Another 1.4 billion yuan was invested, and Xiaomi revealed the recent progress in building cars.

Author | Cui Qiuyang

Edit | Chapter Ripple

Xiaomi Auto is one step closer to its official debut.

On August 29th, Xiaomi Group released the results announcement for the second quarter and the first half of 2023, and held a conference call.

On the whole, although the overall revenue decreased in the second quarter, the gross profit, operating profit and adjusted net profit all ushered in year-on-year growth, of which the operating profit and net profit reached 4.04 billion yuan and 5.14 billion yuan respectively, both of which increased by more than 130% year-on-year.

And published together with various financial data,There is also a set of data about Xiaomi’s automobile business: 1.4 billion yuan of research and development expenses.

Financial Information of Xiaomi Group in the Second Quarter of 2023

In this regard, Lu Weibing, partner of Xiaomi Group, president of the group and chairman of the brand Committee, revealed that thanks to the efficient use of funds, "this figure is even less than we expected."

Since the official announcement of the car, according to the public financial data, Xiaomi Group has invested more than 5.5 billion yuan in the automobile business, from supply to manufacturing, to products and sales..

The time plan for mass production in the first half of 2024 is getting closer and closer. What is the specific progress of Xiaomi Automobile??

01

Acknowledging the summer test, the progress of building a car exceeded expectations.

Although in the financial report meeting, Lu Weibing made it clear that the news about Xiaomi Automobile was not authorized by the company and could not be disclosed more, but a small part of the news was released.

He clearly admitted that Xiaomi Automobile had conducted a summer test in Xinjiang, and the progress was very smooth..

On August 19th this year, Lei Jun, chairman of Xiaomi, took a group photo on social media, with the IP belonging to Xinjiang, and the banner held by everyone in the photo read "Fight for Xiaomi Automobile".

Recently, Lei Jun released the Weibo in Xinjiang

This has aroused widespread concern from the outside world, and it has been speculated that Xiaomi Automobile is very likely to conduct a road test in Xinjiang in summer, and Lei Jun personally leads the team.

"Two days ago, I and Lei Zong sent Weibo’s IP to show in Xinjiang at the same time, and everyone was wondering whether we went to Xinjiang to take part in the summer test, which is true. Our summer test should be said to be very smooth. " In response to this incident, Lu Weibing gave a positive answer.

He added:"Our goal of mass production and sales in the first half of 2024 has not changed. Now everything is going very smoothly, which can be said to have exceeded our original expectations and plans.. "

According to Lu Weibing,Xiaomi Automobile currently has nearly 3,000 R&D personnel.. "When Xiaomi Automobile chose to enter the automobile industry from the beginning, we made all the layouts from the perspective of’ a century-old industrial change’ and with the strategic goal of’ Xiaomi will enter the top five global electric vehicle brands in the future’. Based on this layout, we adopted the whole process of self-research, and almost all aspects of our first car were self-developed by Xiaomi. "

Due to the choice of self-built factories and full-stack self-research, Lu Weibing said frankly,Xiaomi automobile has adopted a very over-investment approach."It can be said that in order to ensure the smooth progress of the first car, we have invested a lot. We will also disclose relevant investment every quarter, which can be used as a reference for Xiaomi’s investment in automobiles. Of course, from the perspective of cash flow, it may be faster. "

02

Everything seems to be ready, from manufacturing to channels.

Although Lu Weibing didn’t disclose much, we can still find out how Xiaomi’s car-making business is progressing from the aspects of supply side, manufacturing side, product side and sales side.

First of all, look at the supply of parts.

In the era of new energy vehicles, the most important part is the battery, regardless of the cost or the function of the whole vehicle.

Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited is rumored to be one of the suppliers of power batteries for Xiaomi Automobile.

Earlier, according to Interface News, Xiaomi Automobile has confirmed that Zhongchuang Singapore Airlines and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited are the primary and secondary power battery suppliers at this stage. BYD, which was previously speculated by the outside world, is not on the supply chain list.

However, some insiders told Cybercar that,The power battery supplier of Xiaomi Automobile has already been determined, and it will still adopt the combination of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and BYD, in which Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited will supply ternary lithium batteries to Xiaomi Automobile and BYD will supply lithium iron phosphate batteries..

No matter which battery manufacturer’s products are used, it is certain that Xiaomi will adopt a multi-supplier model in the supply of power batteries from the very beginning..

On the one hand, it has absorbed the experience of the predecessors of the new energy main engine factory in the previous two years. In 2022, many new energy OEMs adopted a single supplier model for some parts and components, and all of them were cut off under the impact of the epidemic, resulting in that they could not produce and deliver on time even if they had more orders, which not only reduced the capacity utilization rate, but also caused orders to be unsubscribed by users.

On the other hand, although Xiaomi Automobile is already a big traffic user before it is officially listed, what is always seen in the automobile industry is the sales volume, not the topic heat. Xiaomi Automobile, which has no mass production delivery experience, does not have much bargaining power in front of suppliers.

After the introduction of the multi-supplier model, coupled with the obvious oversupply of power batteries, Xiaomi Automobile has more initiative.

In the supply of other key components, we can spy on Xiaomi’s capital layout..

Among them, in terms of lidar, Xiaomi has invested in four lidar manufacturers, including Hesai Technology, Innovusion Tudatong, Beixing Photon and Sagitar Juchuang, through Xiaomi Group, Xiaomi Investment and Shunwei Capital associated with Lei Jun; In the autonomous driving solution, Xiaomi also invested in Zongmu Technology, Geometry Partners, Smart Walker and Momenta, and even acquired the autonomous driving company Deepmotion, taking its accumulated technology in intelligent driving perception, decision-making, planning and control as the basis for self-research.

On the manufacturing side, the Yizhuang Phase I factory built by Xiaomi Automobile is nearing completion, and its annual production capacity is expected to reach 150,000-200,000 vehicles.. It is reported that Yizhuang factory has also started to recruit workers in large quantities for more than 100 job vacancies in painting, welding and battery workshops.

Yizhuang will become the future R&D and manufacturing center of Xiaomi Automobile.

But in 2023, production qualification is the most important thing for car companies in the manufacturing end.

After the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology successively issued the Regulations on the Administration of Newly Built Pure Electric Passenger Cars and the Regulations on the Administration of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Products Access, it is difficult to enter the new energy market in 2023. Both the self-traveler and Jidu were subject to the new regulations, or regretted leaving temporarily, or turned to seek a new car-making model.

But recently,According to the report of Reuters, Xiaomi Automobile has removed this obstacle and obtained relevant vehicle-making qualifications, but the reason and process for Xiaomi Automobile’s specific qualification are unknown..

In terms of products,According to the public information, the first two products of Xiaomi Automobile will be marked with Tesla Model 3 and Model Y respectively, and it is likely to provide a battery version of 101kWh, and there is also a high probability that at least an optional version of lidar will be provided..

Regarding the most important selling price,According to insiders, the starting price of Xiaomi’s first car will probably drop below 200,000 yuan and reach the level of 170,000 yuan..

Judging from the summer test performance of Xiaomi Automobile exposed by Hu Zhengnan, a partner of Shunwei Capital Investment, in Weibo a few days ago,In the high temperature environment, Xiaomi automobile can give a performance of 8.8kWh/100km. For comparison, the reference data of Model 3 energy consumption given by Tesla is 12.6kWh/100km..

On the whole,With the starting price of 170,000 yuan, plus 101kWh battery, lidar version and 8.8kWh/100km energy consumption, Xiaomi’s first product is already quite competitive..

Hu Zhengnan released the energy consumption performance of Xiaomi automobile in summer test in his Weibo.

Finally,existOn the sales side, Xiaomi is likely to learn from Huawei, select some of its own more than 10,000 channel stores and upgrade them to user centers. Even if only one tenth of the stores are upgraded, there are about 1,000, which is also the level of the head of the domestic new energy main engine factory..

According to the public information, Xiaomi Automobile has started the site selection of the delivery center, requiring the candidate venue to provide at least 120 parking spaces, and the construction area should not be less than 3,000 square meters.

Besides,Lei Jun also revealed two small messages at this year’s Xiaomi annual conference:At present, almost all smart electric vehicles are equipped with wireless charging; The perception system of the second generation robot dog iron egg is somewhat similar to the current intelligent car perception system..

03

Can you go public on an auspicious day? Xiaomi automobile not only owes Dongfeng.

From supply to manufacturing, from products to sales, Xiaomi Automobile seems to be fully prepared for the launch of the first product.

However, Xiaomi Automobile is really ready for everything, only owing to the east wind. Can it be listed on an auspicious day? It doesn’t seem to be.

After the arrival of the new energy wave, the situation of the whole automobile industry can be said to be changing rapidly, and no matter how many and prudent plans, they can’t keep up with the changes.

Some netizens broke the news and photographed four Xiaomi car test cars in Xinjiang.

From the price point of view,Xiaomi’s first car product is selected as the benchmark Model 3. If the starting price really comes to 170,000 yuan, it means that it is 30,000 yuan cheaper than the current Model 3. This price is very attractive to consumers..

But the mantis catches cicadas, and the yellowbird is behind. On August 28th, Tucki announced that it would lower the price threshold of intelligent electric vehicles to 150,000 yuan. Tucki officially announced that it will acquire Didi’s existing and highly-completed pure electric platform, and launch 150,000-yuan B-end +C-end products on this platform, among which the C-end products will be empowered by Tucki’s roll-up structure and XNGP intelligent assisted driving system.

In this way,Although Xiaomi car products are cheaper than Model 3, their advantages are not obvious compared with Tucki..

Not only that, thanks to the gambling agreement signed with Didi, Tucki’s upcoming 150,000-yuan products will not worry about sales. There is a high probability that there will be a sales scale of 100,000 vehicles every year, while Xiaomi needs to fight alone to fight our way out.

In addition,Xiaomi should also be prepared to "support one child for the whole family" at the beginning of the business..

Xiaomi’s second-quarter financial report data shows that the overall gross profit margin of Xiaomi in this quarter, as well as the gross profit margin of smart phone business and IoT and consumer products business, all reached new highs, reaching more than 13%.

However, from Wei Xiaoli to Zero Run, Nezha, Ai ‘an, etc., all the new OEMs in recent years started with negative gross profit margin and huge losses. Li Bin, founder and CEO of Weilai Automobile, even admitted that "it is impossible to build a car without 40 billion yuan".

Once it officially enters the market, I am afraid that Xiaomi’s auto business will not only face losses, but also drag down the financial data of Xiaomi Group and even affect the performance of the Group in the secondary market.

Xiaomi has rich experience in hardware manufacturing, and the existing sales channel network is also one of the advantages.

But on the bright side,Thanks to the origin of its own mobile phone manufacturer, Xiaomi may also save a lot of costs in terms of large-scale production, sales network layout and some R&D expenditures..

Among them,Different from Wei Xiaoli, Xiaomi has the experience of large-scale hardware manufacturing and mass delivery, and there should be no "productivity hell" in the initial stage of vehicle delivery..

In addition, as mentioned above, Xiaomi Automobile can choose to upgrade its existing offline stores instead of relocating them to deploy its sales network.

What’s more, in order to ensure the competitiveness of the mobile phone business, Xiaomi has laid out the AI ? ? big model technology.Lu Weibing also revealed in the conference call that AI will definitely be combined with "Little Love Classmate" (Xiaomi’s artificial intelligence assistant) in the future. After the release of automobile products, Xiaomi’s accumulated technology in human-computer interaction and AI big model can also be directly adapted to the car end, without extra time and effort to develop related functions for the intelligent cockpit from scratch..

All in all, thanks to its years of experience in the field of mobile phones and IoT, Xiaomi Automobile can be said to have a considerable degree of software and hardware R&D and manufacturing capabilities, not to mention being born with a golden spoon, but even so, in the increasingly cruel automobile market, Xiaomi Automobile is still a long way from getting a "real ticket".

Officials were reported to have taken care of the female anchor and returned to work less than a week later.

　　Zhangjiajie Economic Development Zone.

　　Screenshot of the exposed video. Network screenshot

　　Department-level officials were reported to support female TV anchors, buy BMW cars for female anchors, and provide nearly 1 million yuan of funds to female anchors for their consumption every year. The video of the official and the female anchor being shot abnormally in the room was also exposed. Jin Zeyin, former deputy secretary-general of Zhangjiajie Municipal People’s Government and director of Zhangjiajie Economic Development Zone Management Committee, was reported.

　　On April 22nd, there was an exclusive media report that Jin Zeyin was reported to have adopted a female anchor. "Jin Zeyin’s dismissal was not notified. In less than a week, he went to the municipal government to go to work normally." Several veteran cadres in Zhangjiajie who did not want to be named questioned this.

　　The Propaganda Department of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee responded that the official did not report it because the investigation by the Commission for Discipline Inspection was not over; Dismissal is because his life style has been confirmed; It is a resolution of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee to work in the municipal government office after his dismissal; Jin Zeyin was a general cadre in the municipal government, but he didn’t hold a post.

　　The reporter claimed to be the husband of the female anchor who was adopted.

　　On April 20th, an online post titled "Jin Zeyin in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province has been corrupted and committed adultery with Lu Wei for a long time" attracted attention. The poster claimed to be the husband of Lu Mou, an employee of Zhangjiajie TV Station, and publicly reported that Jin Zeyin, an official in Zhangjiajie, had a style problem.

　　According to the above net post, since 2012, "Jin Zeyin has committed adultery with my wife Lu Mou (Zhangjiajie TV Station) and bought a luxury BMW car for her, providing her with nearly 1 million yuan for her consumption every year", and so on.

　　However, the poster who claimed to be Lu’s husband misspelled his wife’s surname "Lu" as "Lu".

　　The report net post distributed a video of 1 minute and 21 seconds, which presented three scenes: a middle-aged man walking around the room in pajamas; The process of a woman wearing pajamas and dressing; A man went out with a woman on his back. This edited video shows that men and women are in the same room.

　　On April 21, the relevant person in charge of the network information office in Zhangjiajie confirmed to The Paper that the Zhangjiajie Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government held a meeting on this report that morning, and the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Municipal Public Security Bureau had intervened in the investigation on the authenticity of the report post. On the 25th of the same month, Jin Zeyin’s personal data disappeared from the official website of Zhangjiajie Economic Development Zone Management Committee.

　　The Paper survey found that Jin Zeyin and Lu had already crossed paths. Jin once served as deputy district head and propaganda minister in Wulingyuan District of Zhangjiajie City, while Lumou worked in Wulingyuan District TV Station. After Lumou applied to Zhangjiajie TV Station as the anchor of the news channel.

　　According to Jin Zeyin’s colleague, who did not want to be named, since the day after the media report (23rd), Jin Zeyin has never appeared in public in the company, and the door of his office has been closed.

　　According to the above-mentioned staff, on April 23rd, the relevant staff of Zhangjiajie City Commission for Discipline Inspection came to the Development Zone to announce that Jin Zeyin had been investigated by the Commission for Discipline Inspection. Subsequently, the organization department came to the Economic Development Zone to announce the resolution of dismissing Jin Zeyin. "At that time, it was only orally announced, and no written documents were seen."

　　Veteran cadres questioned that they went to work in the municipal government office after being exempted.

　　Three veteran cadres in Zhangjiajie questioned The Paper, saying that Jin Zeyin had been transferred to the Zhangjiajie municipal government office to work less than a week after he was dismissed from his post.

　　The veteran cadres said that they learned from relevant channels that the Zhangjiajie Public Security Bureau launched a "double investigation" on this matter after the incident: on the one hand, it checked the style of Jin Zeyin, on the other hand, it checked the video in the online report post to see if the shooting was legal.

　　According to a person familiar with the Zhangjiajie Public Security Bureau, after the report occurred, the relevant departments of Zhangjiajie launched a "double investigation" on the whistleblower and the reported person. So far, the "mysterious reporter" who posted the post has not surfaced.

　　The Paper learned from relevant channels that the whistleblower refused to show up for fear of retaliation. Before the online report, the whistleblower sent the detailed report materials to the relevant departments in Zhangjiajie, and only chose to report online when there was no response.

　　The reporter tried to get in touch with the reporter many times and was told by him through relevant channels that "it is not convenient to show up for the time being, and all evidence and complete videos will be made public when there is danger".

　　Official response Disciplinary Committee has filed a case.

　　The reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee that Jin Zeyin is married and his wife works in the education system. After Jin Zeyin and Lumou were exposed, Lumou didn’t go back to the TV station to work.

　　On May 24, the relevant person in charge of the Propaganda Department of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee provided reporters with several internal documents stamped with the official seal in response to the query of veteran cadres.

　　These documents confirmed that, after research by the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection, it was decided to put Jin Zeyin’s violation of discipline on file for review, and to remove him from the posts of Deputy Secretary-General of the Municipal People’s Government (concurrently) and Director of the Management Committee of Zhangjiajie Economic Development Zone (Zhangjiajie Science and Technology Industrial Park).

　　According to the minutes of the meeting of the Standing Committee of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee on April 25th, Yang Guangrong, secretary of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee, presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee to listen to the preliminary investigation and verification of Jin Zeyin’s life style by the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Organization Department of the Municipal Committee.

　　The above-mentioned meeting held that the life style of leading cadres is by no means a trivial matter, nor a minor issue, but a major event related to the credibility and image of the party among the people … … Judging from the investigation and verification, there is a violation of discipline in Jin Zeyin … …

　　The Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection filed a case review on its disciplinary problems and agreed to adjust Jin Zeyin to the work of the municipal government.

　　The minutes of the meeting also mentioned that Lu Mou, the relevant party, had reported the case to the public security department on the issue of monitoring and collecting evidence for suspected illegal intrusion into houses, and the municipal and district public security departments should file an investigation according to law and detect the case as soon as possible.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Propaganda Department of Zhangjiajie Municipal Committee explained that the current investigation of Jin Zeyin by the Commission for Discipline Inspection is not just a matter of life style, but the economic problems mentioned in the net posts are being investigated together; However, before the results of the investigation by the Commission for Discipline Inspection come out, Jin Zeyin is still a civil servant, so there is nothing wrong with adjusting his post.

　　"On the issue of dealing with Jin Zeyin, the Zhangjiajie Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Organization Department and the public security are all investigating and handling according to law, discipline and regulations." The relevant person in charge of the above-mentioned propaganda department said.

The last ＂battle＂ before autonomous driving, Zhiji Automobile released the ＂Roadmap for the landing of smart driving products in the next 3-5 years＂

[Global Network Automobile Comprehensive Report] (August 16, 2023, Beijing) Recently, two Tsinghua alumni-Guo Hui, deputy CTO/ of Zhiji Automobile/chief scientist of intelligent driving, and Cao Xudong, CEO of Momenta, a global head intelligent driving algorithm player, joined hands with Tsinghua University Institute of Vehicles and Transportation.subdecanalProfessor Shengbo Eben Li, held in Tsinghua Science Park."IM AD DAY Zhiji Automobile Intelligent Driving Conference Tsinghua" exchanged and discussed with the guests on many topics such as technical route, experience standard and development trend before the end of automatic driving..

At the event, Professor Shengbo Eben Li of Tsinghua University shared "Safety Challenges and Technical Progress of Self-driving Cars", which was highly summarized."Data-driven" gives autonomous driving a "safe" technological evolution path. Guo Hui, chief scientist of Zhiji automobile intelligent driving, reviewed.TomojiAfter 2 years, the head player has been driving for 9 years.The technological evolution track of has reachedHuman driving safety3.2 timesUser experience of smart driving products; And published it."Roadmap for the landing of Zhiji automobile intelligent driving products in the next 3-5 years", announced that it will be this year.In October, the public beta of "IM AD City NOA" was officially launched, and it entered the "urban NOA era" in synchronization with the global head players..Cao Xudong, CEO of Momenta, analyzed in detail "Based on DDOD, DDLD, D.L.P artificial intelligence model,IM AD intelligent driving will be fully data-driven, and most scenes will be automatically driven in the next 3-5 years.",towards the end of automatic driving!

TomojiAfter two years of friendship and nine years of intellectual driving,In 2025, it will enter the era of Door to Door.

Coming soonThe NOA beta of the city opened in October means thatZhiji automobile YongIn 2 years (Zhiji brand was released in 2021), it completed the accumulation of head players in other industries for 9 years, and constantly set a new record of "the fastest mass production of intelligent driving products" in the industry..

From the road map, the futureIn 3~5 years, Zhiji Automobile will start the intelligent driving products to accelerate the running, and the intelligent driving products such as high-precision map NOA, urban NOA and commuting mode will be intensively launched:

· "Go to the high-precision map NOA", IM AD will open the public beta in September;

· "City NOA", which started internal testing in April this year, is progressing smoothly and will start public testing in October;

· "Commuting mode" is expected to quickly cover 100+ cities nationwide in 2024;

In 2025, IM AD will enter the era of Door to Door.

Achieved3.2 times the human driving safety, and the intelligent driving experience is superior to the industry’s head level.

At the same time of rapid evolution, high-standard intelligent driving experience is the highest value appeal of Zhiji automobile. Zhiji automobile intelligent driving assistance systemIM AD not only surpasses most human drivers in safety, traffic efficiency and road game ability, but also provides users with an experience obviously superior to the industry standard..

Especially the safety, at present, Zhiji automobile has achieved human driving safety.3.2 times of intelligent driving. The statistical results of actual driving data show that at present, the number of collision accidents per million kilometers of IM AD is 0.6, which is far lower than the number of collision accidents per million kilometers driven by human beings, which provides a solid security guarantee for the user experience of man-machine driving. IM AD’s safety class false braking frequency is less than once per million kilometers, which is 5 times better than the industry head standard.

On the performance experience,IM AD’s delivery standard is also strict, which exceeds the level of the top players in the industry, whether it is "driving performance" such as lane change efficiency, driving center performance, driving fluency and driving comfort, or "parking performance" such as parking space recognition ability, parking success rate and parking fluency. The success rate of IM AD lane change is as high as 98%, the uncomfortable deceleration is only 1.3 times per thousand kilometers, and the success rate of parking is 97%. It can be called a typical "hexagonal warrior".

Keep accelerating evolution with technological advantages, and realize safety, comfort and intelligence driven by all data.

As a new brand, Zhiji AutomobileBehind the 2-year-old distance between players in the head is the underlying technical advantage of joint development and two-way empowerment with Momenta.The core competence composed of more efficient architecture, rapidly evolving algorithms and higher utilization of generative data will continue to drive.The accelerated running of IM AD’s intelligent driving evolution.

IM AD is the only dual-intelligent computing platform compatible with Xavier and Orin, and its architecture adaptability is more efficient, the computing power requirement is reduced by 90%, and the running efficiency of the model is greatly improved by 500%.. Based on this, limited computing power can also achieve global visual integration; Only byThe scheme of "single lidar+single Orin chip" can also cover all urban scenes and meet the demand of NOA for high-precision maps.

At the same time,IM AD algorithm has the ability of faster technological evolution. In 2021, OneModel, BEV and Transformer technologies have been implemented, and in 2022, the first car was equipped to achieve mass production, laying the industry-leading technology base. In April 2023, Zhiji Automobile and Momenta released the industry’s first D.L.P artificial intelligence model, which solved the bottleneck problem of cognitive intelligence. The "NOA-to-high-precision map" public beta, which will be launched in September this year, will gradually realize the switching of map technology schemes and realize the uninterrupted assisted driving experience without relying on high-precision maps. On this basis, in 2024, IM AD is expected to enter the application stage of Occupancy occupying the network and realize automatic driving in most scenarios.

　

It is worth noting that, as the peak product of Zhiji automobile intelligence, the third model will be unveiled at Chengdu Auto Show.TomojiLS6, the whole department has NOA ability to go to high-precision maps, and the delivery is equipped with the industry’s first "one-click scene driving" function.on the basis ofIM AD intelligent driving technology solves the high-frequency pain points in the deterministic scene of users’ urban travel.

At present, IM AD is preparing for the technology to go to sea, and has completed the European localization adaptability training, and the planning algorithm has adapted to the local environment and driving habits. In 2024, with the launch of the first global strategic model LS6 of Zhiji Automobile, Zhiji Automobile will share China’s intelligent driving technology with the world, rapidly expand its overseas influence, and let the world see China, and China is the world!

Xinhua All Media+What’s the Five Ones？ Let’s see how the most beautiful workers are tempered.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 30th Question: this five "one" depends on how the most beautiful workers are tempered.

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　Labor creates happiness, and strives to write Chinese chapter. In the arena of life, they carry the pursuit of a better future with small tools, and interpret and carry forward the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit with wisdom and sweat. On the eve of May Day, the reporter approached five of the most beautiful laborers and listened to their initial stories of forging the "most beautiful".

　　A notebook computer: releasing the potential of labor creation

　　"I am lucky to be able to release my labor enthusiasm and creative potential in China’s space industry." When the reporter saw the 23-year-old Hu Xingsheng next to the CNC machine tool of the No.283 Factory of the Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology in China, he had just won this year’s National May 1 Labor Medal.

　　In addition to using traditional old pliers, bolts and wrenches, maintenance workers who maintain CNC machine tools rely more on a notebook computer to troubleshoot port and signal failures.

　　Hu Xingsheng checks faults at work. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　The operation of CNC machine tools requires high precision. In the aspects of geometric accuracy inspection and geometric accuracy compensation, he and his colleagues have conducted thousands of drills to make the machine tool operation more accurate to meet the requirements of workpiece production. Not only that, but in more than a year, he also developed a number of equipment.

　　One of the automatic grinding devices for graphite casing breaks through the existing production bottleneck and improves the production efficiency of unmanned automatic grinding by 80%; The existing manual grease coating method was changed to realize automatic grease coating of bearings, which improved the production efficiency by 200%… …

　　In 2021, he participated in the trial competition of "CNC machine tool assembly and adjustment" project in the seventh national vocational skills competition for employees in Beijing, and won the first place. In the subsequent national competition of the same project, he won the national first prize of the project, the national champion of the event, and won the title of national technical expert. In the competition, he finished the parts processing, and the accuracy error was controlled at 0.02 mm, which is equivalent to one tenth of a hair.

　　"The stage is as big as the heart." Hu Xingsheng said, serve the country with skills and strive to become a higher-level skill leader.

　　A leaky spoon: persistent tempering and concentration

　　Being a good cook, Liu Yang persisted for 18 years.

　　Liu Yang is hanging soup. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　The reporter went to a restaurant in downtown Yuzhong, Chongqing, and the chef Liu Yang was busy preparing a pot of soup. "I have loved cooking since I was a child, and I have tried to cook a pot of soup. Customers think it is delicious and I like it. Time seems to be in the taste of soup. "

　　"A bowl of good soup can warm the stomach of the world", and a colander is his favorite tool. Every day at first light, Liu Yang went to the kitchen, and after several hours of cooking, hundreds of kilograms of water and more than 20 kilograms of beef, with the stirring of the colander, the soup base was clear and bright, and the fragrance was fragrant.

　　Without persistence, it is difficult to temper concentration. He once failed to make soup, so he had to sum up the rules, keep trying and even work all night.

　　Deeply cultivated in soup, but not limited to soup. Liu Yang learns from others’ strengths, captures the trend of experiential consumption, develops a variety of new dishes, and vacuum cooking is the first in its business. He participated in the innovation and improvement of 186 Chongqing Sichuan dishes, which promoted the development of Chongqing food culture.

　　This year, Liu Yang won the National May 1st Labor Medal. He said that diet bears the culture of China, and every dish should be cooked well, so that customers can feel the humanistic power behind the food and the spiritual temperament of the Chinese nation.

　　A microscope: precision in the microscopic world

　　A microscope and a 4-square-meter workbench. The world of precision parts created by Lin Yudeng ranges from the research and development of watch movements to China’s manned spaceflight project.

　　Lin Yudeng makes debugging molds on the workbench. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　Lin Yudeng, 49, is the deputy director and senior technician of the model center of Fujian Shangrun Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., and a national model worker in 2020. From an ordinary die fitter to a master of skills, every day is "dead" with precision.

　　After graduating from technical school, the master in the workshop gave him a ring on the spot, which was exquisite and smooth, as if it were alive, and opened an unprecedented world for Lin Yudeng and his "artisan life".

　　In the world of precision manufacturing, it’s a drop in the bucket. When completing the research and manufacture of CH31 chronograph and seconds movement mold, 108 different sizes and accuracy requirements reached plus or minus 5 microns, and 18 tests were carried out before and after. After three months, Yu Lin Deng and his team finally tackled the problem and broke the foreign monopoly in this field.

　　More than 19,000 truss structural shafts on the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" giant telescope were created by the team of model worker innovation studio led by Lin Yudeng. "Everything is not the same, there is no shortcut, and it is constantly fine-tuned while groping." "Eye of the Sky" was completed, and he was very proud at that moment.

　　For more than 20 years, Lin Yudeng led the team to design and manufacture more than 200 pairs of molds, more than 100 varieties and more than 10,000 mold design drawings … … "It’s great to do one thing well all your life." — — This teaching from the master is often quoted by Lin Yudeng. "As long as simple things are done to the extreme, no matter how small the work is, it can also create a vast world."

　　A flashlight: illuminating the "craftsman’s soul"

　　Holding a flashlight and full of pulp, you often sweat in a high temperature environment of 30 to 40 degrees Celsius.

　　Gu Ancheng judged the pulp color by flashlight irradiation. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　This is the normal work of Gu Ancheng, the winner of the National May 1st Labor Medal in 2022 and the squad leader of Class B production in Qidashan Concentrator of Liaoning Angang Mining Company, as a flotation worker.

　　On average, in each class, Gu ‘an and Chengdu have to go to the sampling point more than a dozen times. Pick up the pulp, carefully check the pulp color with a flashlight, then twist it by hand, feel the particle size of the pulp, analyze the material grade, and finally make records. In 23 years, he has done this action more than 40 thousand times.

　　Under the tempering of time, it is becoming more and more firm, and the "artisan soul" slowly precipitates in repeated fishing, observation and twisting.

　　In 2015, the industrial test of flotation column approved by Angang Mining Company was in the initial stage in the first dressing operation area of Qidashan Concentrator, and the indicators failed to achieve the expected results. Gu Ancheng carefully observed and studied, and put forward measures such as improving equipment operation speed and optimizing ore feeding granularity, and the technical indicators were obviously improved.

　　A small flashlight can accomplish a big dream. For more than 10 years, Gu Ancheng has been honored. For the future, Gu Ancheng has made a good plan. Do not forget your initiative mind, be honest and innovative, and let "ingenuity" pass on from generation to generation.

　　A paintbrush: Draw a happy life of the struggler.

　　A brush, simple outline, clay sculpture seems to be endowed with life, vivid. This is what Zhang Xueyi, a sculpture technician in Licheng County, Shanxi Province, has done for 20 years.

　　Zhang Xueyi is making clay colored sculptures. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　When he was a child, he liked local traditional opera costumes and facial makeup in Licheng. When the opera was left out in the cold, Zhang Xueyi had the idea of making opera masks into clay colored sculptures, "let the opera masks be circulated in the form of handicrafts."

　　At that time, there were six or seven colors of painted pigments on the market, while painting faces needed more than a dozen colors. Zhang Xueyi groped for making pigments, which took him more than two years. When I first started painting, I sat in front of the painting table for more than ten hours every day, and a writing brush often had to be replaced in less than a week. The most important part of drawing a figure is the eyes. He has developed the habit of "staring at others when he meets", and some people tease him if he shows people faces.

　　Persistence will pay off. His clay sculptures with local folk characteristics, such as One Hundred Faces of Shangdang Opera and Li Houhu, have won many awards.

　　Li Hou’s color carving skills were listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Shanxi Province in 2017. As a non-genetic inheritor, he founded a non-legacy technology innovation studio, trained and taught apprentices and employees hand in hand, and started a business with the villagers. Clay colored sculptures are exported, and more people know the local traditional culture of Licheng.

　　This year, Zhang Xueyi won the National May 1st Labor Medal. "Happiness is a struggle!" He said, "Life is like a paintbrush, and the wonderful is in our own hands." (Reporter Tai Sicong, Huang Xing, Wu Jianfeng, Bai Yongquan, Liu Yangtao)

The college entrance examination focuses on preventing mobile phone cheating： to keep a hundred secrets from being sparse.

　　have/reap a bumper/copious/rich harvest

　　Less than a month before the 2023 college entrance examination, the college entrance examination work was put on the agenda. On May 9, the Ministry of Education and relevant departments held a video conference on the safety of the 2023 national college entrance examination. The Minister of Education made arrangements for the 2023 college entrance examination, emphasizing the prevention of cheating on mobile phones as the top priority of this year’s college entrance examination.

　　This year’s college entrance examination is the first one after the Covid-19 epidemic, which means that the epidemic has little impact on the college entrance examination, and we will concentrate on the "safe college entrance examination". One of the arrangements for the "Safe College Entrance Examination" is to strengthen comprehensive management, and preventing mobile phone cheating is the top priority of this year’s college entrance examination security. To this end, the Ministry of Education emphasizes that mobile phones cannot be brought in, used or sent out.

　　The reason why preventing mobile phone cheating is the top priority of college entrance examination security is because everyone has a mobile phone today. If the prevention is not strict, the mobile phone will easily become a cheating tool. More importantly, in recent college entrance examinations, although it is explicitly forbidden for candidates to bring wireless communication devices such as mobile phones into the examination room before the college entrance examination, and metal detectors are supplemented during security inspection, and various measures are taken to shield wireless signals, mobile phone cheating cases still occur.

　　For example, in the college entrance examination in 2021, a candidate in Hubei illegally brought his mobile phone into the examination room. In the examination, he hid the mobile phone under the draft paper to shoot questions, and distributed it to a training institution to seek answers at the beginning of the examination. In the college entrance examination in 2022, a candidate in Gansu illegally brought his mobile phone into the examination room. After the examination, he took the test paper and sent it to QQ group for an answer. These events have aroused social concern and affected the reputation of the college entrance examination.

　　The college entrance examination is a life test for the majority of candidates. Only a standardized college entrance examination order can ensure the fairness of the college entrance examination. Although the mobile phone cheating in the above cases failed to achieve the goal, it still revealed that the security of the college entrance examination seemed to be well deployed, but in fact there were some loopholes. In order to maintain the fairness and justice of the college entrance examination, preventing mobile phone cheating has been mentioned in an important position in this year’s college entrance examination.

　　The so-called "no entry" is to strengthen the security inspection of test sites and prevent candidates from bringing their mobile phones into the examination room from the source. If the security personnel of the test center are serious and responsible for their work, and with the help of advanced technology such as metal detectors, candidates with mobile phones can be found in time and prevented from entering the examination room.

　　"I can’t use it" means to strengthen the responsibility of the invigilator in the examination room. Even if candidates carry their mobile phones through the security clearance, they will not have the opportunity to use them in the examination room, which is a supplementary defense against possible security omissions. "Unable to transmit" means to improve and upgrade the wireless signal shielding equipment, so that even if candidates use mobile phones in the examination room, they cannot achieve the purpose of obtaining answers.

　　In order to maintain the order and fairness of the college entrance examination, this year, the safety of the college entrance examination was clearly defined, and specific requirements were put forward to form a "full chain" supervision at the test sites. The effect is worth looking forward to. First, "taking the prevention of mobile phone cheating as the top priority of the college entrance examination this year" is a shock to candidates with cheating tendency. Second, this will further compact the supervision responsibility of the three links and ensure that mobile phone cheating cases will not appear.

　　However, considering that the total number of candidates is likely to exceed 10 million this year, the number of candidates in some provinces has increased, and the idea that individual candidates still cheat on mobile phones is not ruled out. At the same time, considering that there are as many as seven or eight thousand test sites in the national college entrance examination, it is not excluded that there are omissions in the security inspection of individual test sites. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of college entrance examination rooms every year, and there are more than one million invigilators, not to mention the negligence of invigilators.

　　After the Ministry of Education emphasized that preventing cheating on mobile phones should be the focus of this year’s college entrance examination security, all localities must make further detailed arrangements to truly pursue secrecy and prevent one from being sparse. There are still more than 20 days before the college entrance examination. I hope that all relevant departments at all levels, the person in charge of each test center and each invigilator can make full preparations, strictly perform their duties and responsibilities, guard the discipline and fairness of the college entrance examination, and hand over satisfactory answers to the majority of candidates and the public.

　　Photo courtesy/vision china

The slowness and quickness behind Aauto Quicker’s listing

Chupin company laboratory　

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"Hello, Lao Tie!" Before November 17th, probably no one would have thought that Cristiano Ronaldo would settle in Aauto Quicker and become a member of Laotie. When international superstars meet Aauto Quicker Laotie, there is always a little unrealistic feeling.

Founded in 2011, in less than ten years, Aauto Quicker has become a force to be reckoned with in the Internet industry, but labels such as "Buddhism" and "local flavor" have been bothering Aauto Quicker.

In June 2020, on the occasion of the ninth anniversary of the founding of Aauto Quicker, when "Ollie" shouted to his uncle, "Old Tie, there is nothing wrong, we are dust in the world, but we are our own heroes", most people knew what Aauto Quicker was like in its original ecology.

In fact, since June 2019, Aauto Quicker, who has always been a "Buddhist", is tearing off his "slow label" and turning to a wolf. Aauto Quicker has been accelerating its development, launching the Aauto Quicker Extreme Edition, cooperating exclusively in the Spring Festival Evening, inviting stars such as Jay Chou and Cristiano Ronaldo to settle in and trying to break the circle.

On November 5th, Aauto Quicker officially submitted a prospectus to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, intending to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which is expected to become the "first short video share". It is reported that Aauto Quicker plans to raise 5 billion US dollars with a target valuation of 50 billion US dollars.

Aauto Quicker can’t catch up with the number of users in Tik Tok in five years.

When it comes to Aauto Quicker, the topic always seems to elude its rival Tik Tok. Even on the day when Aauto Quicker submitted the prospectus, ByteDance announced that it was negotiating a new round of financing with a total amount of US$ 2 billion and a valuation of US$ 180 billion to promote the listing of mature businesses such as Tik Tok, Watermelon Video and Today’s Headlines in Hong Kong.

ByteDance doesn’t seem to be short of $2 billion. According to previous foreign media reports, the byte revenue in 2019 was $18 billion, and $2 billion was just a month and a half. Bytes of this news, is nothing more than trying to steal the limelight in Aauto Quicker, short video two giants also want to compete in the IPO.

In the first half of 2020, Aauto Quicker has 302 million DAU (daily active users) and 776 million MAU (monthly active users), making it the second largest short video platform in the world. The first is Tik Tok. By August 2020, the DAU of Tik Tok has exceeded 600 million.

Compared with Tik Tok, the development of Aauto Quicker is obviously much slower. After all, Tik Tok is a product launched five years later than Aauto Quicker. Aauto Quicker’s slowness is related to CEO Su Hua and founder Cheng Yixiao.

Cheng Yixiao, who is known as the "Zhang Xiaolong of Tiantongyuan", is not good at talking. Zhang Fei, an early investor in Aauto Quicker and Wuyuan Capital, commented on him as "a little boring". Suhua, who joined Aauto Quicker later, is also a Buddhist, and they are very restrained in product design based on the principle of "not disturbing users".

Cheng Yixiao is an idealistic product manager. When GIF Aauto Quicker was founded in 2011, Weibo’s forwarding function was very popular, so it was very easy to copy it. But Cheng Yixiao thinks that once forwarded, the head effect will be obvious, and there is no way for everyone to be seen fairly. Therefore, Cheng Yixiao resolutely does not do the forwarding function.

Like Cheng Yixiao, Su Hua is also a person who cares about fairness and equality. He once said, "Aauto Quicker does not exist for stars, nor does it exist for big V." In this way, fairness and inclusiveness became the gene of Aauto Quicker. Under such values, Aauto Quicker adopted a double-column model to increase the chances of users’ anti-election, without a content operation team, without deliberately guiding the topic of explosions, and treated users equally, without supporting a big V in the head, and even limited the flow of head videos.

Guosheng Securities reported that the decentralized distribution mode of Pratt & Whitney in Aauto Quicker determined the slow and steady growth of its users. It took Aauto Quicker six years to break through 100 million DAU, while Tik Tok only took 17 months.

Tik Tok’s philosophy and playing style are completely opposite to that of Aauto Quicker. Zhang Yiming thinks that the information of mobile Internet is exploding, and users have too many choices, so algorithms need to be involved to screen out the needed information for users. Tik Tok’s recommendation mechanism is that all newly released videos will be allocated to the initial traffic pool, and based on the activity generated by the video, the platform will conduct multiple rounds of drainage for the videos with good performance.

In the first half of 2018, Tik Tok made a breakthrough from 30 million to 100 million and then to 150 million through a large number of advertisements and promotions, and realized the process of "falling behind-tying-overtaking" Aauto Quicker. In the face of the menacing Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker’s own user growth suddenly stopped, and DAU lingered around 100 million for half a year, which made Aauto Quicker very passive.

Aauto Quicker in Buddhism became a wolf.

In the world of Internet, growth means everything. Looking at Tik Tok, Su Hua and Cheng Yixiao, who have always been a Buddhist, couldn’t sit still.

In June, 2019, Su Hua and Cheng Yixiao sent an internal letter, in which they expressed their dissatisfaction with the status quo in Aauto Quicker, believed that it must be changed, and called on all staff to enter a state of combat.

The internal letter wrote:

Behind the seemingly good numbers, we see a deep hidden danger: we are no longer the fastest team. In the process of growing up, our muscles begin to become weak and slow down, and our perception of connection with users is weakening.

Yes, we are very dissatisfied with the present situation. Loose organization, Buddhist attitude and "slow company" are becoming our label. This makes us sleepless. Since the end of last year, from the two of us, the management of Aauto Quicker has made a profound introspection and reflection.

As a result, the "K3" campaign in Aauto Quicker officially started, and the "Buddhist" Aauto Quicker turned to "wolf" and set the goal of achieving 300 million DAU before the Spring Festival in 2020, with Tik Tok as the sword.

In order to increase users, Aauto Quicker made a compromise in product design.

In August, 2019, Aauto Quicker launched the Extreme Edition, which adopted new modes such as "inviting friends to get cash rewards", "signing in, watching videos and getting red envelopes", and added a single-column big-screen recommendation mode.

According to media reports, Aauto Quicker has set its strategic direction in early 2020, namely, up and down, south and industrialization. Among them, up and down refers to the content that can be infinitely up and down according to the algorithm recommendation like Tik Tok, which enhances the sense of immersion.

In August, 2020, one year after the release of Aauto Quicker Extreme Edition, DAU exceeded 100 million. In the same month, Aauto Quicker APP upgraded to version 8.0, and the product interface has undergone the biggest change in 9 years. The mode of single-column up and down and double-column click-and-click has been introduced, and the "Tik Tok" of Aauto Quicker has achieved results. However, Tik Tok is also "Aauto Quicker-oriented", and has introduced a double-row click mode to increase the stickiness of private domain, and the two sides have infiltrated each other.

However, for the sake of user growth, Aauto Quicker paid a lot of money. In the first half of 2020, Aauto Quicker’s sales expenses were 13.71 billion, up 354.0% year-on-year. The sales expenses were mainly used for the marketing and promotion of Aauto Quicker Extreme Edition and other applications, and brand promotion. It is mentioned in the prospectus that the sales expenses will continue to increase in the foreseeable future. After all, higher user growth rate means higher valuation.

In the Spring Festival of 2020, Aauto Quicker invested 4 billion yuan to reach an exclusive interactive cooperation with the Spring Festival Gala. According to Questmobile data, the gap between Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok DAU once narrowed to 60 million on the Spring Festival Gala, but after the Spring Festival, the gap widened to 100 million. With the peak of Spring Festival traffic, Aauto Quicker achieved the goal of 300 million DAU, and Tik Tok DAU exceeded 400 million.

Since 2020, in order to change the public impression of "rustic flavor", Aauto Quicker has continuously invited stars to settle in. The biggest player in the first half of the year was undoubtedly Jay Chou. Jay Chou, who didn’t even open Weibo, settled in Aauto Quicker and conducted a magic live broadcast. Recently, Cristiano Ronaldo officially settled in Aauto Quicker. In the video, Cristiano Ronaldo greeted everyone with "Hello, Lao Tie" in Chinese.

(Source: orient securities Research Office)

In the first half of the year, the most admirable thing about Aauto Quicker’s product promotion was probably the promo "Seeing". After bilibili’s "Back Wave" promo "overturned", Aauto Quicker found Uncle Ollie to make "See", which marked "Back Wave" and made Aauto Quicker’s original content out of the circle.

Commercialization is a bit fast.

In 2016, Aauto Quicker began to explore commercialization, and it took five years after its establishment to realize it. It can also be seen that Su Huacheng and Yixiao are quite Buddhist. However, the speed of commercialization in Aauto Quicker is very fast.

From 2017 to 2019, Aauto Quicker’s revenue was 8.34 billion, 20.30 billion and 39.12 billion respectively, with a compound annual growth rate of 116.6%. In the first half of 2020, the revenue was 25.32 billion, a year-on-year increase of 48.2%. At present, Aauto Quicker is still in a period of rapid growth.

It is said that Su Hua and Cheng Yixiao reached a consensus before 2018, and divided the driving force of Aauto Quicker’s income jump into three-stage rockets, namely live broadcast, advertising and e-commerce.

At the beginning of commercialization, Aauto Quicker chose live broadcast as the main method in live broadcast and advertisement. The advantage of live broadcast is that it takes into account the content and interactive experience while realizing it. In contrast, the realization of advertising is easy to disturb users, which is not in line with company values.

In the first two years of commercialization, live broadcast revenue accounted for more than 90%. In the first half of 2020, the live broadcast revenue was 17.35 billion, a year-on-year increase of 17.0%; The average monthly paying users reached 64 million, up 33.1% year-on-year. However, the average income of monthly paying users of live broadcast was 45.2 yuan, down 12.1% year-on-year.

The revenue of live broadcast business has slowed down, and advertising and e-commerce have become new power points. In 2019, after Ma Hongbin took over the commercialization of Aauto Quicker, he made a drastic reform in the commercialization system, and opened up everything to serve advertising. In 2019, Aauto Quicker’s online marketing revenue was 7.42 billion, a year-on-year increase of 345.5%; In the first half of 2020, online marketing revenue was 7.16 billion, a year-on-year increase of 222.5%. Advertising revenue increased from 4.7% in 2017 to 28.3%.

In these two businesses, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are the opposite, with Tik Tok accounting for a high proportion of advertising revenue and a low proportion of live broadcast revenue. But this does not prevent both companies from making efforts in e-commerce business. The unique "old iron culture" of e-commerce in Aauto Quicker has created the "top private domain traffic" in the live broadcast industry, so that Aauto Quicker can go faster than Tik Tok in the live broadcast business.

In 2018, Aauto Quicker launched the e-commerce business, after which this business began to grow rapidly.

In 2020, the original GMV target of e-commerce in Aauto Quicker was 100 billion. However, with the entry of Tik Tok and setting the GMV of e-commerce in Tik Tok at 200 billion, Aauto Quicker quickly raised the GMV target to 250 billion. In August, 2020, the DAU of e-commerce in Aauto Quicker exceeded 100 million. In the past 12 months, the cumulative order volume of e-commerce in Aauto Quicker ranked fourth in the industry, second only to Taobao Tmall, JD.COM and Pinduoduo.

In the first half of 2020, the GMV contributed by Aauto Quicker e-commerce platform was 109.6 billion, and in 2018, it was only 97 million, an increase of more than 1,000 times in two years. The average monthly repurchase rate of users in Aauto Quicker is over 60%.

However, under such a high GMV, the income of other businesses including e-commerce is only 810 million. Based on this, the monetization rate (income /GMV) of e-commerce in Aauto Quicker is only 0.7%, which is incredible, because Pinduoduo is 3%, and Ali and JD.COM are even higher.

The positive aspect of the monetization rate of 0.7% is that there is a lot of room for improvement in the future. The negative aspect is that Aauto Quicker e-commerce has only earned shouts for the time being, and has not made much contribution to revenue.

In addition to the low monetization rate, quality problems also plague Aauto Quicker e-commerce. On November 19th, "The bird’s nest sold by Simba was detected as sugar water by Wang Hai" was posted on the hot search. Wang Hai, a professional counterfeiter, claimed that the bird’s nest sold by Simba had zero protein content, which did not meet the standard of "protein content in bird’s nest is about 30%-50%" in the quality regulations of bird’s nest.

In Aauto Quicker, you don’t have to know Viya and Li Jiaqi, but you have to know Simba. Simba, the "first brother of Aauto Quicker", boarded a hot search because of commodity fraud, which will undoubtedly have a negative impact on e-commerce in Aauto Quicker.

The full text is over, thank you for reading.

In the first half of the year, the operating income of lithium battery industry reached 600 billion yuan.

CCTV News:According to the information released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology yesterday (August 3), in the first half of this year, China’s lithium-ion battery industry continued to grow, with output increasing by more than 40% year-on-year.

According to statistics, in the first half of this year, China’s lithium battery output exceeded 400 GWh, a year-on-year increase of more than 43%. In the first half of this year, the operating income of the lithium battery industry reached 600 billion yuan. Among them, the output of energy storage batteries in the first half of this year exceeded 75 GWh, and the loading capacity of power batteries for new energy vehicles was about 152 GWh.

At the same time, the reporter learned from China Automotive Power Battery Innovation Alliance that in the first half of this year, China’s power battery enterprises exported 56.7 GW of batteries. Among them, the cumulative export of ternary batteries is 39.4 GWh, accounting for 69.4% of the total export; The cumulative export of lithium iron phosphate batteries was 17.2 GWh, accounting for 30.3% of the total export. At the same time, in the first half of this year, a total of 48 power battery companies in China’s new energy vehicle market achieved vehicle loading facilities. In June, the number of power battery enterprises supporting new energy vehicles increased significantly.

＂State Compensation＂ Halves ＂Land Compensation＂ Cancels New Energy Vehicle Enterprises Facing Survival of the fittest

　　The new subsidy policy for new energy vehicles has appropriately raised the threshold of technical indicators, focused on supporting high-quality products with excellent energy consumption and high technical level, and encouraged enterprises to pay attention to safety and consistency.

　　At the same time, the implementation of the New Deal has also accelerated the "reshuffle" of the industry. Low-end enterprises that rely on subsidies for survival are doomed to be eliminated. Only by accelerating innovation drive and improving product strength can new energy vehicle companies hedge the impact of subsidies.

　　The much-anticipated financial subsidy policy for new energy vehicles has finally been introduced. On the 26th, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on Further Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles, which clarified the subsidy standards and liquidation methods for new energy vehicles in 2019. Compared with the previous subsidy policy, what specific changes will the New Deal have, what impact will it bring to the industry, and how should enterprises respond?

　　Pure electric vehicle compensation is reduced by nearly half

　　In 2019, the New Deal proposed that the driving range of pure electric passenger cars should not be less than 250 kilometers, that of plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including extended range) should not be less than 50 kilometers, and that the subsidized driving range should only be divided into "two grades" of 250 to 400 kilometers and more than 400 kilometers, with subsidy amounts of 18,000 yuan and 25,000 yuan respectively, and that of plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including extended range) should be 10,000 yuan.

　　Last year, except for vehicles below 150km, subsidies for pure electric vehicles were divided into "four gears" with cruising range of 150-200km, 200-250km, 250-300km and 300-400km and above, with subsidies of 15,000 yuan, 24,000 yuan, 34,000 yuan and 45,000 yuan respectively. Plug-in hybrid passenger cars (including increase)

　　"Compared with the previous year, the subsidy for pure electric passenger cars has been reduced by nearly half." Cui Dongshu, Secretary-General of the National Passenger Car Association, said that unlike previous years, when the energy density threshold of the power battery system of new energy vehicles was greatly raised, this policy appropriately raised the threshold of technical indicators according to the principles of advanced technology, reliable quality and guaranteed safety, and kept the upper limit of technical indicators basically unchanged, focusing on supporting high-quality products with excellent energy consumption and high technical level, while encouraging enterprises to pay attention to safety and consistency.

　　Pre-allocation of subsidy funds in time

　　In view of the problem of untimely payment of subsidy funds, the New Deal proposes to improve the liquidation system and improve the efficiency of funds. It is required that from 2019, some funds will be pre-allocated after the vehicles with operating mileage requirements are sold and licensed. After meeting the mileage requirements, they can apply for liquidation according to procedures. After the release of the policy, vehicles with operating mileage requirements will not be subsidized if they run less than 20,000 kilometers within 2 years from the date of registration, and the pre-allocated funds will be deducted at the time of liquidation.

　　It is understood that subsidies for new energy vehicles are divided into central financial subsidies and local financial subsidies. After enterprises submit application documents and materials, the central financial subsidies need to be approved and tested by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Finance Committee, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance; Local financial subsidies involve many cities, and the declaration process is also different. Some enterprises report that compared with central financial subsidies, local financial subsidies have many application links and long processes, and the progress of distribution is more difficult to determine.

　　"If there is no cash flow and financing is difficult, it will affect the bank’s guarantee and mortgage. The superposition of layers will increase the investment cost of car companies and bring some pressure to the operation of upstream batteries and other enterprises." Cui Dongshu said that new energy vehicle enterprises themselves need cash flow, and this subsidy policy clarifies the rules for timely payment of subsidy funds, so that enterprises can research and develop and promote the market with peace of mind, thus achieving sustainable development.

　　Local financial withdrawal subsidy

　　The new policy also clearly states that local governments should improve their policies. After the transition period, they will no longer give purchase subsidies to new energy vehicles (except new energy buses and fuel cell vehicles), and instead use them to support the "short board" construction of charging (hydrogenation) infrastructure and supporting operational services. If the local government continues to grant purchase subsidies, the central government will deduct the relevant financial subsidies accordingly.

　　"This means that local finance will withdraw its subsidies to vehicle manufacturers, and the policy based on financial subsidies will shift more to the non-financial system, focusing on optimizing the development environment of new energy vehicles, including road rights, charging facilities, power battery recycling, commercial insurance, used cars and so on. At the same time, it also helps to reduce local protectionism. " Cui Dongshu said that China’s policy of encouraging the development of new energy vehicles is a systematic policy, aiming at realizing the joint support system of national and local new energy vehicle policies, ensuring that after the subsidy is completely withdrawn in 2021, new energy vehicle products still have certain advantages over the policy environment of traditional fuel vehicles, and promoting the establishment of a market-oriented independent new energy vehicle selection system.

　　In addition, the transitional policy also allows car companies to have a reasonable layout and time period for calibrating new products.

　　The influence of the New Deal has different reactions.

　　"The intensity of this slope retreat is expected, and the impact on enterprises is not too great." Zhao Changjiang, general manager of BYD Auto Sales Co., Ltd. said that only by accelerating innovation drive and enhancing product strength can enterprises better hedge the impact of subsidy retreat.

　　However, many people in the industry said that with the increase of subsidies, many uncertainties have been added to the original high-speed development of new energy vehicles. Chen Hong, chairman of SAIC, bluntly said that without subsidies, China’s new energy vehicle market would decline significantly.

　　"After the subsidy for new energy vehicles has declined, car companies can ‘ Complement ’ 。” Jia Xinguang, executive director of china automobile dealers association, pointed out that the power battery occupies a very important position in the manufacturing cost of new energy vehicles. If the battery cost can be reduced through technological innovation, the impact of subsidy retreat on the market will be weakened.

　　"It is not necessarily a good thing for a powerful enterprise. Subsidies should be seen dialectically." Gu Huinan, general manager of GAC New Energy, told reporters that with the gradual withdrawal of financial subsidies, the reshuffle of new energy vehicles is coming, and those low-end enterprises that rely on subsidies for survival are doomed to be eliminated. What can stand out must be the outstanding enterprises that actively face the market and can provide products with market competitiveness.

From January 1, 2018, these things related to your quality of life have new rules!

　　CCTV News:On January 1, 2018, a number of new laws and regulations will be officially implemented. Some of these new regulations may be closely related to your life. Come and see ↓ ↓

　　1, forced shopping will be revoked tour guide qualification certificate.

　　The Measures for the Administration of Tour Guides will be implemented on January 1, 2018. The measures stipulate that tour guides should carry electronic tour guide cards, wear tour guide identification, and open application software related to tour guide practice. Tourists have the right to ask tour guides to show their electronic tour guide cards and tour guide identification. The method is clear. During the tour guide’s practice,Eleven illegal acts such as changing the itinerary without authorization, deceiving or forcing consumption, and asking tourists for tips are not allowed.And in the penalty part of the measures, the corresponding legal responsibilities are clarified for acts that violate the regulations on the management of tour guide practice.

　　The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Safety of Online Catering Services promulgated by the State Food and Drug Administration shall come into force on January 1, 2018. Method requirementsOnline take-away catering service providers should have physical stores and food business licenses.. The method proposes that food delivery personnel should maintain personal hygiene and use safe and harmless delivery containers to ensure that food is not contaminated during the delivery process. Food delivery units should strengthen the training and management of food delivery personnel.

　　3. The business license can be revoked by "swiping a single letter"

　　The newly revised Anti-Unfair Competition Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) will be implemented on January 1, 2018. The new version of the law improves the provisions on false propaganda, distinguishes false and misleading commercial propaganda, and clearly stipulates that "operators shall not make false or misleading commercial propaganda on the performance, function, quality, sales status, user evaluation, and honors of their products, so as to deceive and mislead consumers".

　　The new anti-unfair competition law clearly stipulates that,"Sweeping a single letter" and helping to "swipe a single letter" will face a fine of more than 200,000 yuan but less than 1 million yuan.; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than one million yuan but not more than two million yuan shall be imposed.You can even revoke your business license..

　　The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Libraries will be officially implemented on January 1, 2018. The public library law has made specific provisions on the construction, operation, service, management and guarantee of public libraries, and mentioned four types of free services, namely:

　　Document information query and borrowing;

　　Public space facilities such as reading rooms and study rooms are open;

　　Public lectures, reading promotion, training and exhibitions;

　　Other free service items stipulated by the state.

　　5. Four Stricts to Ensure China’s Nuclear Safety

　　People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s Nuclear Safety Law came into effect on January 1, 2018. The Nuclear Safety Law consists of eight chapters and 94 articles, which are divided into general provisions, nuclear facility safety, nuclear material and radioactive waste safety, nuclear accident emergency, information disclosure and public participation, supervision and inspection, legal liability and supplementary provisions. According to the policy of ensuring safety, the nuclear safety law was established.Strict standards, strict system, strict supervision and severe punishment.. These four "strictness" have also become the biggest highlight of this law.

　　5. Environmental protection tax puts a "tight spell" on corporate sewage discharge.

　　The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Tax Law shall come into force on January 1, 2018.It is stipulated that environmental protection tax should be levied and no sewage charges should be levied.

　　The law clearly stipulates that enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators that directly discharge taxable pollutants into the environment are taxpayers of environmental protection tax and should pay environmental protection tax in accordance with regulations. The tax range of taxable air pollutants is 1.2 yuan per pollution equivalent — In 12 yuan, the tax rate of water pollutants is 1.4 yuan per pollution equivalent — In 14 yuan, the solid waste is 5 yuan per ton according to different types — 1000 yuan, industrial noise according to the number of decibels exceeding the standard, according to 350 yuan — 11,200 yuan to pay.

　　The newly revised People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law will come into force on January 1, 2018.

　　The new version of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law clarifies the responsibilities of governments at all levels for water environmental quality, increases the establishment of river length system in provinces, cities, counties and townships, and clarifies that "the state implements a total control system for the discharge of key water pollutants." "For areas that exceed the control targets of the total discharge of key water pollutants or fail to achieve the goal of improving the quality of water environment, the competent department of environmental protection of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall, jointly with relevant departments, interview the main person in charge of the local people’s government, and suspend the examination and approval of the environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects with new total discharge of key water pollutants. The interview should be made public. "

　　7、Part of the city’s driving test subject 2 increases parking and card collection.

　　There are online rumors that "from January 1, 2018, the driver’s license test subject 2 will increase the parking card collection project". In fact, thisIt is only implemented in some cities such as Zhejiang and Hangzhou.According to the definition of "Contents and Methods of Motor Vehicle Driver Test", the traffic management department of the provincial public security organ may increase the content of the test according to the actual situation.

　　The newly revised national standard "Technical Conditions for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety" (GB7258-2017) will be implemented on January 1, 2018. The new standard clarifies that "a car should be equipped with a reflective vest".The Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security denied the rumor that the previous statement that "if your car is not equipped with a reflective vest, it will not pass the annual inspection" is a misunderstanding.This regulation only applies to cars newly manufactured from January 1, 2018.Automobile manufacturers are required to equip new cars with reflective vests when they leave the factory, and the owners or drivers do not need to buy them themselves. Its purpose is to ensure the visibility of the driver when the car breaks down at night.

　　9. New energy vehicles will be exempted from vehicle purchase tax.

　　The Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued an announcement on the exemption of vehicle purchase tax for new energy vehicles. From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, the purchased new energy vehicles will be exempted from vehicle purchase tax.

　　Since January 1, 2018, according to the Provisional Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Vehicle Purchase Tax, the vehicle purchase tax will be levied at the statutory rate of 10% for vehicles with a displacement of 1.6L or less. Previously, out of support for the development of small-displacement vehicles, the state issued a policy to give preferential treatment to the purchase tax of small-displacement vehicles.

　　11. Loan to buy a new energy vehicle for personal use, and the down payment is only 15%.

　　The Notice on Adjusting the Policies Concerning Auto Loans jointly issued by the People’s Bank of China and the Banking Regulatory Commission of China has been implemented since January 1, 2018. Among them, the maximum proportion of traditional power car loans remains unchanged, and the amount of self-use car loans shall not exceed 80% of the price of the car purchased by the borrower. The maximum proportion of used car loans was adjusted from 50% to 70%. The newly added new energy vehicle loan regulations are clear.The highest proportion of loans for self-use new energy vehicles is 85%, and the highest proportion of loans for commercial new energy vehicles is 75%.

　　The revised SME Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) will be officially implemented on January 1, 2018. The new law promotes the effective policies in recent years into laws, standardizes the policies related to fiscal and taxation support, and improves the measures related to financing promotion, especially standardizing administrative licensing matters, reducing the burden on enterprises, simplifying tax collection and cancellation registration procedures for small and micro enterprises, and creating a good environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　12. Some small and micro enterprises will continue to be exempted from VAT.

　　The Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Continuing the VAT Policy for Small and Micro Enterprises (Cai Shui [2017] No.76) stipulates that in order to support the development of small and micro enterprises, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, small-scale taxpayers with monthly sales of 20,000 yuan (inclusive) to 30,000 yuan will be exempted from VAT.

　　In recent years, the types and usage of ordinary VAT invoices have increased, and the 10-digit invoice code is difficult to meet the needs of taxpayers. Starting from January 1, 2018, China will adjust the general VAT invoice.The invoice code of the new VAT ordinary invoice (folding ticket) is adjusted from the current 10 digits to 12 digits.

　　14. Eight laws, including the Judges Law and the Civil Service Law, will be amended.

　　The 29th meeting of the 12th the NPC Standing Committee decided to amend the Judges Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Procurator Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Civil Service Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Lawyer Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Notary Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Arbitration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Administrative Reconsideration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, which will come into force on January 1, 2018.

　　The newly revised Standardization Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) will be implemented on January 1, 2018. The objectives of the new law are clearer and the requirements for quality and safety are highlighted. It is clear that the purpose of making laws and regulations is to protect personal health and life and property safety, and to safeguard national security and ecological environment safety.

　　16, the implementation of map audit system to put an end to false information.

　　The newly revised "Regulations on the Management of Map Auditing" will be officially implemented on January 1, 2018. It is clear that "the state implements a map review system.Maps that are open to the public shall be submitted to the competent department of surveying and mapping geographic information with the right to audit. "

　　17. Cancel export tariffs on products such as steel and chlorite.

　　According to the tariff adjustment plan for 2018 issued by the State Council Customs Tariff Commission, since January 1, 2018, China will cancel the export tariffs on products such as steel and chlorite, and appropriately reduce the export tariffs on products such as ternary compound fertilizer, apatite, coal tar, wood chips, ferrosilicon and billet.

　　The first detailed national standard in the field of building information model (BIM), Construction Application Standard of Building Information Model, will be implemented on January 1, 2018. This Standard is the first BIM application standard in the field of building engineering construction in China, which fills the blank of BIM technology application standard in China.

　　BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a method to design, construct and manage construction projects by using information technology and digital models. BIM technology is regarded as the second revolution in the construction industry after CAD. As big as skyscrapers and as small as screws, they can be virtually presented through BIM technology.

Express： Everyone here may be short of folic acid.

Original DY MedSci Metz

Lead: spoiler of folic acid new consensus.

Medical news today

On September 5th, the conference of "Consensus of Multidisciplinary Experts on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement in China" was successfully held in Beijing. After being checked by authoritative experts, the consensus gives personalized and detailed folic acid supplementation suggestions to the general population and the special population according to different physiological stages.

Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin, which naturally exists in some foods, can also be added to other foods, and can be used as a dietary supplement. "Folic acid" used to be called "folic acid protein", sometimes also called "vitamin B9", which is a general term for naturally occurring food folic acid and folic acid in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Food folic acid is in the form of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), which usually has other glutamic acid residues, making it a polyglutamate. Some dietary supplements also contain 5-methyl -THF (also known as L-5-MTHF, 5-MTHF, L- methyl folic acid or methyl folic acid) in the form of monosodium glutamate.

Folate, wiki

Folic acid helps to form DNA and RNA, and participates in protein metabolism. It plays a key role in the decomposition of homocysteine, which is an amino acid. If the content is too high, it will have harmful effects on human body. Folic acid is also needed to produce healthy red blood cells. Folic acid is very important in the period of rapid human growth, such as pregnancy and fetal development. Therefore, folic acid deficiency is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as neonatal neural tube defects (NTDs), various pregnancy damages (abortion, premature delivery, etc.), hypertension, stroke, abnormal mental behavior and other cognitive disorders.

Who is short of folic acid?

The following situations may increase people’s risk of folic acid deficiency:

1. drinking too much. Alcohol will interfere with the absorption of folic acid and accelerate the decomposition of folic acid. In addition, alcoholics tend to eat inferior diets with low folic acid content, which increases the risk of folic acid deficiency in this group of people.

2. Pregnancy. Because folic acid plays an important role in fetal cell development, the demand for folic acid will increase during pregnancy.

3. Intestinal surgery or digestive system diseases. Surgery involving digestive organs or lowering normal gastric acid levels may affect folic acid absorption. Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease can also reduce the absorption of folic acid. Studies show that about 20%-60% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease suffer from folic acid deficiency.

4. Genetic variation. People with MTHFR gene mutation can not convert folic acid into its active form, which accounts for about 29% of Hispanic population, 10% of Caucasians and Asians, and 1% of African-Americans.

Lack of folic acid may lead to anemia, weakness and fatigue; Irregular heartbeat; Shortness of breath; It is difficult to concentrate; Hair loss; Pale skin; Symptoms such as aphtha.

How do the general population supplement folic acid?

In fact, folic acid deficiency is rare, but some people may be in marginal folic acid state. Folic acid can’t be synthesized in the human body and can only be taken from food. For individuals with folic acid deficiency or deficiency, it is first recommended to supplement folic acid with "food therapy" by improving diet structure. The consensus points out that green leafy vegetables, bean products, animal livers, lean meat and egg yolks are good food sources of folic acid, and chicken livers (1172.2μgDFE/100g), amaranth (419.8μgDFE/100g), pig livers, sheep livers and soybeans are rich in folic acid. Foods with folic acid content ≥ 120 gdfe/100g (solid) or 60μgDFE/100g (liquid) are "high or rich in folic acid", and foods with folic acid content or folic acid source are half. However, if the absorption and utilization rate of natural food is low, the general population should also take measures such as folic acid supplement or fortified food, and the effective and safe dose is 0.4-1mg per day.

Photographing network

However, it should be noted that long-term large-dose (> 1 mg) folic acid supplementation may cause health risks. Studies have shown that taking more folic acid can mask vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency most often occurs in the elderly or people who eat vegetarian food, among which B12 deficiency is more common. Folic acid and B12 are both involved in the production of red blood cells, and the shortage of either will lead to anemia. People who take high-dose folic acid supplements may correct anemia and feel better, but B12 deficiency still exists. In this case, if high folic acid intake continues to "mask" the symptoms of B12 deficiency for a long time, it may cause slow but irreversible damage to the brain and nervous system. In addition, long-term folic acid overdose also has the effects of increasing cancer risk, aggravating neurodegenerative diseases, affecting zinc absorption and reducing immunity. Therefore, it is suggested that if natural folic acid is still available every day, folic acid supplements should not be used more than 400μg per day.

How do special people supplement folic acid?

Pregnant women (including pregnant women)

During pregnancy, folic acid demand will increase due to nucleic acid synthesis. Folic acid deficiency during perinatal period will increase the risk of NTDs, leading to birth defects of fetal spine (spina bifida) and brain (anencephaly). Fifty years ago, no one knew what caused these birth defects. Later, two large trials randomly assigned women to take folic acid or placebo, showing that too little folic acid would increase the birth probability of deformed babies, and getting enough folic acid could greatly reduce this incidence.

In addition, folic acid deficiency during pregnancy may also increase the risk of abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth, megaloblastic anemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, autism spectrum disorder’s offspring and other diseases.

At present, folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age is a basic policy in China. The incidence of NTDs in China decreased from 27.4/ 10,000 in 1987 to 1.5/ 10,000 in 2017, a decrease of 94.5%.

The blood folic acid level of rural women in northern China is low. The research results show that this group of people can reach the level of preventing NTDs by taking folic acid 0.4mg/d for at least three months. In addition, many studies suggest that increasing dietary folic acid intake can also reduce the risk of NTDs by about 30%-60%.

Therefore, it is suggested by consensus that women should try their best to take food supplements during pregnancy preparation and early pregnancy, and women in the middle and late pregnancy and lactation can take food supplements and folic acid supplements. It is suggested to supplement folic acid 0.4mg/d or 0.8mg/d from the possible pregnancy or at least 3 months before pregnancy until the third month of pregnancy. The intake of folic acid in the second and third trimester of pregnancy should reach 600 gdfe/d, and it is suggested to supplement folic acid with 400 gdfe/d in addition to food supplement. It is recommended to take 550 gdfe/d folic acid during lactation, and it is recommended to supplement 350 gdfe/d folic acid in addition to food supplement. Personalized supplements are needed for people who live in the north, eat less vegetables and fruits, and have low blood folic acid levels. For women with NTDs reproductive history, diseases such as diabetes, and TT genotype at MTHFR677 locus, the consensus also made tailor-made suggestions.

Cardiovascular disease

The increase of Hcy level caused by folic acid deficiency is considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Folic acid deficiency Several large-scale randomized trials of B vitamin supplements to reduce homocysteine levels and prevent heart disease and stroke have not found the benefits of folic acid supplementation. These trials have a similar design: adults with a history of heart disease or stroke or at high risk of heart disease are given pills or placebos containing high doses of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid. Studies have found that taking high doses of three B vitamins can reduce the level of homocysteine, but it does not lead to a decrease in coronary heart disease events.

However, looking at cardiovascular diseases as a whole may mask the potential benefits of at least one B vitamin, and it may be too late to study people with advanced vascular diseases. An analysis of several studies shows that folic acid supplements can reduce the risk of stroke in people who have not yet had a stroke, but they cannot reduce the risk of a second stroke in people who have already had a stroke.

Effect of folic acid supplementation on stroke risk in preset subgroups

Therefore, it is not recommended to use folic acid to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but folic acid supplementation is recommended for cardiovascular high-risk groups and hypertensive patients with HHcy to reduce Hcy levels. In order to reduce the risk of the first stroke, folic acid monotherapy or fixed compound preparation containing folic acid can be used for patients with HHcy with hypertension. Taking 0.8mg folic acid combined with vitamin B12 daily can achieve the best effect of reducing Hcy.

Neurobehavioral disorders

1. autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by difficulties in communication and interaction with others, limited interests and repetitive behaviors. More and more evidence shows that folic acid supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of ASD or reduce the increase of ASD risk caused by prenatal exposure to certain drugs and toxic chemicals. The mechanism of these potential benefits is not clear, but it may be related to the role of folic acid in DNA methylation, which in turn will affect neural development.

Some (but not all) observational studies show that there is a correlation between the use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements by pregnant women before and/or during pregnancy and the lower risk of ASD in female offspring. A case-control cohort study of 45,300 Israeli children in 2018 showed that the risk of ASD in children was significantly reduced when mothers took folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements before and/or during pregnancy.

Up to now, the evidence shows that there may be a negative correlation between folic acid intake of mothers during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in their offspring, but there is no evidence to support it in large-scale clinical studies. In addition, some studies believe that children with ASD also have different degrees of abnormal folic acid metabolism due to bad eating behavior, so not exceeding folic acid in these children may be beneficial to the treatment of ASD, but there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, it is recommended that women of childbearing age should be supplemented with 0.8mg/d regularly to reduce the risk of ASD in their offspring.

2. Depression

Nowadays, depressive disorder has become the second disease in China, with a prevalence rate of 3.02%, ranking first in the total burden of various mental diseases. Some studies have shown that folic acid deficiency is related to depression and low response to antidepressants. The mechanism may be related to the involvement of folic acid in the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain. In addition, HHcy is related to depression, and folic acid can degrade Hcy.

In a racial diversity study of 2948 Americans aged 15-39, the concentration of folic acid in serum and red blood cells of patients with severe depression was significantly lower than that of patients who had never suffered from depression. Some clinical studies have shown positive results about whether folic acid supplementation may help depression when used with traditional antidepressants. In addition, the guidelines for the treatment of depression revised by the British Psychopharmacology Association in 2015 and the Canadian network for the treatment of depression and anxiety both recommended folic acid as a supplement to the treatment of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression. Therefore, the consensus is that folic acid deficiency is related to depression, and low folic acid level is related to low response of antidepressants. It is recommended that patients with depression should be supplemented with folic acid reasonably on the basis of antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the recommended dose is 0.5-2.5 mg/d.

Cognitive dysfunction

Statistics show that there are 178 million elderly people over 60 years old in China, accounting for about 13% of the total population. There are about 50 million people with dementia and cognitive impairment, and the social burden is huge. Most observational studies conducted so far show that there is a positive correlation between HHcy and the incidence of dementia. Scientists hypothesize that the increase of homocysteine level may have negative effects on the brain through various mechanisms, including the death of neurons caused by cerebrovascular ischemia, abnormal deposition of tau kinase activation and inhibition of methylation reaction.

A Dutch study involving 818 subjects aged 50-70 years showed that folic acid supplementation could reduce Hcy concentration by 26%. Although the cognitive function of subjects declined with age, the folic acid group was superior to the placebo group in memory, information processing speed and sensory motor speed.

Although folic acid supplementation can effectively reduce the level of Hcy, and hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for dementia, based on the current evidence-based medical evidence, it cannot be considered that folic acid supplementation can significantly improve cognitive function. Therefore, the consensus points out that people with cognitive impairment should not advocate long-term use of folic acid without evidence of folic acid deficiency. For those with folic acid deficiency, folic acid 0.8 mg/d can be supplemented (grade C evidence).

kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to Hcy excretion disorder, and dietary restriction in such patients can also increase the risk of folic acid deficiency. Can folic acid supplementation delay the progress of CKD? China’s CSPPT study pointed out that compared with simple antihypertensive therapy, folic acid supplementation of 0.8mg/d can reduce the progress of CKD. But foreign studies show negative results. It is speculated that the difference of research conclusions may be related to the different baseline folic acid levels, that is to say, fortified foods have not been used to supplement folic acid in China, so folic acid supplementation may be beneficial to delay the progression of nephropathy for people with low baseline folic acid levels.

The consensus suggests that folic acid should not be routinely used to delay the progress of CKD, but folic acid supplementation (0.8mg/d) should be considered for patients with folic acid deficiency.

In addition, in the field of cancer, some epidemiological studies show that folic acid intake (or status) is inversely related to colorectal cancer and lung cancer. The exact nature of folic acid on carcinogenesis has not been established, but scientists speculate that folic acid may affect cancer development through its role in carbon metabolism, DNA replication and cell division. Evidence also shows that folic acid may play a dual role in the occurrence and development of cancer. That is to say, folic acid may inhibit some types of cancer in the early stage of development, and taking large doses of folic acid after the establishment of precancerous lesions may promote the development and progress of cancer. We need more research to fully understand how folic acid in diet and folic acid supplementation affect cancer risk, and whether their effects vary with exposure time.

In a word, folic acid is firmly listed in the World Health Organization standard list of essential drugs, and it is one of the most effective and safe drugs needed in the basic public health system. The application of folic acid has achieved great success in improving neonatal malformation, and its application prospect in other fields and disciplines is also very promising. With the deepening of future research, scientists will also find and solve more problems and set more precise guidance for personalized folic acid use.

Note: The content of this article is only for promoting consensus and popular science, and it is not intended to provide personal medical advice.

references

1.Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation.DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199212243272602.

2.Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90133-A.

3.Effects of Homocysteine-Lowering With Folic Acid Plus Vitamin B12 vs Placebo on Mortality and Major Morbidity in Myocardial Infarction Survivors.doi:10.1001/jama.2010.840.

4.B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70187-3.

5.Efficacy of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid in Stroke Prevention.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573410.

6.Association of Maternal Use of Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplements in the Periods Before and During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring.JAMA Psychiatry. 2018; 75(2):176-184. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4050.

7.Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60109-3.

8. Information on the conference of China Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Reasonable Clinical Folic Acid Supplement.

Source: Metz Medical Comprehensive Report

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