Flowing China, Heading for the Spring of Hope —— Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024.

Spring Festival travel rush is a major event that concerns people’s vital interests, economic development and social stability.

At the press conference on the situation and work arrangement of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 held by the State Council Information Office on January 16th, Li Yang, deputy head of the Spring Festival travel rush Work Class of Comprehensive Transportation and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that Spring Festival travel rush is related to our families and our beautiful life. The Spring Festival is a holiday for everyone and a "big test" for people in our industry. We are confident to meet this "big exam" so that ordinary people can really travel safely, go home for the New Year and have a happy, peaceful and beautiful holiday.

The 40-day Spring Festival travel rush ended on March 5th. According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to exceed 8.4 billion person-times. Among them, the railway passenger traffic is expected to complete 480 million passengers; The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, of which 6.72 billion person-times (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) are expected to be completed by non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways, and 1.11 billion person-times are expected to be completed by commercial passenger traffic on highways; The waterway passenger traffic is expected to be 29 million passengers; The passenger volume of civil aviation is expected to reach 83 million passengers.

Through the data, we see a flowing China.

Road self-driving "takes the main force"　??

New changes have taken place in the structure of Spring Festival travel rush.

The turnover of highway personnel is estimated to be 7.83 billion person-times, including 6.72 billion person-times of non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways (accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional turnover of the whole society) and 1.11 billion person-times of commercial passenger traffic on highways. It can be said that most people choose to travel by car this Spring Festival. During my stay in Spring Festival travel rush, various topics about "self-driving home strategy" and "self-driving home sharing" also appeared on social media platforms, which triggered extensive discussions.

With the deepening of the construction of a powerful transportation country, the highway infrastructure is improving. The total mileage of China’s comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, with highways accounting for 5.441 million kilometers, of which expressways account for 184,000 kilometers. In 2023, 7000 kilometers of expressways will be built, rebuilt and expanded. The powerful road network makes it possible for hundreds of millions of people to drive home in Spring Festival travel rush.

This year, Colin (pseudonym) who drove home alone returned to Hunan from Guangdong. She shared the high-speed anti-sleepy coup on her social account and won the praise of nearly 4,000 people. When someone asked her why she had to drive home alone, she said, "I thought it would be more convenient to have a car back to my hometown, and I wanted to take my grandparents out to play during the Spring Festival."

At present, all qualified towns and villages in China have access to hardened roads. By the end of 2023, the total mileage of rural roads in China has reached 4.6 million kilometers. The 10-year development of "Four Good Rural Roads" has achieved remarkable results, making it more convenient for migrant workers to go home for the New Year.

In order to improve the self-driving travel experience, on the eve of the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Public Security put forward "eight measures" to ensure road travel during major holidays, and at the same time launched the "e-road unblocked" WeChat applet to facilitate passengers traveling in new energy vehicles to inquire about the location, real-time status, charging mode and other information of national highway charging facilities. If they encounter related problems, they can also click "Sunshine Rescue". In addition, the inspection and maintenance of toll station facilities and equipment have been strengthened, the rapid handling of minor traffic accidents has been carried out, and parking guidance and charging facilities and equipment supply in service areas have been strengthened.

The theme of Spring Festival travel rush this year is "Safe Spring Festival travel rush, Convenient Spring Festival travel rush, Warm Spring Festival travel rush". When the cold wave struck, many places carried out the work of ensuring traffic and smoothness. They tried their best to eliminate road obstacles and ensure the smooth road to their hometown. Residents in the vicinity of the expressway take the initiative to send free food to the returning travelers on the congested road. The beautiful vision of "people enjoy their actions and things flow smoothly" will eventually come true, and we are all on the road.

Railway civil aviation "innovation"

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush railway passenger traffic is expected to reach 480 million passengers, reaching the highest level in the same period in history.

This year marks the 70th anniversary of Spring Festival travel rush Railway. After 70 years of development, China Railway strives for the upper reaches and makes every effort to serve Spring Festival travel rush. For Spring Festival travel rush, 12306APP has launched a variety of new functions, which are convenient for different groups to purchase tickets and guarantee personalized service.

Multi-branch offices focus on "warm cards". The passenger stations of Beijing Bureau actively connect with local education departments and universities, do a good job of statistical analysis, and optimize the passenger transport organization plan; Add a student ticket window, strengthen the organization of student passengers boarding and disembarking, and prepare multi-color ribbons to distinguish suitcases with similar colors and shapes. Lanzhou Bureau builds a "sunshine channel" to serve student travelers. Nanning bureau flexibly adjusts the operation plan, and makes a good analysis and prediction of transportation capacity in view of the transportation differentiation of college students. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Fuxing ushered in the first Spring Festival travel rush, and the "Tianlu Gesanghua" literary team entered the carriage to carry out literary and art gala activities to celebrate the Spring Festival in Spring Festival travel rush.

In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush’s civil aviation passenger traffic is expected to reach 83 million passengers, reaching the highest level in history.

Many airlines said that they were welcoming the "hottest Spring Festival Golden Week". In order to do a good job in ensuring Spring Festival travel rush’s security this year, CAAC has actively guided airlines to arrange flight plans scientifically and reasonably on the premise of building a safe bottom line, so as to ensure that the transportation capacity is fully prepared and the resources are in place. It is worth mentioning that the C919 domestic large aircraft also successfully made its debut in Spring Festival travel rush. ?　?

In order to cope with freezing weather, the Civil Aviation Administration emphasized the strengthening of coordinated decision-making, the strengthening of winter operation support capacity, and the improvement of the normal flight level during Spring Festival travel rush. It is understood that in order to meet the demand for transportation capacity during Spring Festival travel rush, the Civil Aviation Administration recently implemented the optimization and adjustment of air routes in the mid-season of winter and spring in 2023/24, and approved a total of 3,198 flights per week on domestic routes, and added more than 2,500 international scheduled flights and overtime charter flights.

Extreme weather "keeps smooth"

During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, freezing rain and snow occurred in many parts of the country, especially in the central and eastern regions, which seriously affected the smooth progress of Spring Festival travel rush.

In the past 40 days, China has generally experienced two bad weather processes. Once, from February 1 to 9, a large-scale continuous rain, snow and freezing weather occurred in the central and eastern regions of China. This freezing weather has a wide impact, a large amount of snowfall, a long duration and a large area of freezing rain. The first time was from February 17 to 26, and there was also severe cooling and large-scale rain and snow weather in the central and eastern regions.

On February 1st, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, presided over a special meeting and video dispatching meeting, stressing the need to thoroughly implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on disaster prevention, mitigation and relief and the prevention and response to low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters, and resolutely implement the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Response to Low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters before and after the Spring Festival issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council. Fully understand the great impact of the recent nationwide freezing rain, snow and ice weather on Spring Festival travel rush’s work, attach great importance to it, be highly alert and highly responsible, do all the work to prevent and deal with it, and strive to minimize the impact of bad weather on Spring Festival travel rush, fully guarantee the people’s safe, convenient and warm travel, and ensure the smooth and efficient operation of transportation and logistics. ??

—— On the highway side, many places have adopted various operation modes such as "people take a break without stopping", "removing snow immediately after landing" and "joint snow removal", and they have interacted with each other from top to bottom to remove snow and ice.

Henan started the "hard core" snow removal mode, that is, the next step is clear, the snow stops, and "Henan efficiency" continues to dominate the screen;

Hunan Xiangxi Expressway started the intelligent ice melting system for the first time in Phoenix Hub of G56 Hangrui Expressway, a key section, to realize accurate early warning of road surface temperature and road surface icing.

In Anhui, materials and equipment for snow removal and ice melting are preset in the sections prone to snow and ice and frequent accidents, and measures such as speed reduction, time-sharing and step-by-step traffic are taken to ensure smooth traffic to the maximum extent …

When a large range of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather meets Spring Festival travel rush, all localities immediately start emergency plans, promptly guide all localities to carry out snow removal and deicing operations, and go all out to ensure smooth traffic.

"Free hot water instant noodles" appeared on blocked highways all over the country, and warm-hearted actions were frequently staged.

-on the railway side, railway workers in many places cleaned up the ice and snow overnight.

Wuhan Bureau organized more than 2,000 workers to sweep snow and remove ice from overhead contact lines, lines, turnouts and other equipment for 24 hours.

Jinan Bureau organized a large ice truck to de-ice several contact lines such as Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and Jizheng high-speed railway.

Zhengzhou Bureau set up several joint operation teams to dynamically observe the operation status of outlets by using infrared thermometers and telescopes to ensure the safety of equipment operation. ?　?

Xi’ an Bureau started the emergency plan for snow sweeping and deicing, and arranged special personnel to protect the turnout sections and driving equipment after snow removal;

Guangzhou Bureau stepped up inspection and overhaul, comprehensively inspected key places such as key lines, bridges and tunnels, and ensured that railway equipment and facilities were in good condition.

At the press conference held by the State Council Press Office on February 28th, Li Xiaopeng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Transport, said that with the joint efforts of all parties, so far, the overall response of Spring Festival travel rush this year has been orderly and effective, and the overall operation has been stable, which has withstood the severe test of complex and bad weather.

Perseverance and undefeated in winter; We bloomed in the cold wind and met in spring.

Every year in Spring Festival travel rush, the years are warm. In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully. People experienced the busyness and joy in the journey and felt the vitality of China’s vigorous traffic development. Everyone who sets foot on a trip to Spring Festival travel rush is an envoy to hope; Everyone who has contributed to Spring Festival travel rush is infiltrating the future of a powerful transportation country with sweat.

The year 2024 is the 75th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a crucial year to realize the objectives and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and also the fifth anniversary of the publication of the Outline of Building a Powerful Transportation Country. In the past five years, the mileage of the national comprehensive transportation network has exceeded 6 million kilometers, and China’s transportation has taken a big step from "big" to "strong" and from "good". Through Spring Festival travel rush, we can further see the "eye-catching" report card of China’s construction as a transportation power.

Spring and Jingming, everything is blooming. Spring Festival travel rush ended successfully in 2024, and a beautiful spring is slowly coming!

Let’s go, to the bright spring in the Year of the Loong. 　??

During the Spring Festival holiday, Beijing Railway Police cracked 69 public security cases.

　　According to the statistics of Beijing Railway Public Security Bureau, the police handled 69 public security cases during the Spring Festival holiday, during which 7,459 prohibited items were seized at major railway stations in Beijing, including 1,673 firecrackers. It is understood that the police also actively organized convenience services during the Spring Festival holiday, and recovered 380 lost properties for passengers, worth more than 1.081 million yuan.

　　It is reported that at present, it is at the peak of return passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush. In view of the large return passenger flow after the Spring Festival holiday, the Beijing Railway Police has deployed additional police forces at the exit and platform of the Seventh Astrotrain in Beijing to divert passengers from leaving the station, so as to prevent overcrowding. In view of the characteristics of concentrated arrival of passenger trains and concentrated exit of passengers in some key periods, Beijing Railway Police also organized police officers from seven major railway stations to take up their duties in key areas such as exits and platforms, effectively guiding passengers to leave the station in an orderly manner. At the same time, in the station square, the entrance and other areas, police forces are also deployed to strengthen patrol prevention and control.

　　In view of the fact that most passengers who arrive in Beijing choose to leave the station by taxi and subway, the Beijing Railway Police also deployed police forces to strengthen guidance and order maintenance near the Tiekou and taxi waiting areas in the mainland, so as to improve the rate of seeing the police and handling affairs. At the same time, additional plainclothes police forces were deployed to patrol and control around the station square to clean up illegal personnel and vehicles in time.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday, the Beijing Railway Police also actively organized members of the party member police to provide convenience services to solve problems for the passengers. At 9 o’clock on the morning of January 27th, Fan Peng, a policeman from Beijing Railway Station, received an alarm from Ms. Yang, a passenger, claiming that she accidentally lost a mobile phone worth 10,000 yuan when she went to the bathroom near the parking lot on the west side of Beijing Railway Station. While comforting Ms. Yang not to worry, Fan Peng asked through the radio whether there were any mobile phones lost by passengers. Soon, Ma Xiaocen, a policeman at the ticket office, heard good news. A passenger found a mobile phone and gave it to her. She was waiting for the victim near the original place, and asked Ms. Yang to come and claim it. After identification, the mobile phone is Ms. Yang’s.

　　The Beijing Railway Police reminded that it is the peak of return passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, so passengers should carefully check their luggage and articles, and do not carry inflammable, explosive and dangerous articles. In addition, passengers carrying black backpacks and silver suitcases can hang their favorite ornaments on their luggage to prevent them from getting it wrong when entering the station for security check or getting off the bus. (Correspondent Wang Haijiao)

Comment on the shareholder system of one-person limited liability company in China

　　One-person limited liability company has both the characteristics of traditional companies and its own advantages, which can stimulate investors’ enthusiasm and enthusiasm for investment, encourage investment and promote the development and prosperity of the whole social economy. The appearance of one-person limited liability company has greatly inspired the investment enthusiasm of investors, and it has greatly facilitated investors in setting the threshold and the internal structure of the company. Because one-person limited liability company has only one shareholder, the shareholder becomes the absolute controller of one-person limited liability company. The uniqueness of shareholders in a one-person limited liability company determines the particularity of its authority. The Company Law clearly stipulates that a one-person limited liability company does not have a shareholders’ meeting, which excludes its application of the relevant provisions on the convening procedures of shareholders’ meetings and the voting procedures of shareholders. One-person shareholders should make corresponding decisions in writing when exercising their functions and powers at the shareholders’ meeting, which is an essential obligation set by the Company Law to prevent one-person shareholders from acting arbitrarily and abusing their corporate personality. Although one-person limited liability company’s system has played a great role in economic construction, its institutional setup and system also have great disadvantages. The author focuses on analyzing the improvement direction of one-person limited liability company shareholder system from the perspective of one-person limited liability company shareholder system, and puts forward more measures and legal perfection that are beneficial to the development of one-person limited liability company.

　　First, the understanding of one-person limited liability company

　　As an effective mode of enterprise development, one-person limited liability company has been recognized by many countries in the world. To explore the shareholder system in one-person limited liability company, we must first understand the relevant characteristics of China’s one-person limited liability company from the following aspects:

　　(1) Shareholders and corporate structure of a one-person limited liability company

　　1. One-person limited liability company has only one shareholder, which is the most remarkable feature of one-person limited liability company. According to the traditional company theory, a company is a corporate legal person, which consists of two or more shareholders, while a one-person limited liability company has a single shareholder, and this shareholder holds all the capital contribution of the company, which is different from the corporate nature of traditional companies.

　　2. A one-person limited liability company has a simple organization. In view of the fact that a one-person limited liability company has only one shareholder, it is not necessary and possible to set up a shareholders’ meeting. Moreover, most of the one-person limited liability companies wholly owned by natural persons do not set up a board of directors, but only set up the post of executive director, and the shareholders themselves concurrently hold the post of executive director. In addition, except for a few companies whose general managers are held by people other than shareholders, most shareholders hold the positions of executive director and general manager of the company at the same time, which makes the company in a state where all shareholders, executive director and general manager belong to the same person. The organization of a one-person limited liability company is relatively simple.

　　3. Independence of personality of one-person limited liability company. One-person limited liability company, as an independent enterprise legal person, has an independent legal personality, and independently undertakes external obligations and responsibilities. Compared with sole proprietorship enterprises, sole proprietorship enterprises belong to unincorporated organizations and do not have legal personality.

　　4. one-person limited liability company’s liability and shareholders’ liability. One-person limited liability company, as a type of company, also has the basic characteristics of ordinary companies, that is, it bears limited liability to the outside world. A one-person limited liability company shall bear civil liability only to the extent of its company property. Shareholders are only liable to the outside world to the extent of their contribution to a one-person limited liability company. Unlike a sole proprietorship. Article 31 of the sole proprietorship enterprise law clearly stipulates: "If the property of a sole proprietorship enterprise is insufficient to pay off the debts, the investor shall pay off the debts with his other personal property." Moreover, Article 18 of the Law on Sole Proprietary Enterprises stipulates: "If an investor of a sole proprietorship enterprise clearly uses his family’s common property as his personal contribution when applying for the registration of enterprise establishment, he shall bear unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise with his family’s common property according to law." This is also the biggest difference between a one-person limited liability company and a sole proprietorship enterprise.

　　Two, the characteristics of China’s one-person limited liability company shareholder legal system

　　Considering that one-person limited liability company is prone to abuse of legal person status by shareholders and damage to creditors’ interests by shareholders’ limited liability, China’s company law clearly affirms the legal status of one-person limited liability company, and at the same time, it provides a set of particularly applicable and strict legal rules, which have the following characteristics:

　　(1) Minimum capital and capital contribution rules. Article 59 of China’s Company Law stipulates that the minimum registered capital is RMB 100,000. The capital contribution stipulated in the Articles of Association shall be paid in full at one time. It stipulates a higher minimum capital standard and stricter capital contribution requirements than ordinary companies.

　　(2) The number of establishments and the regulation of subjects. Article 59 of China’s Company Law stipulates that a natural person can only set up a one-person limited liability company, and the one-person limited liability company cannot invest to set up a new one-person limited liability company. In this provision, the restrictions on the establishment of one-person limited liability companies in China are clearly defined, so as to prevent natural persons from using one-person limited liability company to evade debts and other legal responsibilities. A natural person can only set up a one-person limited liability company, and the one-person limited liability company can’t set up a one-person limited liability company again, which not only prevents natural persons from using the limited liability of the company to transfer and evade their responsibilities, but also protects the rights of creditors of the one-person limited liability company.

　　(3) Rules for company registration and publicity. Article 60 of China’s Company Law stipulates that the sole proprietorship of a natural person or a legal person shall be indicated in the company registration and stated in the company business license. The purpose is to make the third party have a clear understanding of the nature of one-person limited liability company, and to remind the third party of the credit of one-person limited liability company and the potential risks of trading with it.

　　(4) Special accounting and auditing rules. Article 63 of China’s Company Law stipulates: "A one-person limited liability company shall prepare financial and accounting reports at the end of each fiscal year and be audited by an accounting firm." Compared with the non-one-person limited liability company, the requirement that financial and accounting reports need to be audited by accounting firms is added, and the accounting audit requirements for one-person limited liability companies are further emphasized.

　　(5) Rules for the inversion of independent burden of proof of property. In view of the fact that a one-person limited liability company is completely controlled by one shareholder, it is prone to improper possession and domination of the company’s property, shareholder hotchpot and the company’s property by shareholders. Article 64 of China’s Company Law stipulates a special rule, that is, "if the shareholders of a one-person limited liability company cannot prove that the company’s property is independent of their own property, they shall be jointly and severally liable for the company’s debts". This paragraph is a typical inversion of the burden of proof, that is, someone else should be responsible for proving that the company’s property is not independent, but here the burden of proof is transferred to shareholders, who are required to prove that the company’s property is independent, otherwise the law will presume that the company’s property is not independent and severely criticize shareholders for taking joint liability for the company’s debts.

　　Third, the author thinks that the main problems in the shareholder system of one-person limited liability company in China.

　　(1) Shareholder setting

　　1. The new "Company Law" does not specify the governance structure of a one-person limited liability company in detail, except that it is stipulated in Article 62: "A one-person limited liability company does not have a shareholders’ meeting. When a shareholder makes a decision listed in the first paragraph of Article 38 of this Law, it shall be made in writing, signed by the shareholder and placed in the company. " Because one-person limited liability company is different from the traditional limited liability company, the traditional corporate governance mechanism should be revised through the legislative design of the governance structure of one-person limited liability company. However, in the new Company Law, this important issue has not been given due attention. Major European countries regulate the business executors, accounting supervisors, the convening procedures of shareholders’ general meetings, the exercise of the authority of the general meetings by individual shareholders, the effectiveness of resolutions made by individual shareholders, and self-dealing through legislation, so as to better safeguard the transaction security. Compared with this, the governance structure of one-person limited liability company in China is too simple, which is not conducive to the operation of the company, the protection of creditors’ interests and the maintenance of transaction security.

　　2. The new "Company Law" only stipulates that when shareholders make the decisions listed in the first paragraph of Article 38 of this Law, they shall be in written form, signed by shareholders and kept in the company. At the same time, there is no special provision for the board of directors and the board of supervisors of a one-person limited liability company, but according to the general provisions of a limited liability company, the board of directors and the board of supervisors may be established, and an executive director or one or two supervisors may also be established. Because the risks of a one-person limited liability company are mainly manifested in the confusion of shareholders and the company’s personality, hotchpot, improper operation of the company by shareholders, etc., we should make up for the lack of internal checks and balances mechanism by formulating a special governance structure model, amend the traditional corporate governance mechanism, and build a balance system of interests between shareholders and stakeholders in a one-person limited liability company. Many countries in the world have passed legislation to regulate the shareholders, accounting supervisors and shareholders’ decision-making procedures, the effectiveness of making resolutions, self-trading, etc. of a one-person limited liability company, in order to better safeguard the transaction security.

　　(2) abuse of shareholders’ rights

　　In the case that there is only one shareholder in a company, one shareholder can "do whatever he wants" to confuse the company’s property with the shareholders’ personal property, misappropriate the company’s property for private use, pay huge rewards to himself, conduct self-dealing with the company and so on, which makes it difficult for the company’s counterpart to know whether the object of the transaction is the company or the individual shareholder. Under the protection of limited liability, even if the company’s property is nominal, the one-person shareholder can still hide behind the company veil without being investigated by the company’s creditors or other counterparts. This makes the company’s creditors and other relative parties bear excessive risks.

　　Judging from the provisions, although Articles 20 and 60 of the new Company Law have stipulated this, they all have some shortcomings. Article 20 Although it is stipulated in principle that shareholders of a company who abuse the independent status of a company as a legal person and the limited liability of shareholders to evade debts and seriously damage the interests of creditors of the company shall be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the company. However, the requirement of this provision on the extent of serious damage to creditors’ interests is unclear, and the maneuverability in judicial practice is not strong. At the same time, it is stipulated that the purpose is to avoid debts, which obviously limits the application scope of the theory of disregard of corporate personality. Article 60 only stipulates that the shareholders of a one-person limited liability company shall be jointly and severally liable for the debts of the company when they cannot prove that the company property is independent of the shareholders’ own property. This means that the corporate personality of one-person limited liability company can be denied only when the property of one-person company is mixed with the personal property of shareholders. It is still difficult to determine how to apply it when one-person limited liability company abuses the corporate personality and uses the company limited liability system to evade legal obligations or avoid tort liability. Therefore, we should make more detailed provisions on how to apply the theory of disregard of corporate personality in legislation.

　　In a one-person limited liability company, all the power of the company is in the hands of a single shareholder, and due to insufficient internal and external supervision, it is easy for one-person shareholders to confuse the company’s property with shareholders’ property at will, or use the company’s property for private use, conduct self-transactions, guarantee or lend for themselves in the name of the company, or even use the legal personality of the one-person limited liability company to evade legal obligations or tort liabilities. In this way, the legitimate rights and interests of creditors will not be protected in time, and it will also have an adverse impact on China’s economic development, which will easily lead to a vicious circle and affect economic development.

　　Four, the author puts forward the following suggestions on the development direction of perfecting the shareholder system of one-person limited liability company in China.

　　1. The original intention of establishing a one-person limited liability company is to adapt to the current trend of economic development and promote economic development. However, the new company law prohibits natural persons from setting up multiple one-person limited liability companies and one-person limited liability companies set up by natural persons, which greatly weakens the motivation of natural persons to set up one-person limited liability companies and does not meet the proper meaning of the system of setting up one-person limited liability companies. The threshold for the establishment of one-person limited liability company in China is too high, which is not conducive to the regulation of one-person limited liability company by law, nor to the improvement of related systems of one-person limited liability company. For example, (1) The threshold for the establishment of a one-person limited liability company is too high. For the sake of efficiency, investors would rather make up a quorum to set up a general limited liability company instead of setting up a one-person limited liability company with extremely harsh conditions. As a result, there will still be a large number of one-person companies in the real sense in society, and the economic problems caused by the one-person limited liability company will still exist. Then the legislative purpose of the company law to recognize the legitimacy of one-person limited liability company is difficult to achieve. (2) One-man limited liability companies should not be blindly prohibited from investing in the establishment of new one-man companies, but allowed to set up new one-man limited liability companies conditionally, which is more conducive to standardizing one-man limited liability companies, perfecting the system of one-man limited liability companies and promoting economic development better. Therefore, I think the conditions for the establishment of a one-person company should be stipulated realistically.Natural persons can be appropriately allowed to set up multiple one-person limited liability companies, and one-person limited liability companies set up by natural persons can set up one-person limited liability companies.

　　2, the establishment of shareholders’ personal property and one-person limited liability company debt publicity system. In order to prevent the confusion between the operation of a one-person limited liability company and the business of a single shareholder, such as the complete consistency of business operations, the cross-use of company funds and shareholders’ living expenses, and the lending of company assets to oneself or for other purposes, it is necessary to establish a publicity system for shareholders’ personal property, and shareholders regularly publicize their personal property status to the company registration authority or the public to promote the complete separation of shareholders’ personal property from that of a one-person limited liability company. It can also make the information of one-person limited liability company’s self-transaction, related party transactions and so on public, ensure the independence of one-person limited liability company and shareholders, and thus promote the standardized operation of one-person limited liability company.

　　3. A one-person limited liability company does not have a shareholders’ meeting. One-person shareholders mean the shareholders’ meeting of the company, and the shareholders’ meeting of the company means one-person shareholders. Article 62 of China’s Company Law stipulates: "A one-person limited liability company does not have a shareholders’ meeting." Because the one-person shareholder of a one-person limited liability company grasps and exercises the power of the company, in order to avoid the confusion of the personal meaning of the one-person shareholder with the meaning of the company legal person, the company law also stipulates that when making the decision on the authority of the company, the one-person shareholder "should be in written form, and there are shareholders in the company". However, there is only one shareholder of a one-person limited liability company, and everything is decided by one person, and any idea of the shareholder can become his decision without a meeting. At the same time, it stipulates the right of revocation of interested parties. For a resolution that is not in written form and is kept in the company, interested parties may apply to the court for revocation of the resolution. This is to urge the shareholders of a one-person limited liability company to strictly abide by the legal procedures for making resolutions, punish the consequences of their illegal acts, and avoid the damage to the interests of interested parties.

　　4. A one-person company shall set up a board of supervisors by force, and shall make clear provisions on the appointment of supervisors. In the traditional sense, because the shareholders of a company are plural, even if there is no supervisory organ in it, its internal supervision can be supervised through the checks and balances formed by the conflict of interests between shareholders. However, if a one-man company does not set up a board of supervisors, the economic problems that may be caused by the government are by no means completely under the control of the government because of the lack of internal supervision mechanism. Therefore, the legislation can not fully apply the arbitrary provisions of the limited liability company on the establishment of the board of supervisors, but should take compulsory establishment measures. Another point is that in the appointment of supervisors, we must adhere to the principle that one-person shareholders who fully control the company do not serve as supervisors. Paragraph 2 of Article 52 of the Company Law stipulates that the board of supervisors shall include shareholders’ representatives and employees’ representatives in an appropriate proportion, of which the proportion of employees’ representatives shall not be less than one third. In a one-person company, where the shareholders are also directors or managers, it can be clearly stipulated that employees are natural candidates for the board of supervisors. Because employees are important stakeholders of the company, and their relationship with the company is relatively stable. The elected employee supervisors have the conditions to correct the company’s misconduct and protect the interests of employees and creditors through their understanding of the company’s operating conditions in their work. They should enjoy the right not to be dismissed or have their salaries reduced without a reason.

　　5. In judicial practice, the application of the system of disregard of corporate personality is very complicated, and it is difficult to enumerate this situation in both theory and law. Therefore, the future judicial interpretation should adopt the traditional judicial interpretation mode of civil law system which combines enumeration and generalization. To clarify the abuse of corporate personality and the degradation of corporate personality, we can consider making provisions in the form of enumeration to make up for the poor operability of the above legislation. In addition, the applicable elements of the disregard of legal personality of one-person company should be: first, the behavior of the actor abusing legal personality. This requirement emphasizes that the user of the corporate personality of a one-person company must abuse the corporate personality. The second is to damage the objective existence of facts. This requirement means that the abuse of corporate personality by the user of corporate personality of one-person company must cause harm to others or society. If the corporate personality user of a one-person company does not cause harm to others or society, even if there are abuses, such as setting up a "shell company", confusing the company’s property with shareholders’ hotchpot, confusing the company’s business with shareholders’ business, self-trading, etc., it does not constitute the applicable elements of denying the corporate personality of a one-person company. Third, there is a direct causal relationship between the abuse of corporate personality and the damage caused. This requirement requires that the injured party must be able to prove that there is a causal relationship between the damage and the improper behavior of abusing the corporate personality. Fourth, the actor is at fault. This requirement means that the actor has the subjective fault of infringing on the independent personality of a one-person company, abusing the corporate form and seeking illegitimate interests.

　　(Author: People’s Court of Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province)

China Academy of Social Sciences announced six new archaeological discoveries with these highlights.

　　On January 10th, 2020, the "Archaeological Forum of China Academy of Social Sciences: New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2019" hosted by China Academy of Social Sciences and hosted by Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Archaeological Magazine was held in Beijing.

　　The Paper learned that Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, announced six new archaeological discoveries in China in 2019, namely Longshan Cultural Site in Ximengzhuang, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, Honghe Site in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, Taitai Base Site in Huangcheng, Shimao Site in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province, Zizhulin, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and the mural tomb in Quangou Tubo Period in Wulan County, Qinghai Province.

　　Longshan Cultural Site in Ximengzhuang, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province

　　(Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)

　　Distribution map of Longshan cultural relics in Ximengzhuang site

Pottery Ding and Pottery Stems Unearthed from Ximengzhuang Site

　　Ximengzhuang site reveals a relatively well-preserved Longshan cultural settlement with a clear structure. It is found that the fence, ring ditch, house site, ash pit, tomb, kiln site and a large number of column caves are regularly distributed and combined, forming a walled settlement. It can be divided into two stages, the lower square fence stage and the upper round fence stage. The square fence was built in the early Longshan period, and it was used until the early Longshan period, and the early and late Longshan period was replaced by the circular fence, which lasted until the middle Longshan period. If this reflects a form of grass-roots settlement at that time, it will provide valuable information for us to understand the structure of Longshan cultural grass-roots settlement and interpret people’s life and career patterns in Longshan cultural grass-roots settlement. If this is a special settlement, it is very important to identify its nature. It reveals for the first time that there has been functional differentiation in the non-economic sense in the settlement during the Longshan culture period, which is very important for us to analyze and evaluate the degree of social development at that time.

　　Honghe Site, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province

　　(Heilongjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)

Remains of Xia, Shang and Neolithic Age in Eastern Region

Neolithic relics unearthed from the site

　　Four excavations in 2017 and before made it clear that the Neolithic remains of Honghe site belong to the same kind of remains as Ang ‘angxi culture, which is a typical site of Ang ‘angxi culture and the central settlement of Ang ‘angxi culture. During the fifth excavation in 2018-2019, 12 houses of Angangxi culture in the late Neolithic Age, 1 house in Xia and Shang Dynasties, 12 houses of Baijinbao culture in two weeks and 81 tombs in Qing Dynasty were cleared. By dissecting and cleaning three ring trenches in the late Neolithic Age and their Tongjiang sections, the shape and structure, excavation and construction time, excavation and construction process, use and abandonment process were basically clarified. It is the first time to reveal and clarify the form of prehistoric settlements in Nenjiang River Basin, which is of great significance to the settlement research of prehistoric archaeology in China. The appearance of the ring trench and the use of large-scale houses indicate that the fishing and hunting civilization in the Nenjiang River basin existed a settlement model in the late Neolithic period. Shortened the time difference between the social development process of Nenjiang River basin in the late Neolithic period and the core area of Chinese civilization at the same time. The Nenjiang River basin entered the civilized society more than a thousand years earlier, and then the civilization history of Heilongjiang River basin was rewritten.

　　Ruins of Huangchengtai Tai Foundation in Shimao Site, Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province

　　(Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute, Yulin Cultural Relics Archaeological Exploration Team, Shenmu Shimao Site Management Office)

Huangchengtai Taiji

South retaining wall no.6 stone carving

　　The Shimao site consists of the Imperial Terrace, the inner city and the outer city, with an area of more than 4 million square meters. It is the largest known city site in China in the late Longshan period and the early Zhixia period. In 2018, a large-scale building abutment was discovered in the east of Huangchengtaiding, on which a large number of building bases were distributed, temporarily called "Dataiji". After excavation in 2018-2019, the outline of the foundation of the large platform gradually became clear. The plane of the foundation of the large platform is roughly square with rounded corners, and the side length is about 130 meters. The core of the platform is rammed and surrounded by stone walls. At present, the south retaining wall and surrounding areas of the foundation of the large platform are basically completely exposed, and the positions of the west retaining wall and the north retaining wall are confirmed. More than 70 exquisite stone carvings were found in the south retaining wall, and some of them were embedded in the wall of the south retaining wall. The age of construction and use of Tai Tai Ji should be no later than 2000 BC, and the age of stone carving should be no later than 2000 BC. The phenomenon of inlaid stone carvings on the wall should have the same spiritual connotation as that found in the ruins of Shigao, and it reflects the spiritual sustenance of the ancestors of Shigao on the grand platform of the Imperial City. The discovery and confirmation of Dataiji officially opened the curtain of discussing the settlement division and functional nature of Huangchengtai, which laid an important material foundation for the core position of Huangchengtai in the city site of Shimao.

　　Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province

　　(Archaeological Institute of China National Museum, Shanxi Institute of Archaeology, Yuncheng Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

Excavation area in the east of Xiwubi site (north above)

Remnants of copper smelting furnace in Erligang period

　　The distribution area of Erlitou and Erligang remains of Xiwubi site is about 700,000 square meters. The central area is located in the east of the site, covering an area of about 400,000 square meters, including the residence and burial area in the north, and the concentrated distribution area of copper smelting remains in the south of the middle, covering an area of 100,000 square meters. A large number of relics and relics of Longshan, Erlitou, Erligang, Zhou and Song dynasties were obtained, among which the copper smelting remains of Erlitou and Erligang periods were the most important. In the ash pits of Erlitou and Erligang periods, residual pottery and stone patterns were also found for casting small tools, indicating that the Xiwubi site can also cast some tools besides smelting copper. The newly discovered Erlitou charcoal kiln, Erligang lower copper smelting furnace, and other copper smelting relics of Erlitou and Erligang periods, together with the previously discovered copper smelting relics, enrich the connotation of Xiwubi site, showing a large-scale and highly specialized copper smelting workshop form, which provides valuable physical materials for in-depth study of the early copper smelting handicraft technology and production methods, and even explores the relationship between the rise of Xia and Shang Dynasties and the control, development and utilization of copper, a strategic resource.

　　Zizhulin Chunqiu Zengguo Noble Cemetery, Suizhou City, Hubei Province

　　(Hubei Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Peking University, Suizhou Museum, Zengdu District Archaeological Team)

M190 (Zeng Gongqiu) bronze ritual vessel combination

M190 (Zeng Gongqiu) bronze chime combination

　　The archaeological team excavated 86 tombs of Zeng State in the Spring and Autumn Period. There were 5 large tombs in the shape of A, 19 medium tombs and 62 small tombs. Among them, five A-shaped tombs are arranged in three groups from north to south. The owners of the three groups of tombs are Zeng Gongqiu and his wife Yu, Zeng Houbao and his wife Mi Jia and Zeng Houde respectively. More than 2,000 bronzes were unearthed in the cemetery, including nearly 600 bronze ritual instruments, and the inscriptions of bronze ritual instruments were found to be nearly 6,000 words, which is the largest batch of bronze inscriptions in the Spring and Autumn Period discovered by archaeology in the new century. Zaoshulin Cemetery made up for the missing link of Zeng State in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, constructed the most important cultural sequence of Fengzhong State in the Zhou Dynasty in China with the most complete archaeological materials, and constructed a scale of bronze culture in Jianghan area, which was of great significance in the archaeological field of Zeng State and even two weeks.

　　Mural Tomb in Quangou Tubo Period, Wulan County, Qinghai Province

　　(Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Ethnic Museum, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, Wulan County Bureau of Culture, Sports, Tourism, Radio and Television)

Ma Yingbin diagram of anterior chamber eastern wall

　　The mural tomb (Tomb No.1) is a rectangular brick-wood mixed structure multi-chamber tomb with a tomb passage. The tomb consists of a front room, a back room and two side rooms. The mural on the side of the front room tomb door is about leading Ma Yingbin warriors. Other murals include hunting, feasting and dancing, and the top depicts all kinds of birds and animals. A hidden compartment was found on the pit wall at the bottom of the tomb outside the wooden coffin on the west side of the back room, which contained a rectangular wooden box with a pearl crown, a dragon, a phoenix, a lion and a gold cup inlaid with turquoise.

Gold-plated crowns and cups in concealed wooden cases

　　According to the characteristics of unearthed relics and the style of mural content, it is inferred that the tomb was in the Tubo period and the carbon fourteen date was in the eighth century AD. The No.1 Tomb in Quangou is the only mural tomb in Tibetan Plateau so far. The tomb owner may have a close relationship with the local royal family during the Tubo period, indicating that there was a high-level administrative and military establishment in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin during the Tubo period. Tombs show a strong dual influence of Tang Wenhua and Tubo culture, which is of great academic value for discussing the process of Sino-Tibetan cultural integration and the grand occasion of cultural exchange along the Silk Road in Qinghai.

Meeting site

　　In addition to the above-mentioned six new archaeological discoveries in China in 2019, seven finalists were selected, namely: the Paleolithic site of Mangedong, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, the Neolithic site of Qiaotou, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, the Neolithic site of Simagou, Huade County, Inner Mongolia, the Korean Eastern Zhou Cemetery in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, the Han Tomb in Hujiacaochang, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, the Shancheng site of Mopan Village, Tumen City, Jilin Province, and the Shifosi site in jiangjin district, Chongqing. In addition, as one of the achievements of China’s archaeological "going out", the archaeological project of Natishwa site in the ancient city of Biheropur, Bangladesh, which was jointly carried out by Hunan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Otia Oneisen Archaeological Research Center of Bangladesh, was selected as a new foreign archaeological discovery in 2019.

Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, presented certificates to the selected project representatives.

　　(According to China Archaeological Network, Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Social Sciences)

Behind the biggest child trafficking case in Sichuan： the way home AI helps

　　background for news stories

　　"internet plus Kidnapping" Retrieves Nearly 4,000 Missing Children

　　In March 2010, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Punishing the Crime of Abducting and Trafficking Women and Children according to Law, which stipulates that if a child is reported missing or a woman who has reached the age of 14 but is under the age of 18 is reported missing, the public security organ shall immediately file a criminal case and promptly carry out investigation; If it does not belong to its own jurisdiction, it shall be promptly transferred to the public security organ with jurisdiction.

　　"The Ministry of Public Security has never said that children can be missing for 24 hours before filing a case." Chen Shiqu said that if parents find their children missing, they should call 110 at the first time, and the police must immediately file a case and carry out investigation according to regulations. The Ministry of Public Security has previously made it clear that in all cases of child trafficking, the public security organs implement the "one long and three guarantees system", that is, the main leaders or competent leaders of the county and urban public security organs serve as the project leaders, and are responsible for the investigation of the case, the search and rescue of the trafficked persons, and the appeasement of the victim’s family.

　　The reporter learned from the the State Council Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference Office and the Criminal Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security that the publicity campaign of "Caring for Children and Opposing Trafficking" was held in Beijing. In the three years since the emergency release platform "Reunion" of missing children information of the Ministry of Public Security was launched, a total of 3,978 pieces of missing children’s information were released, and 3,901 missing children were recovered, with a recovery rate of 98%.

　　According to reports, in order to meet the requirements of the "internet plus abduction" era, the Ministry of Public Security has developed the "Reunion" system, an emergency release platform for missing children’s information, which was officially launched on May 15, 2016. Once the missing information of children is released, the platform can help the public security organs to push the missing information of children to a certain range around the missing place through new media and mobile application terminals in the first time, so that more people can obtain relevant information accurately and provide clues in time to help the public security organs solve the case as soon as possible. At present, many new media and mobile applications have been connected to the platform.

　　Comprehensive Xinhua all-media headlines, People’s Public Security News, etc.

　　For many years, the police have been tirelessly pursuing abducted children.

　　Ten lost faces, gradually blurred in the years … …

　　Look at AI’s meritorious service.

　　"Not reconciled, if we can’t find a child, we can’t explain it to our parents. We can’t lose!" On July 3rd, on the 6th floor of the Criminal Investigation Bureau of Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department, a white board in the office of Jiang Xiaoling, director of the Anti-trafficking Department, was filled with names, and they intertwined to form a net.

　　In the past few years, Sichuan abduction police have been "competing" with a child trafficking case. Wang Mouwen is the key to this case. This 63-year-old man is closely related to 13 cases of child abduction in several cities and counties in Sichuan in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2014. The reporter learned from the Criminal Investigation Bureau of the Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department that the case was the biggest child abduction case in the process of abduction in Sichuan.

　　In 2014, Wang Mouwen was arrested. Except for the three children who were abducted in that year, the search for the other 10 children has continued to this day. At present, there are still three children still looking for them.

　　13

　　Not One Less

　　On that whiteboard, the names of four abducted children are lined up in a row, with their date of birth and the time and place where they lost. Below the name, the lines are intertwined, and the clue information is connected in series.

　　"This is the first group of children we found before." Xiao-ling jiang pointed to the whiteboard and looked tired. She didn’t go to sleep until after 2 am for several days. I just flew back to Chengdu from Shenzhen the day before.

　　There are too many things, there are still three children who have not been found, and they have to mediate the relationship between the children and the two families. Things didn’t go well. She bluntly said, "I have a good personality, but I still can’t help losing my temper."

　　This is a search for people that has been going on for five years. Jiang Xiaoling secretly struggled. "I’m not willing. If I can’t find a child, I can’t tell my parents. We can’t lose!"

　　Three children.

　　Successfully rescued in the year of abduction.

　　The suspect was arrested

　　Time goes back to five years ago.

　　On the evening of April 26th, 2014, a three-year-old child was abducted from Suining, Sichuan. In the surveillance screen, a man in dark underwear left with his child on a motorcycle. After more than two months of investigation, the police grasped the trace of the suspected man and issued a notice to Quanchuan to collect similar cases with the same modus operandi.

　　According to local reports: on April 7 of that year, a 3-year-old child from Tongjiang, Bazhong was abducted; On June 25th of that year, a 3-year-old child was abducted in Yilong, Nanchong. The three cases were connected in series, the suspect Wang Mouwen was highlighted, and the general whereabouts of the abducted children were found out.

　　On the evening of July 30, 2014, the arrest operation began. The police arrested Wang Mouwen in Qu County, Dazhou, and arrested some middlemen associated with Wang Mouwen in Guangdong. Three children abducted in September of that year were also successfully rescued.

　　The case written by Wang Mouwen is not limited to this. In 2014, the construction of public security monitoring in all parts of Sichuan has matured. Through the comparison of massive video information, the police found that in two cases of children lost in the summer of 2009, Wang Mouwen appeared again. "He is not tall, about 1.6 meters. He drags his children away and leaves by motorcycle." Jiang Xiaoling said.

　　The same suspect has committed crimes many times in a row, and Wang Mouwen is definitely not simple.

　　10 children

　　The suspect confessed that they were taken to Guangdong a few years ago.

　　As the trial continued, shocking progress appeared — — Wang Mouwen confessed that in addition to the three cases in 2014, he also brought 10 children to Shantou, Guangdong Province in Sichuan for three consecutive years in 2008, 2009 and 2010.

　　Soon, the case was listed as a case supervised by the Ministry of Public Security. In the view of Jiang Xiaoling, who has been engaged in abduction for many years, the case has undoubtedly become the largest child abduction case in Sichuan.

　　We must find these 10 children.

　　"For parents, even if they give everything, if they don’t find someone, then everything is meaningless." Compared with catching the suspect, a long-lasting war for finding people has just begun.

　　Wang Mouwen is the only breakthrough. But it is not easy to pry his mouth open. Wang Mouwen either refused to provide information about the middleman to the police, or constantly retracted his confession, which brought great difficulties to finding people.

　　At that time, the police escorted Wang Mouwen to Guangdong and asked him to identify the place where the child was sent. In the process, Wang Mouwen was vague. "It seems that it is, but it seems that it is not. The urban construction has changed too much." After a lap, the police got nothing.

　　"He is a very cunning man, and it is difficult for you to find out the truth of his words." Jiang Xiaoling introduced that in 2015, Wang Mouwen was finally convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison for his crimes in 2014 and is still serving his sentence.

　　"But in any case, there must be hope!" The police did not give up.

　　deadlock

　　10 "fuzzy" faces

　　After many years, it is difficult to find people by changing their faces.

　　In 2015, the Sichuan police carried out an attack on the case. The police sent a task force to Shantou and other places in Guangdong again to explore the clues left by Wang Mouwen and continue to look for people. However, due to dialect barriers and unfamiliar environment, the work is extremely difficult. In addition to learning the bank transaction information left by Wang Mouwen, I got nothing.

　　Jiang Xiaoling said that the 10 abducted children involved were all under four years old at the time of the crime, and the youngest was only a 100-day-old baby. Children’s ability to remember stories is poor, and they can hardly remember the case. Moreover, they are in the stage of language learning, and their accents will change in just a few months. The police who participated in the rescue of three abducted children in 2014 said that when they were found in Guangdong, only in the past five months, the children had spoken fluent Chaoshan dialect, and their biological parents’ impressions were blurred.

　　One road is impassable, so change to another. In 2016, the task force found Professor Zhao Chengwen, an expert in appearance at China Criminal Police College, for help. I hope that through the way of portraits, I can show the appearance of children in their teens, and then look for people according to the portraits.

　　A group of Sichuanese went to Guangdong again with portraits. There is no special way to extract the photos of school-age children and "look at them with the naked eye." This time, the task force brought back more than 300 suspected photos, informed parents to identify them, and finally determined more than 170 objects. But the DNA match, none of them match. Looking for someone failed again.

　　"We will fight Wang Mouwen to the end, we can’t lose, but it is difficult to find a breakthrough." Jiang Xiaoling said that they almost exhausted the means of investigation. "I even went to the local area to find out which school-age children don’t look like their families, but it’s like looking for a needle in a haystack."

　　In 2017, Sichuan police pushed the information of children to the local area through the help of Tencent QQ, and one child offered a reward of 30,000. At the same time, more than 10,000 circulars were printed and distributed in Shantou. "But the two jobs didn’t work. There were no valuable clues except receiving two calls asking whether the reward information was true or not."

　　Looking for someone, deadlocked.

　　On the one hand, there is a deadlock in finding people, and on the other hand, there are fast-growing children. Nearly 10 years after the incident, their appearance has changed dramatically. Traditional means have become more difficult. The turnaround occurred at the end of 2017. At that time, Chen Shiqu, deputy director of the Criminal Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, went to Tencent for investigation. Li Xin, a security expert of Tencent Guardian Program, mentioned a new technology of cross-age face recognition. Subsequently, the technology was introduced to the Sichuan police, hoping to break through the case with scientific and technological strength.

　　Caught in Trap

　　Cross-age face recognition technology

　　"Smart" and "mature" algorithms find 7 children.

　　"At that time, Chen Bureau said that there was such technology and asked us if we would like to try it. We are definitely willing. " Jiang Xiaoling said. In 2018, Sichuan police officially cooperated with Tencent’s face recognition team — — Youtu laboratory docking.

　　Cross-age face recognition is also a big problem in the world. It mainly learns the natural cross-age change law of face through algorithms and presents the cross-age change of face. The 10 children involved in the case are just in the growth period, with a large age span and great changes, and its difficulty is self-evident.

　　"It’s very difficult, and I didn’t have a bottom before." On July 3 this year, Li Xin told reporters, "But if we can find these children through technology, it is also of great significance."

　　Li Xin introduced that the face recognition team of Youtu Lab has done a lot of work for a long time to make the algorithm "smart" and "mature". In order to verify the accuracy of cross-age face recognition, team members also took their own photos for experiments at the annual meeting. What is exciting is that the end result is good.

　　Sichuan police collected positive photos of all the children from parents and sent them to the technical team. In this regard, Jiang Xiaoling was impressed: "There are not many photos in the hands of parents. After their children are lost, these photos are even more entrusted with all their feelings and thoughts about their children, for fear of losing them."

　　"After the Spring Festival in 2018, a number of results were produced. One person corresponds to 50 similar people, and the similarity scores are from high to low." Jiang Xiaoling introduced that the abduction police "digested" the data packet for several months, and then carried out ground investigation on the suspected objects with high similarity. In the end, at the beginning of 2019, the success ratio was 4.

　　"I found it!" This is a result that excites everyone. At that time, Xiao-ling Jiang cried out excitedly, making it difficult to sit down in the office.

　　Good news continued, and the second batch of 1 person and the third batch of 2 people were successfully found in the next two months. So far, seven abducted children have been found, and the similarity between the successful comparison and the recognition results is over 96.

　　In May of this year, the CCTV program "Wait for Me" presented this technology to find people. Confirmed by Sichuan police and Tencent, this is the first time that cross-age face recognition technology has been used by the police to abduct and find people.

　　However, there are also some puzzles. "Among the remaining three children who have not been found, there is a male doll. Every time the comparison is made, the first similarity is the same person. In any case, I think it should be this person, but the DNA can’t match." Jiang Xiaoling said, "We even went to check the birth situation of this child’s parents, but we still didn’t understand the reason."

　　The kidnapper is a husband and wife.

　　Looking for, still going on … …

　　Looking for someone, still going on. With seven children found, Wang Mouwen, who has been sentenced to 15 years, will also face heavier punishment.

　　The case-handling personnel restored Wang Mouwen’s personal experience to the reporter.

　　In fact, Wang Mouwen’s first crime occurred in 2006. At that time, Wang Mouwen abducted a child in Hunan. In the process, the child cried and others called the police. Wang Mouwen was arrested and sentenced to 3 years in prison.

　　"He was released from prison before the 2008 Olympic Games, and then he started committing crimes again." Jiang Xiaoling said that in 2008, 2009 and 2010, he committed 10 crimes, all in some counties or rural areas, taking the children away and then transporting them to Guangdong with his lover. "Accurately speaking, he is responsible for abducting children, and his wife is responsible for transporting them, because women with children are not easy to be suspected, which is ‘ Husband and wife file ’ Commit crimes. "

　　Judging from the transaction records of Wang Mouwen’s bank found by the police, after Wang Mouwen brought his children to Guangdong to make a profit, he would deposit the money in the passbook, with the amount ranging from about 10,000 to about 100,000.

　　"The amount that can be verified is at least more than 200,000." Jiang Xiaoling introduced.

　　In 2010, after earning hundreds of thousands, Wang Mouwen took over and went to Qinghai to start a business. However, in just over three years, Wang Mouwen lost all his money.

　　In 2014, Wang Mouwen decided to commit another crime. "on the one hand, the technique has been skilled and I feel that the money is fast; On the other hand, I feel that I have done it so many times before, and the police have not caught him. There is no way to take him. " Jiang Xiaoling said, but this time Wang Mouwen was quickly arrested by the police.

　　At present, the police are doing further work and will increase the punishment for Wang Mouwen through judicial procedures.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Du Yuquan

　　Intern Cheng Qiguo

Airport： Enhancing People’s Happiness by Making Good Use of the Theory of Grand Event Development

Pictured: Jinshan Avenue, the main landscape avenue, is under comprehensive construction.

Pictured: Water workers are dredging the water in gold and silver lake. (The pictures in this edition are all taken by Ni Na, an all-media reporter from Hubei Daily)

Pictured: Dongxihu Sports Center is stepping up construction.

Pictured: On July 12th, Dongxihu Sports Center Stadium, the main newly-built venue of the Military Games, began to carry out loop rope lifting.

Hubei Daily All-Media Reporter Cheng Rongxing Correspondent Song Liang Hu Wei Liang Xu

An international grand meeting is a rare development opportunity for a city.

Just as the Olympic Games is in Beijing, the World Expo is in Shanghai, the Asian Games is in Guangzhou, and the G20 is in Hangzhou … In recent years, in the process of organizing international grand events, major cities in China have welcomed guests from all over the world and completed the important task of the country, at the same time, they have accelerated the upgrading of urban environment, industrial transformation and upgrading, and the promotion of civil civilization, forming a set of mature and complete "grand event development science".

The 7th military world games is the same for Wuhan.

On the evening of July 24th, Wuhan held the sixth meeting of striving to catch up and catch up, which encouraged the whole city to raise high standards and vigorously promote the comprehensive environmental improvement, so as to welcome the military games with a world-class urban environment. Among many regions, Wuhan Airport Economic and Technological Development Zone (Dongxihu District) has a heavy responsibility:

Looking at the geographical location, the airport is located at the northwest gateway. The Hantan and Hanyi railways are the main passages to enter Wuhan in the west. The East and West Lake section of the second passage of the airport is the only place from Tianhe Airport to downtown Wuhan. This is the first stop for the world to know Wuhan.

Looking at the undertaking task, Dongxihu Sports Center undertakes three events of football, table tennis and water rescue in the military games, and the Eurasian Convention and Exhibition Hotel and Newbinkai Hotel located on the bank of Jinyin Lake are shortlisted for the reception hotels.

Looking at the resource endowment, Dongxihu Lake is named after the lake, and there are 26 lakes dotted around it. gold and silver lake is the largest urban wetland park in Wuhan, which is an important carrier to show Wuhan’s rich ecological resources and environmental management effectiveness.

Looking at the development trend, Linkong Airport is one of the three state-level development zones in Wuhan. Five emerging industries, such as chips, display screens, intelligent manufacturing, network security, big data and new energy, are gathered together. The industrial growth rate from January to June is 9.8%, ranking first among the three development zones. It is an important window to show the high-quality development atmosphere in Hubei.

Chen Xiexin, director of the Management Committee of Wuhan Airport Economic Development Zone and secretary of Dongxihu District Committee, demanded that the theme activity of "Clean Home for Military Transportation" should be carried out according to the requirements of "creating a first-class competition environment, building first-class venues and facilities, setting up first-class organizations and providing first-class service guarantee", and efforts should be made to realize the "butterfly change of environmental appearance, qualitative change of taste standards, change of management methods and evolution of citizens’ civilized quality".

This July, the weather in Wuhan was in full swing, the airport was full of fighting spirit, the venue construction was in full swing, the environmental improvement was attended by the whole people, and the value of the face was improved immediately. A few days ago, all-media reporters from Hubei Daily visited the area and felt the military enthusiasm here.

Railway side train office claim management task

Han-Dan (Han-Yi) Railway passes through the airport, passing through five streets, namely Cihui, Changqing, Zoumaling, Xin ‘andu and Xingou Town, with a total length of 50 kilometers. It takes only 20 minutes to walk by train, but the environmental improvement along the railway is very complicated.

On July 7th, Peng Tao, the executive deputy director of the Economic Development Zone Management Committee of the Airport and the head of Dongxihu District, led the Executive Committee of the District Military Games, the District Urban Management Committee and the responsible persons of relevant streets along the railway to take the train for on-site investigation. More than 10 people boarded the green leather train from Hankou Railway Station to Yingcheng. "Within 15 meters along the railway, there is a strict pipeline, and 50 meters is a strict control line". "Illegal buildings should be demolished, exposed garbage should be removed, and the greening quality should be improved" … The group walked and watched, and the heads of various departments and streets claimed the governance tasks on the spot.

After the inspection on the same day, the District Urban Management Committee used drones to shoot at high altitude to find problems, and then organized people to walk around the dead ends that drones could not shoot, so as to further investigate the problems in detail. After the "trinity" three-dimensional inspection of train inspection, drone shooting and walking inspection, the District Urban Management Committee worked out a rectification list of 41 problems, which were decomposed and implemented in various responsible units and sold regularly.

Peng Tao stressed that it is necessary to take the opportunity of comprehensive improvement of the environment of the military games to comprehensively improve the appearance of the city along the railway, not only to be neat and orderly, but also to beautify and upgrade, and to shape the ecological landscape line along the railway in Dongxihu District.

Roadside construction site enclosure becomes urban landscape

Jinshan Avenue near the airport is connected to the sports center in the west, the waiting hotel in the middle and Tianhe Airport in the east, which is one of the important military transportation guarantee routes. This avenue, which was built in the 1990s, is 14 kilometers long, with six lanes in both directions, with trees on both sides and lakes in a string, and is known as "the first road in Jingchu". However, in recent years, due to subway and real estate construction, there are many construction sites along Jinshan Avenue, and the enclosure is messy and unsightly.

At the beginning of this year, the district launched a special rectification campaign for construction sites along the security lines of the military games, focusing on upgrading the construction sites around the five security lines of the military games, including Jinshan Avenue. According to the person in charge of the District Urban and Rural Construction Bureau, the construction sites under construction, demolition sites and reserved land around the five guaranteed roads should be "standardized in construction enclosure, fully hardened in main roads in the site, standardized in vehicle washing, normalized in process management, covered with non-operating earthwork, and intelligently managed in spraying facilities".

On the 26th, the reporter saw in the construction site of gold and silver lake Building that the whole site was surrounded by a giant enclosure about three meters high, and there was no dust flying, and the walls were covered with green plants, which became a beautiful urban landscape.

At present, the area has completed the beautiful vision on both sides of the second passage of the airport, the cleaning of temporary facilities such as Huaxing Morning Dragon City, Evergrande Evergreen Garden, the exit of Metro Line 2 and nearby ditches, as well as the greening and planting work in the gap inside the wall of the construction site. More than 20 vehicles of white garbage and construction waste have been cleaned up, covering 300 square meters with loose soil, 7,000 square meters of ploughing and greening planting, and 3 temporary sheds on the construction site have been regularized, totaling 500 square meters. At the same time, the Airport Economic Development Zone will carry out monthly supervision and evaluation of the rectification of construction sites, and immediately order the construction sites that fail to meet the standards to stop work and rectify, and strive to complete the rectification before the end of September this year.

Ecological wetland greenway will be built in gold and silver lake by the lake.

Dongxihu Lake is named after the lake, and it thrives because of the lake. Among them, the water area of gold and silver lake is 816.1 hectares, and the total planned green area along the lake is 432.9 hectares. The Wuhan National Urban Wetland Park, which covers an area of 77 hectares, is located in this area. The coastline of Jinyinhu Lake is rich in forms, and the ecological environment resources such as lakes, ponds, rivers, islands, forests and fields are superior. There are 8 peninsulas and 7 branches of the harbor, accompanied by rivers and lakes, which are ecologically interesting, with lush forests and trees. "gold and silver lake will be an important window to show the world the achievements of Wuhan’s ecological governance and the charm of the’ City of Hundred Lakes’." According to the person in charge of the District Water Affairs Bureau, in order to further improve the environment in gold and silver lake, the district has launched a plan to improve the water quality. In 2017, the district has invested more than 60 million yuan to renovate 44 sewage outlets in residential areas around gold and silver lake, realizing the separation of rain and sewage and the complete collection of sewage. The second phase of this year’s work started, and more than 40 million yuan was invested to transform the sewage outlets in the remaining 25 communities. "It will be completed before the military games next year, when no sewage will directly enter the lake." The District Water Affairs Bureau also started the construction project of gold and silver lake National Water Conservancy Scenic Area.

According to the introduction of the District Bureau of Landscape Architecture, it will invest 1.06 billion yuan to upgrade the ecological landscape of gold and silver lake and build a characteristic ecological wetland greenway. With the design concept of "a hundred-mile lake bank green corridor and a thousand-acre peninsula full of flowers", ten characteristic tourist parks will be added through six strategies of "connecting greenways, increasing functions, adding scenic spots, integrating culture, gathering activities and brightening night scenes", which will run through the 50-kilometer greenway around the lake to realize "harmony between the city and the lake". A complete entrance system will be laid out along the road around the lake to meet the functional requirements of service center, parking, catering, sales, toilets, medical aid and other full coverage, guide tourists into the depths of the lake, and make gold and silver lake full of scenery and people everywhere.

Sports benefiting the people

Dongfeng helps speed up the construction of sports venues in the military games

Dongxihu is an advanced unit of mass sports in China, with a per capita sports area of 2.81 square meters, and the proportion of sports population ranks among the top in Wuhan.

In recent years, driven by the upsurge of preparing for the military games, the sports and fitness position of the airport has been continuously expanded, and the 17,000-square-meter gold and silver lake citizens’ cultural and sports activity center is expected to be completed within this year; New multi-functional community sports fields will be built, and each street and community (brigade) will have at least one sports square of not less than 500 square meters; 312 fitness stations in 138 communities in the whole region have all been registered, and a "10-minute fitness circle" has basically taken shape.

However, the person in charge of the Cultural and Sports Bureau of the district said frankly: before the military games, the large-scale stadiums in the district were still blank-only a few universities, vocational schools and middle schools in the district had open-air stadiums, which could only accommodate thousands of people, and large-scale activities, sports events and cultural performances with a scale of over 10,000 people were all out of reach of the airport. "Before 2016, I imagined how wonderful it would be to build a stadium with 10,000 people."

In 2016, happiness suddenly came: in order to host the related competitions of the military games, the Economic Development Zone of the Linkong Airport decided to spend 2 billion yuan to build a sports center, including a stadium with a capacity of 30,000 people, a gymnasium with a capacity of 8,000 people and a swimming pool with a capacity of 1,000 people.

According to the person in charge, the sports center will be built according to the top international level, and can host sports events at all levels, including individual Olympic events, and can accommodate tens of thousands of spectators in the Super League and China A competitions. After the completion of the stadium, it will become the third largest local stadium in Wuhan after Zhuankou Sports Center and Guanggu Wuwang Center, "so that the sports infrastructure of the airport can also keep up with the pattern of national development zones."

participation by all the people

The whole district dresses up the "first floor" of Wuhan Yingbin.

Wuhan Airport Economic Development Zone is named after its close proximity to Wuhan Tianhe International Airport. After leaving the airport, take a bus to the second passage of the airport. In the Huangpi area, farmland, wetlands and Fuhe rivers along the line are connected into paintings, which are idyllic. After passing through the airport area, you can enter the urban area of Wuhan, and the scenery on both sides instantly switches styles, with high-rise buildings and bustling eyes.

Therefore, the airport is the "gateway" for the world to understand the urban area of Wuhan, and a 28-storey residential building in the Vision City Community of Jiangjun Road in this area has become the "first floor" for welcoming guests.

Zhang Xiangdong, head of the District Urban Management Committee, said that during the military games, a large number of international politicians, athletes and spectators from all over the world came to Wuhan by plane. The first impression was this building. "The building must be beautifully renovated, especially at night, and it must be full of brilliance, highlighting the quality of the city." In view of the lighting work along the main roads of the Military Games, the Executive Committee of Wuhan Military Games has formulated a special work plan, inviting the design team from Beijing to carry out unified design, and then handing it over to all districts for construction. "All the lights along the line will be unified in style and linked with each other, and it will be like watching a light and shadow music show all the way." As the opening of the whole "Music Show", the lighting of Building No.5 in Vision City has become a top priority.

On the 25th, all-media reporters from Hubei Daily visited the community and found that the lighting of Building No.5 was different from other buildings-instead of "carving" the edge of the building with light strips, thousands of LED sodium lamps were used to lay the wall all the way from the first floor to the top floor. According to the person in charge of the lighting work in the district, similar construction will be carried out for the three high-rise buildings next to the building. After the completion, all the LED lights of the four buildings will be on, which looks like four huge LED screens standing in the air from a distance. "You can change fonts, project images, and then reflect the LOGO of the military games. The visual effect is very shocking."

Reportedly, different from other places, the district has established the idea of "government-led, enterprise participation and residents’ recognition" from the beginning of building lighting, and mobilized real estate developers of various buildings to actively participate in lighting construction. With the joint promotion of the District Construction Bureau and the District Urban Management Committee, this idea has won strong support from real estate developers along the line. Lin Yongzhi, the project manager of Wuhan Jinyintan Real Estate Co., Ltd., the developer of Vision City Community, said that according to the requirements of the Executive Committee of the Military Games, there are 8 buildings in the company that need lighting, with a total investment of nearly 3 million yuan, all of which will be borne by the company. "As a private enterprise registered in the airport, it is natural to support the Military Games, and the lighting project will greatly enhance the quality of the real estate and the visibility of the enterprise, and the investment is absolutely worthwhile."

However, lighting construction has also encountered resistance. According to Lin Yongzhi, although technical measures have been taken to optimize, some light will be injected into residents’ homes at night, resulting in light pollution. "At first, a few residents in Building No.5 did not understand and support this." After learning the news, the District Urban Management Committee, in conjunction with Jiangjun Road Street Office, organized neighborhood committees, industry committees and property management companies to take the initiative to visit to understand the situation and listen to public opinions. On the one hand, they fully understood the reasonable demands of residents, appropriately optimized the lighting design scheme and lighting time, and reduced the impact on residents’ lives; On the other hand, the relevant knowledge of the military games was fully publicized, so that residents could understand its significance. Finally, the construction was successfully completed with the support of residents.

The relevant person in charge of the Airport Economic Development Zone said, "The Military Games is not a solo of the Party Committee and government, but a chorus of the whole people. I am very pleased that enterprises and residents in the jurisdiction can actively support and participate in the military games."

Precise supervision

"dialectics of speed" in sports center

Dongxihu Sports Center, with a total construction area of 145,000 square meters and an investment of about 2 billion yuan, is the largest livelihood project with single investment in this area. The project has a large volume, tight construction period and high social concern. At the beginning of the project, the main leaders of the Airport Economic Development Zone proposed to move forward the supervision gate, escort the project construction, and build the sports center into a clean government project, a popular project and a quality project.

At the beginning of 2016, the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Dongxihu District set up a special supervision class to station in the project, and conducted the whole supervision by attending the project meeting, visiting the project site regularly, and accessing relevant materials.

Ming Jiang, director of the investment and development department of the Airport Investment Group, who is in charge of the construction of the sports center, recalled that in March 2016, the group selected an exploration unit to conduct a preliminary exploration of the geological conditions of the land where the project is located through the bidding procedure, but in November 2016, when the project started the bidding work of the general contractor, some evaluation experts found signs of karst caves under the foundation from the preliminary exploration drawings. "Special exploration must be carried out to eliminate risks."

According to the normal engineering specifications, it is necessary to bid again, but it is bound to delay the time. "In order to save time, we ask whether we can directly designate the preliminary exploration unit to do special exploration?"

After learning this information, the Supervisory Committee of the District Commission for Discipline Inspection attached great importance to it and asked the special class to conduct research and judgment. After carefully studying the relevant professional materials and understanding the construction schedule, the special class determined that "the bidding must be re-invited, and the construction period can be unaffected as long as it is scientifically and reasonably arranged." In the end, Lingairdrop Group re-tendered and selected the exploration unit according to the relevant requirements, and optimized the exploration plan, saving nearly half of the exploration time and ensuring that the construction period was not affected.

The relevant person in charge of the Supervision Committee of the District Commission for Discipline Inspection said that the supervision pass should be moved forward "without vacancy, ultra vires, chaos and good control". "Only by selecting qualified exploration units through strict procedures can we ensure the smooth progress of the follow-up projects and not rework them because of procedural problems, so that the project construction can be’ slow and fast’." At present, 80% of all construction projects of the sports center have been completed and are progressing steadily as planned.

A boss in Zhejiang drove more than 5 thousand kilometers to visit many employees’ homes during the Spring Festival.

　　The day before yesterday (February 2nd), on the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, around 11 noon, Lin Zhigang Land Rover got off the expressway and returned to Haining.

　　Lin Zhigang is the general manager of Zhejiang Beilang Leather Industry Co., Ltd. From the beginning of the Lunar New Year, he, the driver and the personnel manager of the company drove southwest by car and went to remote mountain villages in Yunnan and Sichuan to pay New Year greetings to more than 30 employees’ families.

　　This trip covered more than 5,000 kilometers.

　　It is not easy for employees to come out to work.

　　I hope their lives will be more exciting.

　　On the way back to Haining, it took 31 hours because of traffic jam. In just six days, the three traveled back and forth for more than 5,000 kilometers, paying tribute to more than 30 employees’ families. Lin Zhigang said that although he was tired, he gained a lot during this New Year’s greetings.

　　"The mountain people are warm and hospitable, and they really treat us with the courtesy of VIPs." Lin Zhigang said that the mountains are poor in materials and monotonous in ingredients. The newly slaughtered pigs need to be smoked and dried for a whole year, but they bring out all the bowls.

　　In fact, in the Spring Festival of 2013, Lin Zhigang also went to the southwest to celebrate the New Year for employees’ families, which was the second time.

　　"After four years, I want to see if their family has changed, how their living conditions are, and most importantly, I want to make my family feel at ease, at ease and happy." Lin Zhigang said that the company has more than 100 employees, most of whom are between 25 and 30 years old, and 70% of them are from Yunnan and Sichuan. They all leave their homes to work in Haining, and it is not easy to go back once a year.

　　"Most of the employees’ homes are in the mountains, and many of them are rough houses. They haven’t got running water and the conditions are very poor. Young and middle-aged people come out to work, leaving the elderly with children. These left-behind children are very distressing. "

　　"I hope that enterprises can do better and better and make employees’ lives more exciting." To Lin Zhigang’s delight, in recent years, many employees have saved money, bought cars and can drive home for the Spring Festival, and the conditions are getting better and better.

　　Lin Zhigang said that Belang Leather was established in 2004. Thanks to the support of employees and providing stable technology, "employees are the precious wealth of enterprises."

　　"My company doesn’t have to go to the talent market to recruit people. It is brought by old employees from their hometown. It is very stable and practical." Lin Zhigang is very proud of this. "Many young employees know, get married and have children in Belang. Now there are dozens of couples. We are a big family with love."

　　After arriving home the afternoon before yesterday, Lin Zhigang, who felt deeply, sent a message in the company’s WeChat group: "Thank you for your hospitality in Sichuan and Yunnan! This trip made me deeply feel that it is not easy for employees in remote areas to come out to work … …”

　　It was already past 11 o’clock in the middle of the night when I arrived.

　　Had a "midnight meal" at the employee’s house.

　　On January 28th, at 6: 00 a.m. on the first day of the first month, Lin Zhigang filled up the car and set off from Haining with the driver and the company’s personnel manager. The employees in his company went back to their hometown on January 21st.

　　Lin Zhigang planned the route and decided to go to Linshui County, Guang ‘an, Sichuan, then Yibin, then Zhaotong, Yunnan, and finally Qujing.

　　After driving for 17 hours, they finally arrived in Linshui County, Guang ‘an. It was past 11 o’clock that night when we reached the neighboring water. Master Wen’s family has been guarding the door for a long time. Seeing the boss arrive safely, Master Wen immediately greeted him warmly, heated the meal and invited everyone to have a "midnight meal".

　　Master Wen is a designer of handbag technology. He has joined the company for 11 years and is definitely an old front-line employee.

　　Lin Zhigang praised Master Wen in front of his family. "Not only is the plate-making skill excellent, but people are also down-to-earth." He also paid a New Year call to his family. "I wish your family happiness, peace and health!"

　　Master Wen’s family was particularly moved. After dinner, everyone took a photo in the living room.

　　Neighbors came to watch the fun.

　　The employees feel that Beier has face.

　　The next morning, Lin Zhigang set out for Yibin City again. After driving for more than five hours, they came to a small mountain village. There are five or six employees here, all brought out by one of the old employees.

　　Lin Zhigang bought fruits and gift boxes in the town, and a family went to pay a New Year call.

　　Land Rover luxury cars are rarely seen in mountain villages. Neighbors are surprised to hear that Haining’s big boss is coming to pay New Year greetings to employees’ families, and they come to watch the excitement, which can make employees in Lin Zhigang feel that Beier has face.

　　Lin Zhigang’s third stop was a mountain village in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, where Berang’s front-line employees are most concentrated, with more than 20 households. Every family here is warmly greeted with each other, so it’s lively and warm to keep Lin Zhigang and them for dinner. Lin Zhigang sent a New Year greeting gift and gave every old man and child a red envelope.

　　Panshan highway is difficult to drive.

　　But no matter how hard it is, I have to go and see it.

　　On the fourth day of the first month, Lin Zhigang decided to go to a small mountain village in Huize County, Qujing.

　　Zhou Xiangcheng, 28 years old, has been working in Belang for more than 5 years. He is a front-line quality inspector. His home is in the mountains of Shuizishu Village, Xinjie Township, Huize County, Qujing, and it is also the last stop of Lin Zhigang’s trip.

　　At first, I heard that the boss was coming, and Xiao Zhou refused all the time. "The Panshan Road here is very difficult to open, with a great slope, and there is a muddy road that is potholed and afraid of danger." "It’s all nearby, no matter how hard it is." Lin Zhigang is determined to go.

　　When they arrived, Xiao Zhou and his parents were still doing farm work in the field: leveling the land for farming in the spring.

　　"At first, I told my parents that they couldn’t believe it. I was particularly moved to see the boss really coming." Xiao Zhou said that the boss ran so far to pay New Year’s greetings, which was beyond material comparison.

　　Xiao Zhou was introduced to Belang by her sister. She worked for more than five years and married a wife in the company. Now her daughter is over three years old and her wife is pregnant with a second child.

　　"The company has food and shelter, and the living conditions are many times better than those in our mountains." Xiao Zhou said that at present, he has a salary of about 4,000 yuan a month, which can save a lot. He also bought a van, and this Spring Festival brought five fellow villagers home together.

　　Xiao Zhou’s hometown is still a tile-roofed house. There is a 90-year-old grandmother in the world. Her parents are farming at home, and they live by growing potatoes, corn and raising some cattle and sheep. Her 13-year-old sister is still studying.

　　Parents are especially happy to hear that the boss recognizes their son’s work performance. "My mother kept giving them food, and I was embarrassed." Xiao Zhou said that there is no supermarket in the mountains, but they have slaughtered chickens and pigs in advance and prepared fresh vegetables in the fields.

　　"I hope I can take my parents down the mountain and show them the outside world." Xiao Zhou likes Haining very much and wants to take root in Haining with his wife. Then he will bring his children to school. "This is my dream."

　　Lin Zhigang was moved and admired. "The young man is very hardworking and filial. It is not easy to help with farming at home during the New Year."

Suspected of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy？ The eight major tests are coming.

▼ The author of this article ▼

　

　

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease with unknown causes, characterized by asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, which usually means that the thickness of ventricular septum or left ventricular wall measured by echocardiography is ≥15mm, or the thickness of patients with a clear family history is ≥13mm, the ventricular cavity becomes smaller, the left ventricular blood filling is blocked, and the left ventricular diastolic compliance decreases. It is necessary to exclude the thickening of left ventricular wall caused by increased load such as hypertension, aortic stenosis and congenital aortic subvalvular diaphragm.

　

How to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

　

01exertional dyspnea

　

The most common symptom, about 90% or more will show this symptom.

　

02chest pain

　

Many patients will show fatigue chest pain, or atypical pain may continue to occur at rest or after meals, but coronary angiography is normal.

　

03Syncope or threatened syncope

　

About 15%-25% of patients have had at least one syncope or threatened syncope, which is usually seen during activity.

　

04Other symptoms

　

Dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, etc., some patients are at high risk of sudden death, and some patients have symptoms of heart failure in the late stage.

　

05pathological/bodily sign

　

Patients with no or mild obstruction often have no obvious signs, but patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction often have heart murmurs, especially after the first heart sound, which are obviously increasing and decreasing, especially between the apex of the heart and the left edge of the sternum.

　

　

Some tests are needed to assist the diagnosis in clinic.

　

01x-ray examination

　

X-ray examination has no obvious characteristics. The size of the heart may be normal, or the left atrium and left ventricle may be enlarged. The size of the heart is directly proportional to the pressure gradient between the heart and the outflow tract of the left ventricle. The greater the pressure gradient, the larger the heart. Aorta does not widen, pulmonary artery segment does not protrude obviously, pulmonary congestion is mostly light, and right ventricular enlargement may occur in the late stage.

　

02electrocardiogram

　

Because of cardiac ischemia, abnormal myocardial repolarization, left ventricular or biventricular hypertrophy and ST-T changes are common, atrioventricular block and left bundle branch block are also common, and sometimes deep and inverted T wave or abnormal Q wave can be seen, this disease often has various types of arrhythmia.

　

03ultrasonic cardiogram

　

It is of great significance for the diagnosis of HCM. The main performances are:

　

① Abnormal thickening of ventricular septum, and the thickness of ventricular septum at the end of diastole is > 15 mm..

　

② The motion amplitude of interventricular septum decreased obviously, generally ≤ 5 mm..

　

③ The ratio of ventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness can reach 1.5-2.5:1, and it is generally considered that the ratio > 1.5: 1 has diagnostic significance.

　

④ The left ventricular end systolic diameter is smaller than normal, and the blood flow velocity of left ventricular outflow tract is accelerated.

　

⑤ The distance between the interventricular septum and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve is often significantly reduced at the start of contraction.

　

⑥ The systolic phase of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve moves forward, approaches the interventricular septum, and ends before the second heart sound.

　

⑦ Aorta closed in the middle systole.

　

04dynamic electrocardiogram

　

All patients have perfect 24-hour ECG monitoring, in order to evaluate whether there is ventricular arrhythmia and judge the cause of palpitation or syncope.

　

05Cardiac magnetic resonance

　

High sensitivity, but high cost. Myocardial fibrosis can also be found.

　

06Coronary angiography

　

Coronary angiography should be evaluated if the patient has angina pectoris or persistent ventricular arrhythmia.

　

07Cardiac catheterization

　

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is suspected, but the clinical manifestations and imaging examination are different; It needs to be differentiated from constrictive pericarditis; Preoperative evaluation of heart transplant patients.

　

08Gene detection

　

Most patients often have a family history and have genetic mutations.

　

　

Complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

　

01arrhythmia

　

Ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation are common, and in severe cases, there are ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, which can cause sudden cardiac death in severe cases.

　

02arterial embolism

　

The common site is the left atrial appendage, and it can also form thrombus in the left ventricle, which can cause arterial embolism after the thrombus falls off.

　

03cardiac failure

　

Due to myocardial hypertrophy, the compliance of ventricular relaxation is reduced, which can cause left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increase left ventricular end diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure in the early stage. With the progress of the disease, it may be accompanied by left ventricular dilatation and contraction dysfunction, resulting in severe heart failure symptoms.

　

　

Image source of this article: Photo Network

　

Author’s introduction

　

Xu Hui

　

Xuzhou Central Hospital

　

Attending physician of cardiology department

　

Introduction:Master’s degree, graduated from the Department of Cardiology, Yangzhou University, worked in the 3A hospital for several years, and mastered the diagnosis and treatment of various common diseases in cardiology, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, valvular disease, heart failure and other diseases.

　

Stone shed in southern Liaoning： the mysterious remains of prehistoric civilization

　　Tang Jian, doctor of engineering, professor, first-class registered architect. Dean of the School of Architecture and Art of Dalian University of Technology, visiting scholar of the School of Architectural Planning of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been engaged in the cultural research of traditional settlements and heritage buildings in Northeast China for a long time, as well as the research on the protection and renovation of existing buildings. Undertake and participate in five national-level projects such as the research topic of major projects of central universities, the research on architectural heritage and its cultural driving role under the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, and one project of Liaoning liberal arts development think tank; He has published five books, such as History and Theory of Architectural Environmental Design.

　　Xiaoguantun shipeng

　　Baidianzi shipeng

　　Shipenggou shipeng

　　Shipengshan shipeng

　　Shimucheng shipeng

　　The pictures in this edition are all information pictures.

　　 　Stone shed is the product of the early megalithic culture in human society. This form of megalithic architecture is widely distributed all over the world, such as Europe, Africa and Asia. Although there are different shapes of stone sheds in different places, the most basic shape is to use multiple stones or slabs as support and build a cover stone at the top. There are different names for the stone shed, which is called Dolmen in English and transliterated as "Dolmen". Some foreign scholars think that the stone shed is similar to the stone-accumulating tomb and the stone-covered tomb and belongs to the category of stone-supporting tomb, so it is called stone-supporting tomb or directly called stone-covered tomb, while in Europe it is often called "stone table" or "stone platform" because of its modeling characteristics. China is usually called a stone shed, but different places have their own names, such as "Gusao Stone" and "Shimiaozi".

　　 　Stone shed buildings in China are mostly distributed in Northeast China and Zhejiang, and there are also a few remains in other areas, such as Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces. Stone sheds in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in southern Liaoning, and it is recognized by academic circles that they were built from the late Neolithic period to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and belong to the same system as the stone tombs in the Korean Peninsula and Japan. The stone shed in southern Liaoning has a complete preservation system and can be regarded as the representative of stone shed architecture in China.

　　 　Stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning have long been recorded in ancient Chinese literature. The "Guanshi Xiangrui" discovered in Xiangping (now Liaoyang) during the reign of Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms mentioned: "There are three small stones in the Yanli Society in Xiangping, which are long and long. Or "degree": ‘ This Han Xuandi crowned the auspicious stone. ’” From the description, it can be seen that the "crown stone" in this paper is a stone shed, which is supported by three small stones. Later, a more detailed record about the stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning is the Records of the Walking Department of the Yajiang River written by Wang Ji, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, who toured the Liaodong area: "I have traveled to the stone chamber in the Western Hills, and I have climbed a stone, which can be three feet in vertical and horizontal directions, and it is two feet thick. The end is flat and smooth, and it looks like a chess game. Its lower wall stands three stones, which are as high and wide as it is, and it is as deep as it is, and there is no axe gouging marks. It is impossible to do it without magic and ingenuity. What is described is the stone shed in wafangdian city, Dalian today. It can be seen that the concern and understanding of stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning has existed since ancient times.

　　Stonehenge architecture and stone shed architecture

　　 　Stonehenge architecture is the main expression of ancient human worship of nature, and it is a unique architectural type in primitive times. Stonehenge architecture refers to buildings built with huge stones. The famous stonehenge architecture includes: the Pyramid of Giza, the Sun Gate of Tiavanaco City, the Stonehenge of Jutz Mountain, the Karnak Stonehenge, the stone statue of Easter Island and the stone shed. Nature worship, ancestor and reproductive worship and totem worship widely exist in primitive civilizations all over the world, which constitute the world outlook and outlook on life of primitive natural monotheism. Stone shed architecture mostly appears in mountainous areas, and the materialized form and material support of natural gods produced by huge stones reflect the initial state of natural religion.

　　 　In primitive society, the low level of human production and poor living environment naturally provided the basic support for human survival. Mountains provide all kinds of food, and caves became the earliest residence of the ancients, providing survival support and shelter for primitive humans. Therefore, in the long primitive society, the ancients had motherly dependence and affection for mountains. At the same time, the towering peaks and strange rocks of the mountains inspire awe, and the physical rigidity of the rocks has the eternal attribute of immortality, thus becoming the object of sacrifice and worship of primitive human beings. In the cruel living environment, it gradually gave birth to the worship of natural forces, which became the starting point of power, and gave birth to the stone shed architecture that seems to be impossible to achieve with the ability and technology at that time, showing the powerful emotional appeal of weak life in the worship of God. Sacrifice and pray through the stone shed to pray for the protection of the gods. In this process, primitive human beings also transformed from simple emotions to advanced complex emotions, and constantly achieved the artistic form of stone shed architecture.

　　 　The construction of giant stone buildings such as stone sheds exceeded the limit of human construction ability at that time, which reflected the highest state of primitive human vitality and productivity, and was an abnormal performance of human pursuit of natural forces. The aesthetic experience accompanied by each other is also displayed in the construction of megalithic buildings. The sublime and solemn shock, the divinity connected with heaven and earth, the continuous evolution of construction technology and the gradual formation of architectural modeling all reflect the original concept and technical development trend of early architecture.

　　 　The construction of the stone shed reflects the continuous improvement of the spiritual pursuit of the primitive ancestors and is endowed with rich social connotations. First of all, the construction of the stone shed embodies the social transformation of early human beings, condenses the centripetal force of tribal groups, and helps ancient ancestors to overcome the psychological crisis caused by the contradiction between human spirit and natural existence in the development of early human social civilization, and also resolves the internal contradictions of clans and tribes. Secondly, the formation of ancient ancestors’ simple view of heaven and man. "Harmony between man and nature" is one of the sources of philosophical thoughts in Chinese traditional culture. Stone sheds have the functions of both burial and sacrifice, which can be related to the idea of "harmony between man and nature". For people, stone sheds are tombs for burying ancestors. To God, the stone shed is an altar to worship heaven and earth. There is a tradition of ancestor worship and heaven worship in China culture for a long time. It is considered that ancestors and heaven and earth are equally important, and it is also the mapping of "the unity of heaven and man". This thought puts man and nature at the same level, and integrates the worship of natural forces with the worship of human beings themselves.

　　Geographical and Cultural Situation in Southern Liaoning Province

　　 　Southern Liaoning is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province, south of the connection line between Liaohe Estuary and Yalu Estuary, and extends between the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The Qian Shan Mountains run through from northeast to southwest, and within the area of 10 to 20 kilometers near the sea, it is a hilly area with an elevation below 300 meters, with isolated peaks along the coast and narrow plains along the northwest and northeast coasts. Rivers are densely distributed. Important rivers such as Dayang River, Yingna River, Biliu River and Dashahe River are injected into the Yellow Sea, while Daqing River, Xiongyue River and Fuzhou River are injected into the Bohai Sea.

　　 　Southern Liaoning is also a region where Neolithic culture is concentrated in China. About 25 Neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in and around the region, including cultural sequences such as Hongshan Culture, Xiaozhushan culture, Xinglongwa Culture and Xinle culture. The Neolithic cultural sites exclusively belonging to southern Liaoning mainly include Xiaozhushan site, Shangmashi site, Wujiacun site, guo jia cun site, Santangcun site and Dapanjiacun site.

　　 　Through the archaeological study on the stratigraphic relationship and accumulation characteristics of Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the horizontal comparison with the surrounding Neolithic culture sequence, we can know that there is an obvious relationship between Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the surrounding Neolithic culture, and the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning was mainly influenced by Xinle lower culture, Houwa lower culture and Machengzi lower culture in the early stage. In the middle period, it exchanged ideas with Zuojiashan upper culture, Houwa upper culture and some local types of Dawenkou culture in Shandong Peninsula. In the later period, it was impacted by Longshan culture. Therefore, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning is not as rare as imagined, and there is no cultural system. On the contrary, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning has a clear continuity and a long-lasting cultural sequence. Only in this culture can human beings begin to form primitive religions, including boulder worship, and generate social impulses to build boulder buildings, which provides a social foundation for the emergence of boulder buildings such as stone sheds.

　　Construction age of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Any historical remains will have traces left by its historical dynasty at that time, and archaeologists rely on the judgment of these traces to determine the age and time of cultural relics. In prehistoric times without written records, it is impossible to determine its absolute age, but it is replaced by a relative age. We can speculate by the chronological relationship between the relics and relics of the same period, that is, the chronological age of cultural relics.

　　 　As for the construction time of stone sheds in southern Liaoning, the main point of view now is that the time range is roughly from the late Neolithic Age to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, for the construction time of a specific stone shed, it is impossible to estimate the specific time range of a specific stone shed independently because of the damage of the stone shed and the few unearthed artifacts, and there is no clear written record. At present, the unearthed artifacts related to stone sheds in southern Liaoning mainly include curved broad-leaf sword with big arc blade, straight-mouth cylindrical pot, red pottery pot with sand drum, stone spinning wheel, etc., and curved neck pot unearthed in Tuotou cemetery in Jiacun and Gaishi tomb in Biliuhe River. By sorting the above objects, we can get a complete development order, and finally infer that the approximate time stage of stone shed in southern Liaoning was earlier than 3000 years ago, and it can be determined that other stone buildings in southern Liaoning, such as stone-covered tombs and stone-piled tombs, may appear later than stone sheds. Therefore, stone sheds are considered to be the earliest form of stone buildings in southern Liaoning.

　　Who built the stone shed in southern Liaoning?

　　 　At present, there is no conclusion about the clan to which Shipeng belongs in southern Liaoning, but it is generally believed that it is related to the branch of the ancient Dongyi nationality, Northeast Yi.

　　 　The relatively reasonable explanation for the origin of the Northeast Yi in southern Liaoning is the migration theory, that is, the population of Jiaodong Peninsula and other coastal areas around the Bohai Sea migrated to southern Liaoning and combined with local culture, including the passive migration of events such as ji zi’s eastward crossing. According to the Book of Yizhoushu Wang Huipian, "there are solitary bamboo, Tuhe, Yu people, Qingqiu and Zhoutou in Dongyi" and so on. However, Dr. Kong Chao, a doctor of the Five Classics of Jin Dynasty, thinks that the above-mentioned ministries of Dongyi should be subdivided into Northeast Yi, among which "Qingqiu" is the area east of Bohai Sea as stated in Kong Chao’s annotation "Yi Zhou Shu Wang Hui Pian", and according to the faithful annotation, "Qingqiu country is in Haidong 300 Li", so it can be considered that the distance between Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula is exactly "300 Li". With the integration of Lai culture and Qi culture into Chinese culture, some Yi people moved eastward to the Korean Peninsula and other places via Liaodong Peninsula, and the Yi culture also spread to these areas on the Korean Peninsula.

　　 　It is not known which tribes the shiphouses in southern Liaoning belonged to at that time, but the most likely one is the Yi nationality, which was a minority living in northeast China in ancient China and first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main production modes of the raccoon people are agriculture and fishing and hunting. The representative artifacts of the Yi nationality are curved-edged bronze dagger and coarse-grained pottery, which are close to the shape of the cultural relics unearthed in the megalithic architectural relics in southern Liaoning. Moreover, the burial system of the Yi people should be based on stone burial utensils and cremation, which coincides with the ablated human bones unearthed in the double-room stone shed group. According to this, the clan of Shipeng in southern Liaoning is most likely built by the Yi nationality of Northeast Yi and its later-formed Yi nationality.

　　The use of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Archaeological research holds that the stone shed architecture has two functions: burial and sacrifice, and it combines the primitive religious views of nature worship, ancestor worship and totem worship in primitive society. There are three opinions on the use of the stone shed architecture in domestic archaeology: one is the altar with mysterious symbols used by the ancients for religious sacrifice; The second is the public activity place in primitive society; The third is the tomb. In recent years, domestic archaeologists tend to think that stone sheds are "tombs", that is, stone shed tombs.

　　 　Stone shed architecture reflects the prehistoric ancestors’ understanding of themselves and the world, with a very strong expression of ideas, expressing the desire to communicate with the gods of heaven and earth. At that time, with great enthusiasm beyond their own abilities, the ancestors struggled to find suitable stone materials, transported them long distances and carefully planned their construction. Among them, the stone roof of Shipeng Mountain in Gaizhou weighed 60 tons, which fully reflected the transformation of human spiritual strength into great behavioral strength and created a great building that was amazed by later generations. As a result, the stone shed created an early place for human sacrifice, and through the conquest of huge stones, it reflected the dedication and worship to nature, rallied people’s hearts, showed their existence to nature, gained more benefits, and established the special life value and significance of human beings in the wild nature.

　　 　According to research, there are cremation and burial customs in some tribes of the Yi nationality in Northeast China, and important clan and tribal leaders will stay for a period of time and then be cremated, which can last up to half a year. When the remains were cremated, the stone shed had been built, and the cremated remains were moved to the stone shed tomb, mostly in Ming or shallow burial. There are open spaces in front of large stone sheds, which can be used as crematoriums at first, and then as sacrificial places. According to archaeological analysis, the earliest stone sheds were mostly large stone sheds, and then smaller stone sheds appeared; And there will be stone-covered tombs or stone-supported tombs around some big stone sheds, which shows that clan tombs are gradually formed with big stone sheds as the core. Taking Shipenggou Stone Shed Group in Pulandian as an example, according to the archaeological excavation data in 1980s, it can be known that its site is a large stone shed and three small stone sheds, and the four stone sheds are all supported by three-sided wall stones and covered with stones at the top. The big stone shed is north-south, and the other three small stone sheds all face the big stone shed. According to the site conditions, the positions of the three small stone sheds and the big stone sheds are different from the burial methods. Although the principles and methods of this layout are not known yet, the special orientation and position relationship shows the social relationship of the primitive clan and tribe of the stone shed tombs in Shipenggou.

　　 　However, there are no archaeological discoveries of tombs in several large stone sheds in southern Liaoning, and no tombs in general have been found around the stone sheds. Obviously, the function of a single tomb cannot fully explain the purpose of the stone sheds. No matter in China or other countries, because there are no corresponding written records in the Stonehenge cultural sites and the remains are not enough to explain their use, the use of most Stonehenge cultural sites is still inconclusive. Similarly, the exact use of stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning cannot be generalized, and the purpose of building stone shed buildings is still a mystery. However, whether it is used for tombs or sacrifices, the construction of stone sheds is the ideological embodiment of primitive religious worship of ancient ancestors, from which we can feel the simple and traditional view of heaven and man of ancient ancestors.

　　Types of stone sheds in southern Liaoning

　　 　According to the scale, stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning can be divided into three types: large stone shed, medium stone shed and small stone shed. Their respective characteristics are as follows:

　　 　Large stone shed, the height of the stone shed is more than 2 meters, and the length and width of the top stone are more than 4 meters. The stone materials used are all chiseled and finely made. The wall stone of the shed leans inward, and the cover stone extends out of the wall stone to form a larger shed eaves, and the wall and the cover are neatly nested. Large stone sheds often exist alone at the top of hills and terraces. Typical cases are Shi Peng in Shimucheng, Haicheng, Shi Peng Shan, gaizhou city, Tai Zi, wafangdian city, and Shi Peng in Jiantang, Pulandian.

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, the scale is between large stone shed and small stone shed, the height is about 1.5 meters, and the top stone is about 2-4 meters long and wide. The cover stone of the stone shed extends out of the wall stone, and the stone materials are slightly processed, which is not very regular, and the fitting between the wall stone and the cover stone is not very close. On the whole, the medium-sized stone shed is close to the large stone shed, but it is not as neat and fine as it is. This kind of stone shed is mainly distributed on the lower platform or flat land. Its representatives mainly include Xiaoguantun Stone Shed in Jinzhou District and Shuangta Taizi Stone Shed in Pulandian District.

　　 　Small stone shed, small-scale stone shed, the general height is about 1 meter, and the top stone is about 2 meters long and wide. There are few traces of stone processing, the wall stone is upright, the wall stone and the cover stone are irregularly nested with each other, most of the cover stone does not extend out of the wall stone, and the shed tends to be square. Most of these stone sheds are distributed on low platforms or flat land, mostly flat land, while others are distributed in rows to form stone sheds. Its representatives are shuangfang stone shed in Pulandian District, Xinglong stone shed in Xiuyan County and Lianyunzhai stone shed in gaizhou city.

　　Typical representative of shipeng in southern Liaoning

　　 　1. Shipengshan Shipeng

　　 　The large stone shed, located on the gentle circular platform on the north bank of Nanfu River in Shipeng Village, Ertaizi Farm, gaizhou city, Liaoning Province, is 56 meters above sea level and was once used as a temple. It is made of granite stone, and the inner and outer walls, sides and corners of each slate are processed and polished regularly. The overall direction of the stone shed is 4 degrees east of south. The top stone is about 8.6 meters long from north to south, 5.7 meters wide from east to west, and the thickest can reach 0.55 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.3 meters high, and the north wall stone is about 2.8 meters high and 2.3 meters high.

　　 　Shipengshan Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1993 and became a national cultural relics protection unit in 1996. This stone shed is currently the largest existing stone shed in China.

　　 　2. Stone shed in Shimucheng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located on the platform about 50 meters high in Shishan Mountain, the former sister-in-law of Shimu Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, and the Haicheng River is 600 meters west. The original two stone sheds here are commonly known as "Sister-in-law Stone", and the one on the mountain is Sister-in-law Stone under the mountain, and the existing one is Sister-in-law Stone. The whole stone shed faces 36 degrees east of south. The top stone is square, about 6 meters long from north to south, about 5.1 meters wide and 0.5 meters thick, and the overall height is 2.8 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.2 meters high, the north wall stone is about 2.7 meters high and 2.2 meters high, and the south wall stone is 1.6 meters long and 1.1 meters wide respectively.

　　 　The stone shed of Shimucheng is made of granite stone, with fine workmanship and accurate nesting. The door stone does not pass through the top, but only plays a role in space limitation. There are a lot of circular marks on the inner side of the west wall stone and the top of the south gate stone. Most documents think that it may be used to record the number of sacrifices or the number of sacrifices. It is also speculated that the early astronomical observation ability may have been available at that time, but it was confirmed by field research that the stone was dripping for many years before mining, which was confirmed by a large number of mountain streams and caves found in the mountains around the stone shed.

　　 　Shimucheng Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1963, and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2001. The stone shed is the earliest existing above-ground building in China.

　　 　3. Shipenggou Shipeng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located at the top platform in the north of Shipengzitun, Jiantang Township, pulandian city, Dalian, about 1.5 kilometers northeast of Biliu River, with an altitude of about 265 meters and a relative height of about 16 meters. The stone shed faces north and south as a whole, and it is a large stone shed supported by three walls. The top stone of the shed is about 6 meters long, 4 meters wide and 0.6 meters thick. The east and west wall stones are about 2.2 meters long and 1.2 meters high, and the north wall stones are about 2.6 meters long and 1.2 meters high.

　　 　The stone shed is made of granite, and the processing accuracy of stone is lower than that of the stone shed in Shipengshan and Shimucheng. There is a stone structure 80 cm away from the southern end of the western wall stone, which is suspected to be a "stepped stone". In order to protect the overall structure of the stone shed, reinforcement measures were taken at the southwest corner of the top stone. Shipenggou stone shed is a stone shed community, with 1 big shed and 3 small sheds, all of which are not completely preserved, and their structures are obviously different from those of the big shed. There is an obvious relationship between the three small stone sheds and the big stone shed, which is likely to be a high-standard stone shed group established by a large clan tribe.

　　 　Shipenggou Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 2003 and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2013.

　　 　4. Xiaoguantun Stone Shed

　　 　The medium-sized stone shed is located about 1km east of Xiangying Street, Xiangying Town, Jinzhou District, Dalian, with an altitude of 60m and a distance of 1.3km east from the river. The whole stone shed is in the east-west direction, which is the southernmost stone shed among the existing stone sheds in southern Liaoning. There were two stone sheds, namely "big stone shed" and "small stone shed", and the existing one is "small stone shed". The top stone of Xiaoshipong is about 4 meters long and 2.5 meters wide, and the thickness is about 0.4 meters. The east wall stone is about 2 meters wide, but the east wall stone is about 1.3 meters high, the west wall stone is only 0.2 meters long, and the north wall stone is about 1.1 meters high and 2.7 meters long.

　　 　The site of Xiaoguantun shed is relatively flat and surrounded by mountains. The stone shed is polished with granite as a whole, but the overall machining accuracy and grinding fineness are much lower than those of the first three large stone sheds, and the stone texture is poor. Its top stone is arranged in an approximate rectangle in the east-west direction. Among the four wall stones, only the east wall stone is well preserved, and the north and west wall stones are greatly damaged, and the south wall stone is no longer available. Because the existing height of the western wall stone is lower than that of the eastern wall stone, the overall top stone is higher in the east and lower in the west. The overall preservation of Xiaoguantun stone shed is not ideal, and the damage is serious.

　　 　Xiaoguantun Stone Shed was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 2008, and now a theme cultural park with it as the core has been built to protect and publicize it.

　　 　5. Baidianzi Shipeng

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, located on the hillside about 1 km north of Baijiadian Village, Wulu Town, Dalian, where rivers pass on both sides. Baidianzi Stone Shed originally had two stone sheds, one large and one small, so it was also called Gusaoshi in the local area. The larger Sisaoshi was destroyed, and the existing stone shed was smaller as Gushi, which is still the configuration of double stone sheds.

　　 　Baidianzi stone shed is made of granite, with four walls, paving stones and roof stones. The top stone is nearly square with a length of about 4.5 meters and an average thickness of about 0.5 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.5 meters long, and the north-south wall stone is about 2 meters long. The roof stone of the shed is inclined to be low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The stone shed is well preserved except for the gap in the east wall stone. The overall polishing and splicing fineness of stone sheds is still lower than that of the three stone sheds mentioned above.

　　 　Baidianzi Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 2007.

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　　 　The area with Liaohe River Basin as the core in Northeast China has always been regarded as one of the areas with highly developed primitive culture. After long-term archaeological excavation, it is found that the evolution and development of primitive culture in Northeast China are gradually clear, and an important link in the study of primitive culture in Liaodong Peninsula is the archaeological study of stone shed buildings.

　　 　Southern Liaoning has the most complete, largest and best-preserved stone shed architecture in the world, which contains rich spiritual connotation and far-reaching architectural value. The study of stone shed architecture plays a positive role in deeply understanding the formation of culture in Northeast China, exploring the original significance of architecture and enriching the historical and cultural connotation of the Chinese nation.

Regulations of Guangzhou Municipality on the Administration of Social Emergency Medical Care

The 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth People’s Congress of Guangzhou on November 29th, 1995 was approved by the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth People’s Congress of Guangdong Province on June 1st, 1996, and the 30th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of Guangzhou on October 29th, 2010 was revised for the first time on January 17th, 2011. The fourth meeting approved the amendment to the Standing Committee of the 16th Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress on August 19th, 2022 in accordance with the Decision on Amending Sixty-six Local Regulations such as Guangzhou Building Regulations due to Administrative Division Adjustment adopted at the 39th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress on May 20th, 2015 and approved at the 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress on December 3rd, 2015. The fifth meeting of the Committee was revised for the second time (approved at the 47th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress on November 30, 2022)

　　

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Network

　　Chapter III Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Treatment

　　Chapter IV Public First Aid

　　Chapter V Social Emergency Medical Security

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 In order to standardize the social emergency medical treatment, improve the social emergency medical service level, timely and effectively rescue critically ill patients, and ensure the health and life safety of citizens, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to social emergency medical activities and their supervision and management within the administrative area of this Municipality, including pre-hospital medical emergency and public emergency.

　　The term "pre-hospital medical first aid" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the medical activities that are carried out by medical institutions undertaking pre-hospital medical first aid tasks in accordance with the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, and are mainly based on on on-site rescue, emergency treatment in transit and monitoring before patients are delivered to medical institutions for treatment.

　　The term "public first aid" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the timely rescue of patients by social organizations and individuals at the scene of emergencies or accidental injuries.

　　Article 3 Social emergency medical care is a public welfare undertaking led by the government and an important part of social public safety and public health system.

　　The municipal and district people’s governments shall, according to the needs of national economic and social development, incorporate social emergency medical care into the development plan of health care, establish a stable funding and personnel security mechanism, and ensure the synchronous and coordinated development of social emergency medical care and social economy.

　　The Municipal People’s Government shall formulate the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality and make it public.

　　Article 4 The municipal health administrative department shall be responsible for the supervision and management of social emergency medical treatment within the administrative area of this Municipality, organize the implementation of these Regulations, and perform the following duties:

　　(a) to formulate and implement the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality;

　　(two) the preparation and implementation of the city’s pre-hospital medical emergency network planning and automated external defibrillator configuration planning;

　　(three) to formulate policies and standards related to social emergency medical care in this Municipality;

　　(four) to supervise, manage, evaluate and assess the social emergency medical work in this Municipality;

　　(five) to organize and carry out emergency medical security for major social activities and emergency medical rescue for emergencies;

　　(six) to formulate and organize the implementation of the annual plan for the popularization and training of social emergency medical knowledge and skills in this Municipality;

　　(seven) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　The district health administrative department is responsible for the supervision and management of social emergency medical work within its administrative area.

　　Development and reform, finance, civil affairs, public security, emergency management, planning and natural resources, transportation, education, market supervision and management, culture, radio and television tourism, human resources and social security, port, medical security, industry and information technology, communication management, government service data management, fire rescue, sports and other relevant administrative departments and units shall be responsible for social emergency medical related work within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 5 The health administrative department shall regularly organize publicity, education and training on first aid knowledge and skills for communities, rural areas, organs, enterprises and institutions, so as to enhance the public’s awareness of first aid and their ability of self-help and mutual rescue.

　　Newspapers, television, radio, internet and other media should publish and broadcast public service advertisements for social emergency medical care, publicize the spirit of saving lives to the public, and popularize the knowledge and skills of emergency medical care.

　　Schools should take various forms to publicize, educate and train teaching staff and students in first aid knowledge and skills.

　　Residents’ committees, villagers’ committees and property service enterprises shall assist in the publicity, education and training of first aid knowledge, and raise residents’ awareness of first aid.

　　Article 6 This Municipality shall strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Hongkong, Macao and surrounding cities in social emergency medical treatment, explore the establishment of cross-regional social emergency medical treatment cooperation mechanism, and promote the coordinated development of health and health undertakings in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　

Chapter II Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Network

　　Article 7 The pre-hospital medical emergency network of this Municipality is composed of emergency medical command institutions and "120" emergency network hospitals, as well as regional emergency medical centers established according to actual needs and emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall comprehensively consider the urban and rural layout, regional population, service radius, traffic conditions, distribution of medical institutions, reception capacity and other factors, prepare the pre-hospital medical emergency network planning of this Municipality, and report it to the Municipal People’s Government for approval before promulgation and implementation. The pre-hospital medical emergency network planning in this city is an important part of the special planning for the layout of medical facilities in this city, and it should follow the overall planning of land space, and the main contents involved in the spatial layout should be included in the detailed planning of land space.

　　Eighth emergency medical command institutions in this Municipality include the municipal emergency medical command center and the emergency medical command sub-centers established according to actual needs.

　　City Emergency Medical Command Center is responsible for the unified organization, command and dispatch of pre-hospital medical emergency within the administrative area of this Municipality. The emergency medical command sub-center is responsible for the organization, command and dispatch of pre-hospital medical emergency within its jurisdiction, and accepts the unified command and dispatch and business guidance of the municipal emergency medical command center.

　　Ninth emergency medical command institutions shall perform the following duties:

　　(a) set up a "120" call-for-help hotline, equipped with different levels of command and dispatch personnel such as call-for-help acceptance, dispatch and disposal, organization and command;

　　(two) the implementation of a 24-hour duty system, at any time to accept the call for help;

　　(three) timely dispatch instructions, and coordinate the problems encountered in pre-hospital medical emergency tasks;

　　(four) to be responsible for the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of the information received for emergency call for help, and to accept the application for inquiry;

　　(five) to organize training and assessment of command and dispatch personnel and emergency personnel, and to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency research and publicity and education;

　　(six) to manage the pre-hospital medical emergency network and ensure the normal operation of the command and dispatch communication system and the pre-hospital medical emergency network;

　　(seven) responsible for the supervision and deployment of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(eight) to assist the relevant government departments to carry out emergency medical security for major social activities and emergency medical rescue work for emergencies;

　　(nine) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　Article 10 Emergency medical command institutions shall comprehensively consider the population size, daily business volume of calling for help, the requirement of answering the national "120" call for help within 10 seconds and the actual needs of this Municipality, reasonably set up a corresponding number of "120" call for help lines, scientifically equip command and dispatch personnel, and ensure timely answering and handling of public call for help.

　　Command and dispatch personnel should be familiar with the basic situation of emergency medical knowledge and social emergency medical network, and have professional command and dispatch ability and level.

　　Eleventh municipal health administrative departments shall, jointly with the relevant departments, establish the "120" command platform in Guangzhou, and implement the dynamic information management of the pre-hospital medical emergency network.

　　The "120" command platform should have the functions of "120" emergency vehicle positioning, emergency number auxiliary positioning, computer-aided dispatching, remote data transmission, etc., and be connected with hospital information systems and emergency systems such as "110", "119" and "122" to realize information sharing and linkage.

　　Twelfth "120" emergency network hospital by the health administrative department in accordance with the city’s pre-hospital medical emergency network planning and the following requirements, organize experts to review and determine, and announced to the public:

　　(a) to meet the standards of general hospitals above grade two;

　　(two) an emergency department, and in accordance with the provisions with professional knowledge and skills of emergency medical practitioners, practical nurse;

　　(three) equipped with rescue ambulance, the car equipment and first-aid drugs, equipment in line with the configuration standards, and equipped with a stretcher;

　　(4) Having a sound emergency medical management system;

　　(5) Other requirements for undertaking pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall establish the exit mechanism of pre-hospital medical emergency network, and the specific rules shall be formulated by the municipal health administrative department.　　

　　Article 13 The "120" emergency network hospital shall set up a pre-hospital emergency group under the emergency department, set up a full-time pre-hospital medical emergency team, and be equipped with emergency personnel consisting of qualified medical practitioners, practical nurse, stretcher bearers and drivers trained and assessed by emergency medical command institutions, and take measures to encourage health technicians to engage in pre-hospital medical emergency work.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall, on the basis of the existing pre-hospital medical emergency network, set up a regional emergency medical center and a first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institution according to the actual situation of this Municipality. The first-aid stations directly under the regional emergency medical centers and emergency medical command institutions shall conform to the standards of the first-aid centers and first-aid stations in the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Basic Standards for the Establishment of Medical Institutions. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal health administrative department.

　　Fourteenth "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions shall perform the following duties:

　　(a) the implementation of the 24-hour consultation system;

　　(two) obey the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, complete the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks, and do a good job in the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of pre-hospital medical emergency information;

　　(three) the implementation of emergency medical operation norms;

　　(four) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, province and city, the daily management of "120" emergency vehicles and their emergency medical drugs, instruments, emergency equipment and medical personnel;

　　(five) strictly implement the emergency medical service price stipulated by the administrative department of medical security, and publicize the charging items and standards;

　　(six) the establishment and implementation of emergency doctors, nurses, stretchers, drivers pre-service and post training and education system, regularly carry out first aid training and drills;

　　(seven) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　Fifteenth regional emergency medical center, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station in addition to performing the duties stipulated in Article 14 of these regulations, should also perform special medical security, emergency medical rescue support and other duties.

　　The regional emergency medical center is responsible for the pre-hospital emergency training and quality management of the "120" emergency network hospital and the emergency station directly under the emergency medical command organization in the service area.

　　Article 16 In areas where medical resources are in short supply, the health administrative department may, according to the actual needs, determine that the local medical institutions meeting the requirements of Item 2, Item 3 and Item 4 of Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of these Regulations shall temporarily undertake the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　In rural areas where medical resources are in short supply, licensed assistant doctors who have passed the training and examination of emergency medical command institutions can participate in the implementation of pre-hospital medical emergency work.

　　Areas with shortage of medical resources shall be determined and adjusted by the municipal health administrative department in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and province.

　　Seventeenth medical and health institutions should organize their own medical staff to receive first aid training and assessment.

　　

Chapter III Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Treatment

　　Eighteenth pre-hospital medical emergency follow the principle of unified command and dispatch, rapid treatment.

　　Nineteenth emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall use unified pre-hospital medical emergency signs. Command and dispatch personnel, emergency personnel shall be in accordance with the provisions of dressing the.

　　The "120" emergency vehicle shall be painted with a unified first-aid logo in accordance with the regulations, and a unified alarm device shall be installed and used. "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall regularly inspect, inspect, maintain, update, clean and disinfect "120" emergency vehicles and their emergency medical instruments and equipment to ensure their good conditions.

　　Emergency medical command institutions shall be equipped with vehicles for emergency command, communication, material support and other purposes, and shall not be used for other purposes.

　　Twentieth "110", "119" and "122" and other emergency systems shall notify the emergency medical command organization within one minute after receiving the call for help.

　　Twenty-first emergency medical command institutions shall, in accordance with the principle of urgency and proximity, send dispatch instructions to the "120" emergency network hospital, regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institutions within one minute after the emergency information is answered; Command and dispatch personnel can give necessary first-aid guidance to those who call for help.

　　Twenty-second "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers or emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions shall dispatch "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel within three minutes after receiving the dispatching instructions from the emergency medical command institutions.

　　On the premise of ensuring traffic safety, emergency personnel should arrive at the emergency scene as soon as possible; Get in touch with the rescuers in time before arriving at the scene and give necessary first aid guidance.

　　First-aid personnel who encounter vehicle failure, traffic congestion, etc. on the way and are not expected to arrive at the first-aid scene within fifteen minutes after receiving the dispatching instruction shall immediately report to the emergency medical command organization and explain the situation to the emergency personnel. Emergency medical command institutions shall, according to the actual situation, assist emergency personnel to take measures such as asking the traffic management department of the public security organ for help, or dispatching other emergency vehicles to the emergency scene.

　　Twenty-third emergency personnel arrived at the scene, should ensure the safety of the rescue environment, in accordance with the norms of emergency medical operation immediately to treat patients.

　　On-site staff shall, within the scope of their duties, take measures to ensure the safety of the rescue environment and provide assistance and convenience for on-site first aid activities. On-site patients or their guardians or close relatives shall assist emergency personnel in relevant work.

　　If the emergency medical command organization cannot confirm the patient’s address or the emergency personnel cannot enter the scene to carry out first aid, it shall request the assistance of the public security organ or the fire rescue department; Public security organs, fire rescue and other departments shall provide timely assistance.

　　Article 24 If a patient needs to be sent to a medical institution for treatment after on-site disposal by emergency personnel, the emergency personnel shall follow the principle of being near, being urgent and meeting professional needs, and transfer the patient to a medical institution for timely treatment in combination with the wishes of the patient or his guardian or close relatives.

　　If the patient or his guardian or close relative requests to be sent to the designated medical institution, the emergency personnel shall inform him of the possible risks, and send the patient to the designated medical institution after the patient or his guardian or close relative signs to confirm that he will bear the risks himself.

　　Under any of the following circumstances, the emergency personnel have the right to decide to send the patient to the corresponding medical institution according to the principle of being near, urgent and meeting professional needs, and inform the reasons and truthfully record, and the patient or his guardian or close relatives shall cooperate:

　　(1) The patient is in critical condition or life-threatening;

　　(2) The distance between the medical institution required to be sent and the emergency scene is more than ten kilometers;

　　(three) the medical institution that is required to be sent does not have the corresponding treatment conditions;

　　(4) The patient or his guardian or near relative requests to be sent to the medical institution designated by him, but refuses to sign to confirm that he bears the risk himself;

　　(5) It is necessary to treat patients in isolation according to law;

　　(six) medical institutions designated by the government in response to emergencies;

　　(seven) there are special provisions in laws and regulations.

　　Twenty-fifth patients need to be transported to medical institutions for treatment after on-site disposal, and emergency personnel shall immediately notify the medical institutions to make preparations for treatment. Medical institutions do not have the corresponding treatment conditions, or patients and their guardians and close relatives choose to be sent to other medical institutions, emergency personnel shall immediately report to the emergency medical command organization. After receiving the report, the emergency medical command institution shall contact the medical institution in time to prepare for the treatment.

　　After the patient is sent to a medical institution, the emergency personnel shall handle the handover formalities with the medical institution in time, and the medical institution shall immediately treat the patient.

　　Twenty-sixth emergency medical command institutions in the distress information found that patients suspected of infectious diseases need special protection, it should guide patients to do a good job of protection, and immediately issued a dispatch instruction. The "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institution that receives the dispatching instruction shall promptly dispatch "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel that meet the protection requirements. First-aid personnel who find patients suspected of infectious diseases need special protection during on-site treatment shall immediately report to the emergency command organization and send the patients to the designated hospital. Where there are other provisions in laws and regulations, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Medical institutions shall not refuse to accept or delay the treatment of patients on the grounds of epidemic prevention and control. In case of refusing to receive or delaying the treatment of patients, emergency personnel shall immediately report the situation to the emergency medical command organization, which shall coordinate and deal with it in time; Patients or their guardians or close relatives can also call the "120" emergency number to reflect the situation. When necessary, the emergency medical command organization shall report the situation to the health administrative department in time, and the health administrative department shall deal with it in time.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate the medical emergency plan for emergencies within its administrative area. In the event of an emergency, the health administrative department shall set up a special emergency transport team according to the classification of the emergency medical emergency plan, and guide and standardize the social emergency medical treatment to ensure the smooth rescue channels. All kinds of medical institutions at all levels in the city shall, in accordance with the emergency response level, open a green channel for the treatment of critically ill patients, and accept the unified command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions to conduct on-site treatment and transshipment of patients.

　　Twenty-seventh emergency medical command institutions shall properly keep the "120" emergency hotline telephone recording, emergency call for help acceptance information and other information, and keep it for not less than three years. "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, and first-aid stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions on medical records management of medical institutions, do a good job in information recording and data storage in the process of on-site rescue, treatment during transit, and monitoring.

　　If the relevant units or individuals apply for inquiry and retrieval of the above information within the preservation period, the emergency medical command organization, the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization shall provide it with reference to the relevant provisions on medical record management of medical institutions.

　　Twenty-eighth prohibit the following acts of disrupting the order of pre-hospital medical emergency:

　　(a) fraudulent use of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions, and the name and first aid logo of "120";

　　(two) engaged in pre-hospital medical emergency activities in the name of counterfeit "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(three) unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to perform non-pre-hospital medical emergency tasks, or unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to transfer non-emergency patients;

　　(four) the use of "120" alarm and sign lamps when not performing emergency tasks;

　　(five) false distress information, malicious distress and other interference to the "120" emergency hotline;

　　(6) refusing to avoid or obstruct the passage of ambulances performing medical emergency tasks;

　　(seven) insult, threat, intimidation, abuse, injury, obstruction of emergency personnel, hinder the normal development of pre-hospital medical emergency work;

　　(eight) other acts that disrupt the pre-hospital medical emergency order and violate the provisions on public security management.

　　Article 29 The health administrative department shall supervise and inspect the emergency medical command institutions, regularly organize annual assessment of the "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and first-aid stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions, and announce the assessment results to the public; Those who fail the examination shall be ordered to make rectification within a time limit.

　　Thirtieth health administrative departments shall announce the emergency medical supervision telephone number to the public, accept reports and complaints, and deal with the reported and complained acts according to law. If it is a real name report or complaint, the health administrative department shall give a written reply to the informant or complainant in accordance with the regulations.

　　

Chapter IV Public First Aid

　　Thirty-first encourage people who need medical emergency to call the "120" emergency hotline and provide necessary help.

　　Encourage individuals who have the ability of first aid to carry out emergency on-site rescue for patients before the arrival of medical emergency personnel, and their emergency on-site rescue behavior is protected by law. The city explores the establishment of a mechanism for volunteers to participate in public first aid. The municipal health administrative department explores the establishment of a call platform for medical emergency volunteers, calling qualified medical emergency volunteers around the patient site to voluntarily participate in on-site rescue before the emergency personnel arrive.

　　Article 32 This Municipality shall establish a public first aid training system. The municipal health administrative department shall formulate a training plan and unify the training contents and assessment standards. Units and individuals to carry out social emergency medical training activities, should implement a unified training content and assessment standards.

　　The health administrative department, the emergency medical command organization and the Red Cross Society shall, in accordance with the annual plan of the city’s social emergency medical knowledge and skills popularization training, carry out first-aid skills training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the use of automated external defibrillator, and the methods of relieving airway foreign body obstruction.

　　Encourage medical institutions, medical industry associations, medical research institutions and other organizations with training capabilities to provide first aid training services, and establish training ledgers to truthfully record information such as training teachers, objects and contents.

　　The units where the people’s police, fire rescue personnel, government service personnel, school staff, security personnel, tourism and public transport employees work shall organize the above-mentioned personnel to participate in first aid training.

　　Article 33 The management units of railway stations, long-distance bus stations, passenger terminals, urban rail transit stations, airports, expressway service areas, stadiums, scenic tourist areas and other places, enterprises engaged in high-risk sports, construction units and large industrial enterprises shall be equipped with necessary first-aid instruments and medicines, arrange staff or volunteers who have received first-aid training to be on duty during production and operation hours, and assist in emergency on-site rescue in pre-hospital medical first aid and emergencies.

　　The municipal administrative department of public health shall formulate the guiding catalogue for the allocation of first-aid equipment and drugs in public places, and make it public.　

　　Article 34 Public places and units such as government service halls, airports, railway stations, passenger terminals, urban rail transit stations, expressway service areas, scenic tourist areas, schools, gymnasiums, old-age care institutions, shopping malls, etc. shall be equipped with automated external defibrillator, which shall be regularly inspected, maintained and recorded.

　　Encourage other public places and public security police stations, fire rescue stations and other units to configure automated external defibrillator, and encourage social forces to donate automated external defibrillator.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate and promulgate the configuration planning and specifications of automated external defibrillator, and establish the electronic map, navigation and remote management system of automated external defibrillator to facilitate public inquiry and use.

　　Thirty-fifth support and encourage social forces such as emergency medical volunteer service organizations and emergency medical volunteers to participate in public emergency activities.

　　Encourage units and individuals to make donations and donations to social emergency medical services. The name of the donor can be marked on the donated materials according to law.

　　Encourage individuals to learn medical first aid knowledge and skills, and improve their ability of self-help and mutual rescue.

　　

Chapter V Social Emergency Medical Security

　　Thirty-sixth municipal and District People’s governments shall set up special funds for pre-hospital medical first aid and incorporate them into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

　　Pre-hospital medical emergency special funds should be earmarked for the following aspects:

　　(a) purchase, update and maintain the "120" emergency vehicles, emergency medical equipment and instruments, communication equipment, etc.;

　　(II) Subsidize the expenses of pre-hospital emergency group of "120" emergency network hospital, regional emergency medical center, first-aid station directly under emergency medical command organization and medical institutions that temporarily undertake pre-hospital medical emergency tasks in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 16 of these regulations to engage in "120" emergency medical treatment;

　　(three) publicity of first aid knowledge and first aid medical training and drills.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate the "120" emergency medical subsidy standard of this Municipality. The health administrative department shall, in accordance with the standards, pay the "120" emergency medical subsidy to the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center, the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization and the medical institutions that temporarily undertake the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 16 of this Ordinance.

　　Article 37 The municipal and district people’s governments shall increase financial investment in emergency medical treatment within their respective jurisdictions, improve the distribution of emergency stations directly under the "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency medical command institutions, equip "120" emergency vehicles in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the actual needs of this Municipality, and establish a cleaning and disinfection place for "120" emergency vehicles to meet the needs of pre-hospital medical emergency in this Municipality.

　　The administrative department of health in areas with shortage of medical resources shall, according to the pre-hospital medical emergency network planning, gradually improve the emergency medical conditions of primary medical and health institutions, and incorporate medical institutions that meet the conditions stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 12 of these regulations into the pre-hospital medical emergency network.

　　On the basis of the existing social emergency medical network, this city explores the construction mode of pre-hospital medical emergency and fire rescue as a whole, and establishes and improves the joint rescue mechanism to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital medical emergency.

　　Article 38 The municipal and district people’s governments shall strengthen the construction of emergency medical teams.

　　The competent administrative department of health shall, jointly with the administrative departments of human resources and social security, formulate an annual plan for the introduction, training and career development of command and dispatch personnel and emergency personnel according to the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality.

　　Encourage medical colleges and universities in this administrative area to offer emergency courses and strengthen the discipline construction of emergency medicine.

　　Article 39 This Municipality shall establish and improve the linkage mechanism of land, air and water emergency medical services, and develop a diversified emergency medical service system.

　　The city will build a first-aid and disaster medical skill training base, a medical security and emergency material reserve.

　　The health administrative department shall establish an emergency medical rescue expert database.

　　General hospitals at or above the second level shall establish emergency medical rescue teams to participate in emergency medical work in major or especially major emergencies under the unified command and dispatch of the municipal emergency medical command center.

　　Fortieth health administrative departments and emergency medical command institutions shall regularly organize pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills every year, timely evaluate the effect of the drills, and improve the ability and level of emergency rescue in this Municipality.

　　Article 41 This Municipality will include the medical expenses generated by pre-hospital medical emergency services in the reimbursement scope of medical insurance for urban workers and medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal medical security administrative department in conjunction with the municipal health administrative department.

　　Forty-second relevant units shall provide the following guarantees for pre-hospital medical emergency work:

　　(a) the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall ensure that the "120" emergency vehicles carrying out emergency tasks have priority; In the event of an emergency, a temporary special passage should be set up to ensure the passage of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(II) The administrative department of medical security shall, in combination with factors such as the cost of emergency medical services and the income level of residents, formulate and publish the charging standard and adjustment mechanism of emergency medical services, and timely and truthfully pay the emergency medical expenses of patients who belong to social assistance in accordance with the relevant provisions of medical assistance;

　　(three) the communication enterprise shall ensure the smooth network of the "120" special line and provide the information, materials and technical services stipulated in the service contract to the emergency medical command organization in time;

　　(four) power supply enterprises should ensure the safe and stable power supply of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions.

　　Forty-third "120" emergency vehicles to perform pre-hospital medical emergency tasks are protected by law and enjoy the following rights:

　　(1) Using alarms and sign lamps according to law;

　　(two) the use of bus lanes, fire engines, emergency lanes;

　　(3) Under the premise of ensuring safety, it is not restricted by the driving route, driving direction, driving speed and traffic lights;

　　(four) temporary parking in no-stop areas or sections;

　　(5) Exempting from paying parking fees for toll parking lots;

　　(six) other rights stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　Pedestrians and moving vehicles should take the initiative to avoid vehicles and personnel performing medical emergency tasks in time and provide convenience.

　　Article 44 Medical institutions such as the "120" emergency network hospital shall immediately treat the vagrants and beggars they receive, and notify the local relief management institutions in time. The relief management institution shall promptly go to the hospital to identify whether it belongs to the relief object; Those who belong to the rescue object shall go through the rescue registration procedures and pay the treatment expenses in accordance with the relevant provisions on the rescue management of vagrants and beggars.

　　Medical institutions such as "120" emergency network hospital shall assist patients who need emergency rescue due to accidental injury, have no economic ability to pay and have no other channels to solve the basic medical expenses during the first aid period in applying for special funds to pay the basic medical expenses during the first aid period in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management of special funds for social emergency medical assistance of the Red Cross in this Municipality.

　　Forty-fifth municipal and district people’s governments shall support the Red Cross and other organizations to carry out emergency rescue training and emergency rescue volunteer service.

　　The municipal and district people’s governments and relevant administrative departments can support and encourage social forces to carry out social first-aid training, allocate automated external defibrillator, establish social first-aid volunteer teams and other public first-aid construction by purchasing services and special subsidies.

　　

Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Forty-sixth health administrative departments and their staff have one of the following acts, and the competent authorities shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit or the circumstances are serious, the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible shall be dealt with according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of the twelfth paragraph, not in accordance with the provisions of the "120" emergency network hospital;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article twenty-sixth, the medical institutions refused to accept or delay the treatment of patients in accordance with the provisions of the act, or not in accordance with the provisions of the formulation and implementation of emergency medical plans;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-ninth, not in accordance with the provisions of the assessment of "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station;

　　(four) in violation of the provisions of article thirtieth, to report and complain about violations of these regulations are not handled in time according to law or not in accordance with the provisions of the written reply to report and complain;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article thirty-second, not in accordance with the provisions of the training plan, or not in accordance with the provisions of the unified training content, assessment standards;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article thirty-fourth, not in accordance with the provisions of the automated external defibrillator configuration planning and specification, or not in accordance with the provisions of the establishment of automated external defibrillator electronic map, navigation and remote management system;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article thirty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the payment of "120" emergency medical subsidies;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of article fortieth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills;

　　(nine) to investigate and deal with the acts of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, first-aid stations directly under emergency medical command institutions and their staff in violation of these regulations;

　　(ten) other acts that do not perform the duties stipulated in these regulations according to law and damage the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations.

　　Forty-seventh emergency medical command institutions in any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, interview the main person in charge; If the circumstances are serious, the competent authority shall deal with the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 4 or Article 27, paragraph 1, not in accordance with the provisions of the registration, summary, statistics, storage, reporting of emergency information, or not in accordance with the provisions of the acceptance of the inquiry application;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of article ninth, fifth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization training or assessment of command and dispatch personnel, emergency personnel;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of article ninth, seventh, not in accordance with the provisions of the supervision and deployment of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(four) in violation of the eighth item of Article 9 of these regulations, failing to perform the obligation of assistance in the emergency medical security of major social activities or emergency medical rescue work;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of the nineteenth paragraph third, the first aid command, communications, material support and other vehicles for other purposes;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-first, not in accordance with the provisions of the dispatch of "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the dispatch instructions, or not in accordance with the provisions of the coordination;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of article fortieth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills.

　　Forty-eighth "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions and their staff members violate the provisions of these regulations, and in any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the unit shall be informed criticism, and the unit shall be fined not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the unit shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan, and the competent authority shall deal with the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of the thirteenth paragraph, not in accordance with the provisions of the establishment of full-time pre-hospital medical emergency team or equipped with emergency personnel;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the fourteenth paragraph, not to implement the 24-hour consultation system;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 14, the first paragraph of Article 26 and the second paragraph of Article 27, refusing to accept the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, or failing to do a good job in the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of pre-hospital medical emergency information in accordance with the provisions;

　　(four) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article fourteenth, the first paragraph of article twenty-third, do not perform emergency medical operation norms;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of article fourteenth of the sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the training of emergency personnel;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of article fifteenth, not in accordance with the provisions of the special medical security, emergency medical rescue support duties, or not in accordance with the provisions of the pre-hospital emergency training, quality management and other duties;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article nineteenth, not in accordance with the provisions of the inspection, inspection, maintenance, renewal, cleaning or disinfection of "120" emergency vehicles and emergency equipment;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article twenty-second, article twenty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel, or not in accordance with the provisions of the patient to the designated hospital;

　　(nine) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article twenty-fifth and the first paragraph of article forty-fourth, refusing to treat patients;

　　(ten) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-eighth, unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to perform non pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　Article 49 If a medical institution violates the provisions of Article 26 of these regulations and fails to perform the corresponding duties according to the provisions, it shall be handled by the health administrative department in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies.

　　Article 50 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Item 1 and Item 2 of Article 28 of these Regulations, fraudulently uses the emergency medical command organization, the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center, the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization, the name and first-aid logo of "120", or impersonates the name of "120" emergency vehicle, shall be ordered by the health administrative department to make corrections and be fined between 30,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan; Those who practice without obtaining the practice license of medical institutions shall be dealt with by the health administrative department in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Units or individuals in violation of the provisions of the fourth to eighth of this Ordinance, disrupting the pre-hospital medical emergency order, by the public security organs in accordance with the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law" and other laws and regulations; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Fifty-first in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article thirty-fourth, not in accordance with the provisions of the allocation of automated external defibrillator, the health administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the administrative department of health shall impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan.

　　Article 52 If the relevant units and their staff violate the provisions of Article 42 of these regulations and fail to fulfill the obligations of social emergency medical security, which causes serious consequences, the competent authorities shall order them to make corrections, and the responsible persons in charge and the persons directly responsible shall be dealt with according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 53 These Regulations shall come into force as of May 1, 2023.