0% and 5.3%, achieving the expected goal of less than 5.5%. The unemployment rate of the population aged 25-59, the main employment group in China, is 4.7%. In December, the survey unemployment rate in 31 big cities and towns was 5.2%. At the end of 2019, the urban registered unemployment rate was 3.62%, 0.18 percentage points lower than the end of the previous year, which was in line with the expected target of less than 4.5%. At the end of the year, there were 774.71 million employed people in China, including 442.47 million employed people in cities and towns. The total number of migrant workers in the year was 290.77 million, an increase of 2.41 million or 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, there were 116.52 million local migrant workers, an increase of 0.7%; There were 174.25 million migrant workers, an increase of 0.9%. The average monthly income of migrant workers was 3,962 yuan, an increase of 6.5% over the previous year.

　　Nine, the income growth of residents and economic growth are basically synchronized, and the ratio of per capita income of urban and rural residents continues to shrink.

　　In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 30,733 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous year; After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 5.8%, which was basically in sync with the economic growth and roughly the same as the per capita GDP growth. According to the permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 42,359 yuan, a nominal increase of 7.9% over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.0% after deducting the price factor; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 16,021 yuan, a nominal increase of 9.6% over the previous year, and a real increase of 6.2% after deducting the price factor. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.64, 0.05 lower than that of the previous year. The median per capita disposable income of the national residents was 26,523 yuan, a nominal increase of 9.0% over the previous year. Divided into five equal income groups, the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 7380 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower middle income group is 15777 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle income group is 25035 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper middle income group is 39230 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high income group is 76401 yuan.

　　In the whole year, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 21,559 yuan, an increase of 8.6% in nominal terms over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous year. After deducting the price factor, it actually increased by 5.5%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 28,063 yuan, a nominal increase of 7.5%; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 13,328 yuan, a nominal increase of 9.9%.

　　Ten, key reforms and tackling key tasks have been solidly promoted, and the economic transformation and upgrading trend has continued.

　　The structural reform of the supply side has achieved remarkable results. In 2019, the national industrial capacity utilization rate was 76.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous year; Among them, the capacity utilization rates of oil and gas exploitation, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industries were 91.2% and 80.0%, respectively, up by 2.9 and 2.0 percentage points over the previous year. The asset-liability ratio of enterprises has declined. At the end of November, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.9%, down 0.3 percentage points year-on-year. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale nationwide was 498.21 million square meters, down 4.9% from the end of the previous year. The unit cost of enterprises continued to decline compared with the beginning of the year. In terms of short board, investment in weak links has grown rapidly. The investment in ecological protection and environmental management, environmental monitoring and management services increased by 37.2% and 33.4% respectively, which was 31.8 and 28.0 percentage points faster than the total investment. The vitality of micro-subjects is enhanced. In 2019, there were 23.77 million newly registered market entities and 20,000 newly registered enterprises per day, with an activity rate of about 70%. At the end of the year, the total number of market entities reached 120 million. Key progress has been made in the three major battles. In the whole year, 11.09 million rural poor people were lifted out of poverty. According to preliminary accounting, the proportion of clean energy consumption such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power in total energy consumption increased by 1.0 percentage points over the previous year; The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP continued to decline over the previous year, with a decrease of 2.6%. At the end of November, the national local government debt balance was 21,333.3 billion yuan, which was within the limit approved by the National People’s Congress.

　　The economic structure continued to be optimized. The added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 53.9% of GDP in the whole year, up 0.6 percentage points from the previous year and 14.9 percentage points higher than that of the secondary industry. The contribution rate to GDP growth is 59.4%. The role of consumption as the main driving force of economic growth has been further consolidated, and the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth is 57.8%, which is 26.6 percentage points higher than the total capital formation. Upgrading and upgrading residents’ consumption. The Engel coefficient of national residents was 28.2%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous year. In the annual per capita consumption expenditure of national residents, service consumption expenditure accounted for 45.9%, up 1.7 percentage points over the previous year.

　　Eleven, the total population grew steadily, and the urbanization rate continued to increase.

　　At the end of the year, the total population of Chinese mainland (including active servicemen of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the People’s Liberation Army of China, excluding Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taiwan Province and overseas Chinese) was 1,400,005, an increase of 4.67 million over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 14.65 million, and the birth rate was 10.48&permil. ; The death population was 9.98 million, and the population mortality rate was 7.14‰ ; The natural population growth rate is 3.34‰ . From the perspective of gender structure, there are 715.27 million males and 684.78 million females, and the sex ratio of the total population is 104.45 (100 females). In terms of age composition, the working-age population aged 16 to 59 is 896.4 million, accounting for 64.0% of the total population; The population aged 60 and over is 253.88 million, accounting for 18.1% of the total population, of which 176.03 million are aged 65 and over, accounting for 12.6% of the total population. From the perspective of urban and rural structure, the permanent population of cities and towns is 848.43 million, an increase of 17.06 million over the end of last year; The rural resident population was 551.62 million, a decrease of 12.39 million; The proportion of urban population in the total population (urbanization rate) was 60.60%, an increase of 1.02 percentage points over the end of last year. The population with separated households (that is, the population whose residence and household registration are not in the same township street and have left the household registration for more than half a year) is 280 million, a decrease of 6.13 million compared with the end of last year; Among them, the floating population is 236 million.5.15 million fewer than the end of last year.

　　On the whole, in 2019, the national economy continued to maintain a generally stable, steady and progressive development trend. At the same time, we should also see that the current world economic and trade growth is slowing down, the sources of turmoil and risk points are increasing, domestic structural and institutional cyclical problems are intertwined, and the downward pressure on the economy is still relatively large. In the next stage, we must adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, follow the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress through stability, adhere to the new development concept and promote high-quality development, adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, persist in taking reform and opening up as the driving force, resolutely win the three tough battles, do a good job in the "six stabilities" work in an all-round way, and make overall plans to promote steady growth, promote reform, adjust the structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks and ensure stability.

At the end of the national expressway, the passing time of express toll trucks was reduced from 29 seconds to 3 seconds.

　　Cctv newsToday (12th), the Ministry of Transport held a special press conference on "Cancellation of Provincial Expressway Toll Stations", and the construction of canceling provincial expressway toll stations has entered the final stage. By the end of the year, the conditions for canceling provincial expressway toll stations nationwide are basically met, and fast toll collection without stopping is fully realized.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, there are 487 provincial toll stations on expressways in China. Except for the 15 provincial toll stations between Sulu and Sichuan and Chongqing, which were first cancelled at the end of 2018, the remaining 472 provincial toll stations will be cancelled.

　　Since November 1st, the station has been officially transferred to the joint debugging stage. At present, the network communication link test and system function test have been completed, and ETC portal software deployment, business function verification, provincial toll station and key station-level system test and grid-connected network security detection are being carried out.

　　Sun Wenjian, spokesman of the Ministry of Transport, said that the cancellation of the provincial boundary station of the expressway can comprehensively improve the user experience of the expressway, save transit time and reduce costs. According to statistics, under normal traffic conditions, the average time for passenger cars to pass through provincial boundaries has been reduced from 15 seconds to 2 seconds, which is about 86.7%, and the time for trucks to pass through provincial boundaries has been reduced from 29 seconds to 3 seconds, which is 89.7%.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, the average utilization rate of ETC of the national expressway entrance buses reached 69.99%, and the average utilization rate of ETC of the export buses reached 69.44%. From January 1st next year, all kinds of preferential policies such as toll reduction and exemption will be realized by ETC. In addition to the basic discount of 5% of vehicle tolls, you can also enjoy relevant preferential policies of vehicle tolls. Recently, the Ministry of Transport and China Petroleum and China Industrial and Commercial Bank jointly launched the "Kunlun ETC" co-branded card. ETC users can enjoy preferential treatment or partial cash back when refueling at PetroChina gas station. Next, the Ministry of Transport will guide all localities to actively promote the application of ETC in large parking lots such as airports, high-speed railway station, university campuses, ports and logistics parks.

Open a new era： comparison of new and old models of SAIC Volkswagen Passat

"If you own it, you are not afraid to travel all over the world". Since SAIC Volkswagen officially introduced Passat B5 and named it Passat in 2000, it has been firmly in the dominance of mid-to high-end cars. On September 10th, SAIC Volkswagen brought us the 2025 Passat Pro, which not only adopted a younger model, but also caught up with the mainstream in terms of configuration and intelligence. So what changes will the new car have compared with the previous generation? What surprises can it bring to consumers?

The above manufacturer’s guide price only represents the price on September 13, 2024. If there is any change, please take official website as the standard.

The 2025 SAIC Volkswagen Passat Pro launched a total of six models, the starting price increased by 18,000 yuan compared with the old models, and the top price was 16,600 yuan more expensive. In terms of the number of models, the new car only launched 6 models, which was 5 fewer than the old models. In order to make a more intuitive comparison, we chose two models with similar prices for comparison, so that we can more intuitively see the specific differences between the new and old models in configuration. Although the price difference between the two is 16,600 yuan, combined with the limited price of the new car, its price reaches 223,900 yuan, and the final price difference is only 600 yuan.

Appearance: Young and fashionable to meet the market demand.

As a brand-new model, Passat Pro has made many adjustments in appearance, but it still retains the double front face design for consumers to choose from. The two models we selected this time are both Star Edition. First of all, the most obvious change in the front of the car is that the new model cancels the front grille on the old model and replaces it with a huge black front surround below, highlighting the sense of fashion. At the same time, it is also equipped with a similar through-type light group and the LOGO supports lighting, which has higher recognition.

The external configuration of the new model is not much different from that of the old model, but it only adds optional opportunities. For example, sports style kit, Bluetooth key and remote start function can be selected by consumers as needed.

In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new model are increased by 58mm, 14mm and 20mm, which is larger than that of the old model, but the wheelbase of both models is 2871 mm. In terms of rim style, the new model adopts a 19-inch blackened five-spoke rim, while the old model adopts an 18-inch cyclone rim. The former is simpler, more fashionable and has outstanding visual effects. The latter pays more attention to sports and has its own characteristics.

The most obvious change in the rear of the car is that the rear enclosure of the new model is decorated with diamonds, and the exhaust decoration with two sides at the rear is cancelled. The taillights support six kinds of welcome animation lighting effects, which is more ceremonial. At the same time, the new model cancels the 380TSI logo on the old model and replaces it with the black "Pro" English letter, highlighting its special identity.

Interior: Simple design is more scientific and technological.

The interior of the new model adopts a simpler design, and the physical buttons on the old model are cancelled. The functional operation can be realized by waking up the voice assistant or manipulating the central control panel. At the same time, the all-LCD instrument panel and central control panel have also been replaced by suspended design from the previous embedded ones, and a new passenger entertainment screen has been added, which has created a sense of science and technology in the car. In addition, the new model adopts the rotary electronic gear shifting structure. Compared with the mechanical gear shifting structure of the old model, it has the advantages of more convenient operation and more storage space for the center console area.

In addition to the younger and more fashionable interior, the internal configuration of the new model has also been upgraded, adding a lot of popular configurations. Such as dual-zone voice wake-up recognition, visible-to-talk, second-row seat backrest adjustment, fragrance device in the car, etc., to improve the convenience of the car. At the same time, on the basis of the old model, ventilation, massage and headrest speaker functions are added to the second row seats of the new model, and the indoor ambient light is upgraded to 30 colors, further improving the comfort experience.

Power: the previous generation powertrain is used.

The power systems of the two comparison models are consistent, and both adopt the combination of 2.0T engine and 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox. Among them, the maximum power of the engine is 162kW and the maximum torque is 350 N m. However, the WLTC comprehensive fuel consumption of the new model is slightly lower than that of the old model.

Space: performance is quite satisfactory.

Although the wheelbase of the new and old models remains the same, the former has been improved in terms of length, width and height, so there is no need to worry about the interior space, which is enough for daily travel. In addition, because the new model adopts the gear shifting mode, the position of the original gear shifting mechanism frees up more storage space, which is very practical.

In terms of trunk, the new and old models are consistent in opening shape and internal design, and are equipped with front/rear central handrails, etc. The overall performance is at the mainstream level of the same level, which can meet daily use.

Safety: greatly upgrade and protect every trip.

In terms of passive safety configuration, the new model has added the front middle airbag, DOW door opening warning, built-in driving recorder and road rescue call, which is improved compared with the old model. In addition, in terms of driver assistance configuration, the new model has been fully evolved, with the addition of front sensing cameras (monocular and binocular) and 12 ultrasonic radars, so that its assisted driving level reaches L2. In contrast, although the old models have reached L2-level assisted driving, some assisted driving functions are missing.

Summary:

From this comparison, it can be seen that Passat Pro is not only sincere in price, but also obviously upgraded in configuration level, such as dual-zone speech recognition and L2-level assisted driving, and it also has the heating, ventilation and massage functions of the second row of seats beyond the same level, which is more in line with the car purchase needs of young consumers. If you are considering buying a medium-sized joint venture car recently, then the 2025 SAIC Volkswagen Passat Pro deserves your attention.

Extreme krypton car： the delivery cycle of 2022 extreme krypton 001 is extended, and the unsubscribe channel will be opened.

On March 9 th, the official released the "Warm Tips on Extending the Delivery Cycle of the 2022 ZEEKR 001" at noon today, saying that since the release of the 2023 ZEEKR 001, its configuration and driving experience have been recognized by the majority of users, and it has continued.Open the channel to switch to the 2023 model for the old users who have made a decision before..

Extreme krypton 001

According to Krypton officials, as more and more new and old users choose the 2023 ZEEKR 001, following the industry practice, the material supply and production of the 2022 ZEEKR 001 will be gradually reduced, and the delivery cycle will be affected.It is estimated that the delivery cycle of 2022 ZEEKR 001, which is scheduled for production in June 2023, may be extended to more than 6 months..

Krypton pointed out that it respects every user’s choice, and if users want to keep the 2022 ZEEKR 001 order, they will continue to arrange vehicle production and delivery. At the same time, in order to reduce the impact of the change of delivery cycle,Krypton also opens the fallback channel for the following users：

Orders made before 9:00 (excluding) on January 1, 2023, and the order status and related descriptions meet the requirements, can complete the application for cancellation before May 31, 2023. Before the cancellation application is initiated, the status and related description displayed on the user’s order details page must be one of the following:

IT House learned from the Kryptonian authorities that,The retreat channel will be opened on March 13th, 2023.. At that time, users can click "Apply for Refund" at the bottom of the order details page to initiate a cancellation application.

Extreme krypton means that if the user needs to retire,Please complete the cancellation application before 24:00 on May 31st, 2023.. Please plan ahead when applying and operating, so as to avoid the failure to complete the cancellation process due to the failure to complete the cancellation application in time.

Counterfeiter Wang Hai posted a post questioning the official response of Dalian in the investigation process of ＂100 acres of cherry tree death＂

　　Dalian, China, November 14 (Reporter Wang Song) On the 13th, professional counterfeiter Wang Hai posted on the Internet that since 2020, hundreds of acres of cherry trees have died after farmers used the cherry plant protection scheme of Dalian Dianlong Company; The post questioned the relevant investigation and disposal process of Dalian Agricultural and Rural Bureau. On the 14th, Dalian Agriculture and Rural Bureau answered the questions raised in Wang Hai’s release.

　　What Wang Hai posted on the Internet (screenshot)

　　Question 1: Excuse me, Director Xing Fang of Dalian Agriculture and Rural Bureau, why didn’t the special class set up by your bureau to deal with the death of cherry trees investigate the phytotoxicity of Dalian Dianlong Company?

　　In March, 2023, Dalian Special Class for Handling the Death of Cherry Tree in Wafangdian went deep into wafangdian city Dianlong Company, the involved enterprise, and investigated and verified 23 kinds of pesticides and 8 kinds of fertilizers sold since January 1, 2021 by consulting the sales ledger, checking the quality inspection report and taking samples for identification, and entrusted a third party to identify the quality of 15 kinds of pesticides in stock, and traced the quality inspection report of 8 kinds of pesticides and 8 kinds of fertilizers out of stock to the manufacturer. Judging from the inspection report and appraisal results, no quality problems have been found in the above pesticides and fertilizers sold by Dianlong Company.

　　On March 29th of the same year, the working class organized 7 experts from Northwest A&F University, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units to form an expert group, and went to relevant orchards to carry out on-site investigation, guide sampling and expert judgment (a total of 5 orchards). In response to the problem of "copper ion phytotoxicity" reflected by the whistleblower, according to the expert’s suggestion, the city sent the sampling samples to the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) for testing the total copper and glyphosate content (pesticide residues). On May 6, 2023, the expert group made a comprehensive judgment. According to the field investigation, identification test and test report, the conclusion was given: the main cause of the damage symptoms of cherry tree branches, roots and trunk bark was caused by fungal diseases.

　　Question 2: Since 2020, farmers have used the cherries of Dalian Dianlong Company to solve the plant protection scheme, and hundreds of acres of cherry trees have died one after another. You didn’t go to the scene investigation the first time you received the report, and didn’t set up a special work class until this year. Is there anything strange in this?

　　According to the working rules, after receiving the report, the relevant departments of the territory are responsible for the investigation. The incident occurred in September, 2022, and its territory was wafangdian city. The relevant departments of wafangdian city will deal with it as soon as possible according to the law. First, on October 11, 2022, wafangdian city Agriculture and Rural Bureau filed an investigation on Dianlong Company’s alleged unauthorized modification of two kinds of fertilizer labels, and finally imposed an administrative penalty of 20,000 yuan. The work class carefully checked the relevant files. The main facts of the case were clear, the evidence was conclusive, the law was accurately applied, and the law enforcement procedure was legal. Wafangdian city Municipal Market Supervision Bureau received five complaints from informants about Dianlong Company on September 2, September 15 and October 20, 2022, and all of them responded within the prescribed time limit.

　　In order to verify and supervise the territorial work, the Dalian Municipal Government set up a special work class in March 2023, and went deep into wafangdian city to carry out a 9-day investigation and verification work, forming a work report and reporting it to the Dalian Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. After that, it was reported to the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government in the form of documents of the municipal party committee and the municipal government.

　　Question 3: This special class has not been publicized, and it has not been declared whether it has an interest in the investigated object, no instruments and equipment, no appraisal qualification, and no opinions from farmers. What makes it clear that the cherry tree died of fungal infection?

　　According to the requirements of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC), "the internal affairs information of administrative organs, including personnel management, logistics management, internal workflow and other aspects, may not be disclosed". The work class is a temporary organization for government agencies to handle internal work. Members are all staff of relevant departments, and there is no need for publicity as required. The relevant experts hired are authoritative experts in China, and the relevant testing institutions entrusted are qualified. During the investigation, the working class visited relevant farmers and enterprises, and the expert group hired was based on the on-site investigation, appraisal test and test report.

　　Question 4: After filming the forehead, the special class only took samples from cherry trees that had been dead for one or two years, and also entrusted fruit trees without appraisal qualification to do experiments on whether fungi could cause the death of living trees. When entrusting, the disease is used to set the tone first, misleading the fruit trees to draw the wrong conclusion that they are not qualified at all. The bacteria in the corpse can kill people, which proves that this person was killed by bacteria? No matter how you die, it is common sense that all kinds of bacteria that cause death may be detected on rotting corpses. Is this experiment meaningful?

　　On March 29th, 2023, the municipal work special class organized an expert group to carry out an on-site investigation on the death of cherry trees. The expert group learned about the symptoms of cherry trees on the spot with growers, and guided the on-site sampling of damaged branches, roots, trunk bark and rhizosphere soil of cherry trees in orchards. After the on-site investigation, the expert group held the first working meeting, and then sent the samples to the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) for detection of total copper and glyphosate, and the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Xingcheng, Liaoning) for detection of pathogenic bacteria. Among them, the Environmental Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Tianjin) is a ministerial-level professional quality inspection center in the field of agricultural eco-environment. In 2017, it became the first batch of national agricultural testing benchmark laboratories (pesticide residues), and the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences is a national scientific research institution, not a fruit research institute without appraisal qualification. After the two testing units respectively issued the Experimental Report on Pathogen Isolation and Identification of Cherry Samples in wafangdian city, Dalian and the Test Report (NO.KY030-2023), on May 6th, the municipal work class organized the expert group to hold another meeting. Based on the inspection and test report, the expert group focused on discussion, consulted the literature and standards, and obtained the comprehensive judgment opinions of experts.

　　Question 5: The death of these cherry trees is characterized by yellowing and shedding of leaves, which is not a symptom of fungal infection at all. Why didn’t the special class investigate the problem of drug injury? Afraid of what?

　　After the on-the-spot investigation on March 29th, 2023, the expert group held the first working meeting of judgment, and sorted out the main symptoms found in the on-the-spot investigation as follows: the symptoms of branch withered; The damaged parts of the trunk show partial cuticle cracking, ulcer, rot and gumming, which may cause the whole tree to die in severe cases. Some plants showed symptoms of bolting, and a few plants showed symptoms of neck rot. According to the symptoms, the main causes are infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. In order to further analyze the reasons, the expert group suggested that the sampled samples should be subjected to disease identification and pesticide residue determination, and finally the "Experimental Report on Pathogen Isolation and Identification of Cherry Samples in wafangdian city, Dalian" and "Test Report (NO.KY030-2023)" were formed, and the expert group gave judgment opinions according to the identification results.