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Jiangsu flu enters epidemic peak.
Remind everyone to pay attention to the prevention of influenza before.
A small partner left a message saying that he had been recruited.
Many people leave messages asking about the flu vaccine.
Jiangsu CDC issued an important reminder overnight
Sort out the problems that everyone is concerned about.
Look at the authoritative Q&A with Xiaobian.
First of all, clear, flu ≠ a bad cold!
Speaking of the flu, many people think that the flu is just a "bad cold", all wet!
The flu is completely different from the cold. The flu is caused by a particularly cunning and mutating flu virus, which will cause a series of very uncomfortable symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, muscle aches, chills and fatigue. (although the symptoms in the early stage are similar to those in a cold, in the later stage, the difference will be great! )
Maybe for some people, it can be tolerated for a few weeks, but for some people, the flu can be fatal.
For example, infants, especially those under 2 years old, are more likely to develop into severe cases after being infected with influenza, which will lead to complications such as myocarditis, otitis media and pneumonia, and parents need to be extremely vigilant.
The complications caused by influenza are very terrible, and pneumonia is the most common, which will be accompanied by symptoms such as accelerated breathing rate and difficulty breathing.
How to prevent it? There is no doubt that the most effective way to prevent influenza is to vaccinate against influenza.
Authoritative Q&A on Influenza Vaccine
one
Why does the flu vaccine need to be vaccinated once a year?
On the one hand, the frequency of influenza virus mutation is very high, and the mutated influenza virus can infect the previously immunized host again, leading to repeated influenza epidemics. Therefore, the composition of the influenza vaccine we vaccinate every year is different and will be adjusted accordingly according to the variation of influenza virus.
In addition, the protection period of influenza vaccine is not long, and the protective antibodies produced after vaccination can generally last for 6 ~ 8 months, and will gradually weaken over time. Only by vaccination every year can we obtain continuous immunity.
2
Why did the child get the flu vaccine or catch a cold?
The commonly used influenza vaccines include trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV3), etc. From the name, we can find that the vaccine only covers several most popular influenza virus subtypes in that year, and cannot prevent all influenza caused by influenza viruses. Therefore, influenza vaccination can reduce our risk of influenza, but it can’t completely resist the flu.
In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) analyzes and predicts which influenza strains will be prevalent this year according to the global influenza epidemic situation last year. Then countries will make corresponding vaccines according to the recommendations of WHO. Therefore, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine has a great relationship with the accuracy of prediction. The higher the accuracy of prediction, the better the protective effect of influenza vaccine.
In addition, the effectiveness of the vaccine will be affected by the age and health of the vaccinated person, so even if the vaccine is vaccinated, there is still a certain possibility of getting the flu. Moreover, influenza vaccine can only prevent influenza caused by influenza virus, and the common cold is not within the scope of prevention. The symptoms of some respiratory diseases are very close to the flu, which can also make people mistakenly think that they have the flu.
three
When is the best time for influenza vaccination?
Usually, after 2 ~ 4 weeks of influenza vaccination, antibodies with protective level can be produced, and the antibody titer begins to decline after 6 ~ 8 months. The time and duration of the annual peak of influenza activity are different in different parts of China. In order to ensure that the vaccinated people get immune protection before the high influenza season, it is best to complete immunization before the end of October. This year, there is a peak of influenza epidemic in summer. At present, influenza vaccine can be vaccinated. I suggest you vaccinate as soon as possible. For those who have not been vaccinated before the end of October, they can be vaccinated throughout the epidemic season to get protection.
four
I heard that people who are allergic to eggs can’t get flu shots. Is it true?
In the process of preparation, influenza vaccine is usually prepared from chicken embryos, so there will be a very small amount of egg components, which is why there is a saying that "people who are allergic to eggs are not suitable for influenza vaccine". But in fact, with the improvement of preparation technology, the egg protein content of influenza vaccine has been very low, and it will hardly cause serious allergic reactions.
According to Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2020-2021) and Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (2015 and 2020 editions), egg allergy is not a taboo for influenza vaccination. The content of egg albumin in influenza vaccine is stipulated in Pharmacopoeia, and the content of egg albumin in split vaccine should not be higher than 200ng/ml. In reality, the content of ovalbumin in commonly used split vaccines in China does not exceed 140ng/ml. Foreign studies on the adverse reactions of people who are allergic to eggs after being vaccinated with influenza vaccine show that there is no serious allergic reaction. Accordingly, since 2016, the Advisory Committee on Vaccination (ACIP) of the United States has also given suggestions for people who are allergic to eggs to be vaccinated against influenza.
However, among the influenza vaccines currently on the market in China, whether it is an inactivated vaccine or an attenuated live vaccine, the [contraindications] in the instructions all say "those who are allergic to eggs (ovalbumin or chicken-derived protein) are prohibited". In this case, it is recommended to listen to the doctor’s advice and decide whether to get the flu vaccine according to the individual’s specific situation.
Vaccination is not recommended for people who are seriously allergic to eggs, or who are short of breath, diarrhea, or even unconscious after eating a little by mistake.
five
Is there a difference between trivalent and tetravalent influenza vaccines?
Trivalent influenza vaccine refers to the Victoria strain including H1N1, H3N2 subtypes of A and B virus. In addition to the above three serotypes, tetravalent influenza vaccine also has a Yamagata serotype.
In terms of protection, there is no difference between trivalent and tetravalent serotype vaccines, and tetravalent influenza vaccine has more protection against Yamagata influenza.
Therefore, if you can choose the influenza vaccine at the same time, you can give priority to the tetravalent influenza vaccine. If there is only trivalent influenza vaccine in short supply, it is not recommended to refuse the trivalent influenza vaccine in order to wait for tetravalent.
For children under 3 years old in China, there is only a trivalent vaccine, but there is no tetravalent vaccine.
six
Who should get the flu vaccine?
Based on the safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine, and the susceptibility characteristics of influenza virus in the whole population, all people over 6 months should be vaccinated with influenza vaccine except some people who are known to have serious allergic contraindications.
The Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China (2020-2021) focuses on several groups of people, which are the priority groups recommended for influenza vaccination:
Infants and young children aged 6 ~ 23 months;
Children aged 2-5;
Family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months old;
People in key places (teachers and students in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, detainees and staff in prison institutions, etc.);
Medical personnel;
Employees of vulnerable groups in old-age care institutions, long-term care institutions, welfare homes and other crowd gathering places;
Elderly people at home aged 60 and above;
Patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (except simple hypertension), chronic respiratory diseases, liver and renal insufficiency, hematological diseases, nervous system diseases, neuromuscular dysfunction, metabolic diseases (including diabetes), etc.
Pregnant women or women who are going to get pregnant during the flu season.
Original title: "[Important reminder] Jiangsu CDC reminds you overnight! 》
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